Question 1

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland is

Accepted Answer

A) LH. 
B) FSH. 
C) Inhibin. 
D) GnRH. 
E) estradiol. 
A) LH. 
B) FSH. 
C) Inhibin. 
D) GnRH. 
E) estradiol. D

Question 2

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with

Accepted Answer

A) environmental conditions becoming more favorable. 
B) greater abundance of food resources. 
C) periods of temperature or food stresses. 
D) completion of puberty. 
E) exhaustion of an organism's supply of eggs. 
A) environmental conditions becoming more favorable. 
B) greater abundance of food resources. 
C) periods of temperature or food stresses. 
D) completion of puberty. 
E) exhaustion of an organism's supply of eggs. C

Question 3

Regeneration, the regrowth of lost body parts, normally follows

Accepted Answer

A) all types of asexual reproduction. 
B) all types of sexual reproduction. 
C) fission. 
D) fragmentation. 
E) parthenogenesis. 
A) all types of asexual reproduction. 
B) all types of sexual reproduction. 
C) fission. 
D) fragmentation. 
E) parthenogenesis. D

Question 4

Most flatworms, including parasitic liver flukes, are hermaphrodites where zygotes form as the result of

Accepted Answer

A) internal fertilization. 
B) external fertilization. 
C) parthenogenesis. 
D) eggs and sperm mixing together in excreted feces. 
E) eggs and sperm mixing together in wastewater. 
A) internal fertilization. 
B) external fertilization. 
C) parthenogenesis. 
D) eggs and sperm mixing together in excreted feces. 
E) eggs and sperm mixing together in wastewater.

Question 5

Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because

Accepted Answer

A) asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations to their offspring. 
B) asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction than do sexually reproducing organisms. 
C) sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can sexually reproducing organisms. 
D) more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in those that reproduce sexually. 
E) asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce sexually. 
A) asexually reproducing organisms, but not sexually reproducing organisms, pass all mutations to their offspring. 
B) asexually reproducing organisms devote more time and energy to the process of reproduction than do sexually reproducing organisms. 
C) sexually reproducing organisms can produce more offspring in a given time than can sexually reproducing organisms. 
D) more genetic variation is present in organisms that reproduce asexually than is present in those that reproduce sexually. 
E) asexually reproducing organisms have more dominant genes than organisms that reproduce sexually.

Question 6

So-called "combination" birth-control pills function in contraception by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH. 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors, so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct. 
A) inhibiting the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH. 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors, so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct.

Question 7

For lactation to take place, __________ stimulates the synthesis of breast milk and __________ causes milk expulsion.

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone; dihydrotestosterone 
B) estrogen; progesterone 
C) cortisol; testosterone 
D) prolactin; oxytocin 
E) luteinizing hormone; follicle stimulating hormone 
A) testosterone; dihydrotestosterone 
B) estrogen; progesterone 
C) cortisol; testosterone 
D) prolactin; oxytocin 
E) luteinizing hormone; follicle stimulating hormone

Question 8

The "immunotolerance" of a pregnant woman toward her unborn child is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) the tenacity with which the unborn child's immune system counteracts the woman's immune system. 
B) the relative quiescence of a pregnant woman's immune system compared to when she was not pregnant. 
C) the complete physical separation from her cells and those of the unborn child. 
D) the unborn child having enough of the woman's identity so as to escape detection as foreign. 
E) modern medical intervention during every pregnancy. 
A) the tenacity with which the unborn child's immune system counteracts the woman's immune system. 
B) the relative quiescence of a pregnant woman's immune system compared to when she was not pregnant. 
C) the complete physical separation from her cells and those of the unborn child. 
D) the unborn child having enough of the woman's identity so as to escape detection as foreign. 
E) modern medical intervention during every pregnancy.

Question 9

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B) the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C) rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D) increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E) increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones. 
A) the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B) the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C) rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D) increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E) increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones.

Question 10

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

Accepted Answer

A) the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C) the period just before ovulation. 
D) the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. 
E) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. 
A) the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C) the period just before ovulation. 
D) the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. 
E) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 11

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop

Accepted Answer

A) in the first trimester. 
B) in the second trimester. 
C) in the third trimester. 
D) while the embryo is in the oviduct. 
E) during the blastocyst stage. 
A) in the first trimester. 
B) in the second trimester. 
C) in the third trimester. 
D) while the embryo is in the oviduct. 
E) during the blastocyst stage.

Question 12

A cloaca is an anatomical structure found in many nonmammalian vertebrates, which functions as

Accepted Answer

A) a specialized sperm-transfer device produced by males. 
B) a common exit for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. 
C) a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females. 
D) a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes. 
E) a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening. 
A) a specialized sperm-transfer device produced by males. 
B) a common exit for the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. 
C) a region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females. 
D) a source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes. 
E) a gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening.

Question 13

During human heterosexual (mutual)excitement, vasocongestion

Accepted Answer

A) occurs only in the penis. 
B) occurs only in the testes. 
C) occurs only in the clitoris. 
D) occurs only in the upper vagina. 
E) occurs in the clitoris, vagina, and penis. 
A) occurs only in the penis. 
B) occurs only in the testes. 
C) occurs only in the clitoris. 
D) occurs only in the upper vagina. 
E) occurs in the clitoris, vagina, and penis.

Question 14

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed but the shed endometrium is excreted from the body during the menstrual cycle. 
B) behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycle than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycle are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. 
A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed but the shed endometrium is excreted from the body during the menstrual cycle. 
B) behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycle than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycle are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles.

Question 15

A reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated, and that is detectable in excreted urine, is

Accepted Answer

A) progesterone. 
B) estrogen. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone. 
D) chorionic gonadotropin. 
E) hypothalamus releasing factors. 
A) progesterone. 
B) estrogen. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone. 
D) chorionic gonadotropin. 
E) hypothalamus releasing factors.

Question 16

When stem cells divide, one daughter cell remains a stem cell. In human spermatogenesis, stem cells give rise to differentiated spermatogonia, which give rise to spermatocytes. Draw four rounds of mitosis for (a)a stem cell and (b)a spermatogonium to illustrate why this two-stage process is important for producing thousands of sperm per second from a much smaller number of stem cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When stem cells divide, one daughter cell...

Question 17

Sperm cells are stored within human males in the

Accepted Answer

A) urethra. 
B) prostate. 
C) epididymis. 
D) seminal vesicles. 
E) bulbourethral gland. 
A) urethra. 
B) prostate. 
C) epididymis. 
D) seminal vesicles. 
E) bulbourethral gland.

Question 18

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that

Accepted Answer

A) they both have the same number of chromosomes. 
B) they are approximately the same size. 
C) they each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D) they are produced from puberty until death. 
E) they are formed before birth. 
A) they both have the same number of chromosomes. 
B) they are approximately the same size. 
C) they each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D) they are produced from puberty until death. 
E) they are formed before birth.

Question 19

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) interruptions in meiotic divisions. 
B) functional gametes produced by meiosis. 
C) meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete. 
D) gametes produced in a given time period. 
E) different cell types produced by meiosis. 
A) interruptions in meiotic divisions. 
B) functional gametes produced by meiosis. 
C) meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete. 
D) gametes produced in a given time period. 
E) different cell types produced by meiosis.

Question 20

Like many other fishes, bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually, but unlike most fish,

Accepted Answer

A) they are simultaneous hermaphrodites. 
B) they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C) they undergo a prolonged diapause during low tide. 
D) their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E) large females morph into reproductively competent males. 
A) they are simultaneous hermaphrodites. 
B) they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C) they undergo a prolonged diapause during low tide. 
D) their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E) large females morph into reproductively competent males.

Exam 46: Animal Reproduction

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland is

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with

Regeneration, the regrowth of lost body parts, normally follows

Most flatworms, including parasitic liver flukes, are hermaphrodites where zygotes form as the result of

Genetic mutations in asexually reproducing organisms lead to more evolutionary change than do genetic mutations in sexually reproducing ones because

So-called "combination" birth-control pills function in contraception by

For lactation to take place, __________ stimulates the synthesis of breast milk and __________ causes milk expulsion.

The "immunotolerance" of a pregnant woman toward her unborn child is the result of

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop

A cloaca is an anatomical structure found in many nonmammalian vertebrates, which functions as

During human heterosexual (mutual)excitement, vasocongestion

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

A reliable "marker" that a pregnancy has initiated, and that is detectable in excreted urine, is

Sperm cells are stored within human males in the

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Like many other fishes, bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually, but unlike most fish,

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters

For lactation to take place, stimulates the synthesis of breast milk and causes milk expulsion.