Question 1

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A) Prophase 
B) Metaphase 
C) Anaphase 
D) Telophase 
E) Interphase 
A) Prophase 
B) Metaphase 
C) Anaphase 
D) Telophase 
E) Interphase

Question 2

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-If the cells were from a plant, which sample might represent a gametophyte cell?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Either I or II 
E) Either II or III

Question 3

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Every human cell 
B) Each human chromosome 
C) The entire DNA of a single human 
D) The entire human population 
E) Each human gene 
A) Every human cell 
B) Each human chromosome 
C) The entire DNA of a single human 
D) The entire human population 
E) Each human gene

Question 4

Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes correspond to segments of DNA. 
B) Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins. 
C) During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg. 
D) One gene only is used in a specific cell type. 
E) Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations. 
A) Genes correspond to segments of DNA. 
B) Many genes contain the information needed for cells to synthesize enzymes and other proteins. 
C) During fertilization, both the sperm and the ovum contribute genes to the resulting fertilized egg. 
D) One gene only is used in a specific cell type. 
E) Genetic differences can result from changes in the DNA called mutations.

Question 5

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Which sample might represent an animal cell in G₂ phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Both I and II 
E) Both II and III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) Both I and II 
E) Both II and III

Question 6

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?
I. Alternation of generations
II. Meiosis
III. Fertilization
IV. Gametes
V. Spores

Accepted Answer

A) I, IV, and V 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) II, IV, and V 
E) All of the above 
A) I, IV, and V 
B) I, II, and IV 
C) II, III, and IV 
D) II, IV, and V 
E) All of the above

Question 7

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II.

Question 8

How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

Accepted Answer

A) By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes 
B) By allowing fertilization 
C) By increasing gene stability 
D) By conserving chromosomal gene order 
E) By decreasing mutation frequency 
A) By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes 
B) By allowing fertilization 
C) By increasing gene stability 
D) By conserving chromosomal gene order 
E) By decreasing mutation frequency

Question 9

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VI 
A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VI

Question 10

Refer to the following information and Figure 13.4 to answer the following questions.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene, as shown in Figure 13.4.
 Chromosome 12 :

Chromosome 19:  
-A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosomes and a maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B) All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C) Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D) Each egg has 1/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
E) Each egg has a 3/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
A) All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B) All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C) Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D) Each egg has 1/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
E) Each egg has a 3/4 chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations.

Question 11

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesions. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A) They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B) They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C) They must be removed before anaphase can occur. 
D) They must reattach to chromosomes during G1. 
E) They must be intact for nuclear envelope reformation. 
A) They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B) They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C) They must be removed before anaphase can occur. 
D) They must reattach to chromosomes during G1. 
E) They must be intact for nuclear envelope reformation.

Question 12

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) It must be human. 
B) It must be a primate. 
C) It must be an animal. 
D) It must be sexually reproducing. 
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes. 
A) It must be human. 
B) It must be a primate. 
C) It must be an animal. 
D) It must be sexually reproducing. 
E) Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.

Question 13

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue. 
A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits. 
B) Breed this plant with another plant with much weaker traits. 
C) Clone the plant asexually to produce an identical one. 
D) Force the plant to self-pollinate to obtain an identical one. 
E) Add nitrogen to the soil of the offspring of this plant so the desired traits continue.

Question 14

Refer to the following information and Figure 13.4 to answer the following questions.
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene, as shown in Figure 13.4.
 Chromosome 12 :

Chromosome 19:  
-If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, she will produce which of the following egg types?

Accepted Answer

A) Only blue gene eggs 
B) Only orange gene eggs 
C) 1/2 blue and 1/2 orange gene eggs 
D) 3/4 blue and 1/4 orange gene eggs 
E) An indeterminate frequency of blue and orange gene eggs 
A) Only blue gene eggs 
B) Only orange gene eggs 
C) 1/2 blue and 1/2 orange gene eggs 
D) 3/4 blue and 1/4 orange gene eggs 
E) An indeterminate frequency of blue and orange gene eggs

Question 15

Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Natural selection 
B) Cloning 
C) Crossing over 
D) Mutation 
E) Environmental change 
A) Natural selection 
B) Cloning 
C) Crossing over 
D) Mutation 
E) Environmental change

Question 16

In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in

Accepted Answer

A) spores. 
B) gametophytes. 
C) zygotes. 
D) sporophytes. 
E) clones. 
A) spores. 
B) gametophytes. 
C) zygotes. 
D) sporophytes. 
E) clones.

Question 17

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Accepted Answer

A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II. 
A) The statement is True for mitosis only. 
B) The statement is True for meiosis I only. 
C) The statement is True for meiosis II only. 
D) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis I. 
E) The statement is True for mitosis and meiosis II.

Question 18

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

Accepted Answer

A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
E) All of the above 
A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
E) All of the above

Question 19

A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 
B) 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 
C) 63 chromosomes, each with three chromatids 
D) 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes 
A) 63 chromosomes in 31 1/2 pairs 
B) 63 chromosomes in 21 sets of 3 
C) 63 chromosomes, each with three chromatids 
D) 21 chromosome pairs and 21 unique chromosomes

Question 20

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

A) Two single-stranded chromosomes that have synapsed 
B) Two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed 
C) Four sets of sister chromatids 
D) Four sets of unique chromosomes 
E) Eight sets of sister chromatids 
A) Two single-stranded chromosomes that have synapsed 
B) Two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed 
C) Four sets of sister chromatids 
D) Four sets of unique chromosomes 
E) Eight sets of sister chromatids

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

The human genome is minimally contained in which of the following?

Which of the following statements about genes is incorrect?

Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common? I. Alternation of generations II. Meiosis III. Fertilization IV. Gametes V. Spores

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. -Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs.

How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. -Which diagram represents prophase I of meiosis?

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants?

Asexual reproduction results in identical offspring unless which of the following occurs?

In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions. -Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs.

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

A triploid cell contains three sets of chromosomes. If a cell of a usually diploid species with 42 chromosomes per cell is triploid, this cell would be expected to have which of the following?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. -A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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