Question 1

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that

Accepted Answer

A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis happens in embryonic development. 
B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D) oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. 
A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis happens in embryonic development. 
B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D) oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born.

Question 2

One of the evolutionary "enigmas," or unsolved puzzles, of sexual reproduction is due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) sexual reproduction allows for more rapid population growth than does asexual reproduction. 
B) only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females. 
C) asexual reproduction produces offspring of greater genetic variety. 
D) sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly than asexual reproduction. 
E) asexual reproduction is better suited to environments with extremely varying conditions. 
A) sexual reproduction allows for more rapid population growth than does asexual reproduction. 
B) only half of the offspring from sexually reproducing females are also females. 
C) asexual reproduction produces offspring of greater genetic variety. 
D) sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly than asexual reproduction. 
E) asexual reproduction is better suited to environments with extremely varying conditions.

Question 3

The male and female structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include

Accepted Answer

A) penis and clitoris. 
B) vas deferens and oviduct. 
C) testes and ovaries. 
D) seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E) prostate and ovaries. 
A) penis and clitoris. 
B) vas deferens and oviduct. 
C) testes and ovaries. 
D) seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E) prostate and ovaries.

Question 4

At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) one secondary oocyte. 
B) two primary oocytes. 
C) four secondary oocytes. 
D) four primary oocytes. 
E) four zygotes. 
A) one secondary oocyte. 
B) two primary oocytes. 
C) four secondary oocytes. 
D) four primary oocytes. 
E) four zygotes.

Question 5

The drug RU486 functions by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting release of gonadotropins from the pituitary. 
B) blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus. 
C) preventing release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C 
A) inhibiting release of gonadotropins from the pituitary. 
B) blocking progesterone receptors in the uterus. 
C) preventing release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. 
D) A and B 
E) A, B, and C

Question 6

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the body temperature. 
B) providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C) increasing ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sex. 
D) direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E) direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms. 
A) increasing the body temperature. 
B) providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C) increasing ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sex. 
D) direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E) direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms.

Question 7

Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A) ovary. 
B) uterus. 
C) vagina. 
D) oviduct. 
E) cervix. 
A) ovary. 
B) uterus. 
C) vagina. 
D) oviduct. 
E) cervix.

Question 8

Sexual reproduction patterns include the example of

Accepted Answer

A) fragmentation. 
B) budding. 
C) hermaphroditism. 
D) parthenogenesis. 
E) fission. 
A) fragmentation. 
B) budding. 
C) hermaphroditism. 
D) parthenogenesis. 
E) fission.

Question 9

Human fertility drugs increase the chance of multiple births, probably because they

Accepted Answer

A) enhance implantation. 
B) stimulate follicle development. 
C) mimic progesterone. 
D) stimulate spermatogenesis. 
E) prevent parturition. 
A) enhance implantation. 
B) stimulate follicle development. 
C) mimic progesterone. 
D) stimulate spermatogenesis. 
E) prevent parturition.

Question 10

Time-release progesterone implants function in contraception by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the frequency of ovulation. 
B) thickening the cervical and uterine mucus to impair sperm movement. 
C) increasing gonadotropin secretion to abnormally high levels. 
D) reducing libido. 
E) activating inflammation responses in the uterus. 
A) increasing the frequency of ovulation. 
B) thickening the cervical and uterine mucus to impair sperm movement. 
C) increasing gonadotropin secretion to abnormally high levels. 
D) reducing libido. 
E) activating inflammation responses in the uterus.

Question 11

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to

Accepted Answer

A) nourish and protect the egg cell. 
B) produce prolactin in the alveoli. 
C) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred. 
D) stimulate the development of the mammary glands. 
E) support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters. 
A) nourish and protect the egg cell. 
B) produce prolactin in the alveoli. 
C) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred. 
D) stimulate the development of the mammary glands. 
E) support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters.

Question 12

Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have

Accepted Answer

A) any copulatory organs. 
B) a receptacle that receives sperm. 
C) behavioral interaction between males and females. 
D) internal development of embryos. 
E) haploid gametes. 
A) any copulatory organs. 
B) a receptacle that receives sperm. 
C) behavioral interaction between males and females. 
D) internal development of embryos. 
E) haploid gametes.

Question 13

Organisms with a reproductive pattern that produce shelled amniotic eggs generally

Accepted Answer

A) end up having a higher embryo mortality rate than do organisms with unprotected embryos. 
B) invest most of their reproductive energy in the embryonic and early postnatal development of their offspring. 
C) invest more energy in parenting than do placental animals. 
D) produce more gametes than do those animals with external fertilization and development. 
E) lower their embryo mortality rate to less than one in a thousand. 
A) end up having a higher embryo mortality rate than do organisms with unprotected embryos. 
B) invest most of their reproductive energy in the embryonic and early postnatal development of their offspring. 
C) invest more energy in parenting than do placental animals. 
D) produce more gametes than do those animals with external fertilization and development. 
E) lower their embryo mortality rate to less than one in a thousand.

Question 14

Among human males, both semen and urine normally travel along the

Accepted Answer

A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter. 
A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter.

Question 15

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the uterine cycle are

Accepted Answer

A) menstrual → ovulation → luteal 
B) follicular → luteal → secretory 
C) menstrual → proliferative → secretory 
D) follicular → ovulation → luteal 
E) proliferative → luteal → ovulation 
A) menstrual → ovulation → luteal 
B) follicular → luteal → secretory 
C) menstrual → proliferative → secretory 
D) follicular → ovulation → luteal 
E) proliferative → luteal → ovulation

Question 16

Chemical signals exchanged between potential reproductive partners are called

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) pheromones. 
C) paracrine signals. 
D) cytokines. 
E) gametes. 
A) hormones. 
B) pheromones. 
C) paracrine signals. 
D) cytokines. 
E) gametes.

Question 17

Which hypothalamic hormone triggers the secretion of FSH?

Accepted Answer

A) luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C) progesterone 
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 
A) luteinizing hormone (LH) 
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
C) progesterone 
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 18

A contraceptive pill that continuously inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus will

Accepted Answer

A) increase the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. 
B) initiate ovulation. 
C) reduce the secretion of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. 
D) stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary gland. 
E) increase the flow phase of the menstrual cycle. 
A) increase the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries. 
B) initiate ovulation. 
C) reduce the secretion of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. 
D) stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary gland. 
E) increase the flow phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 19

The junction of the upper vagina and the uterus is called the

Accepted Answer

A) fallopian tube. 
B) clitoris. 
C) oviduct. 
D) labia majora. 
E) cervix. 
A) fallopian tube. 
B) clitoris. 
C) oviduct. 
D) labia majora. 
E) cervix.

Question 20

Which of the following is a True statement?

Accepted Answer

A) All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B) The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C) Estrous cycles occur more often than menstrual cycles. 
D) Estrous cycles are not controlled by hormones. 
E) Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles. 
A) All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B) The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C) Estrous cycles occur more often than menstrual cycles. 
D) Estrous cycles are not controlled by hormones. 
E) Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.

Exam 46: Animal Reproduction

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that

One of the evolutionary "enigmas," or unsolved puzzles, of sexual reproduction is due to the fact that

The male and female structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include

At the time of fertilization, the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

The drug RU486 functions by

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

Fertilization of human eggs usually takes place in the

Sexual reproduction patterns include the example of

Human fertility drugs increase the chance of multiple births, probably because they

Time-release progesterone implants function in contraception by

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to

Animals with reproduction dependent on internal fertilization need not have

Organisms with a reproductive pattern that produce shelled amniotic eggs generally

Among human males, both semen and urine normally travel along the

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the uterine cycle are

Chemical signals exchanged between potential reproductive partners are called

Which hypothalamic hormone triggers the secretion of FSH?

A contraceptive pill that continuously inhibits the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus will

The junction of the upper vagina and the uterus is called the

Which of the following is a True statement?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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