Question 1

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%. 
B) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. 
C) Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. 
D) Asexual reproduction requires only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. 
E) Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is utilized only by plants and animals. 
A) Individuals reproducing asexually transmit 100% of their genes to their progeny, whereas individuals reproducing sexually transmit only 50%. 
B) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parents, whereas sexual reproduction gives rise to genetically distinct offspring. 
C) Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, whereas sexual reproduction involves two. 
D) Asexual reproduction requires only mitosis, whereas sexual reproduction always involves meiosis. 
E) Asexual reproduction is utilized only by fungi and protists, whereas sexual reproduction is utilized only by plants and animals.

Question 2

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 2 and 3 only 
E) 2, 3, and 5 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 2 and 3 only 
E) 2, 3, and 5

Question 3

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

Accepted Answer

A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
A) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
B) diploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
C) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of a single chromatid. 
D) haploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids. 
E) tetraploid, and the chromosomes are each composed of two chromatids.

Question 4

Use the diagram of a cell in Figure 13.5 to answer the following questions.
  
-Identify the stage of meiosis shown.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the diagram of a cell in...

Question 5

The human X and Y chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. 
B) are of approximately equal size and number of genes. 
C) are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. 
D) include genes that determine an individual's sex. 
E) include only genes that govern sex determination. 
A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. 
B) are of approximately equal size and number of genes. 
C) are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. 
D) include genes that determine an individual's sex. 
E) include only genes that govern sex determination.

Question 6

What is a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A) The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual 
B) The collection of all the mutations present within the genome of an individual 
C) The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete 
D) A system of classifying cell nuclei 
E) A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape 
A) The set of unique physical characteristics that define an individual 
B) The collection of all the mutations present within the genome of an individual 
C) The combination of chromosomes found in a gamete 
D) A system of classifying cell nuclei 
E) A display of every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape

Question 7

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-If an organism is diploid and a certain gene found in the organism has 18 known alleles (variants), then any given organism of that species can/must have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) At most, 2 alleles for that gene 
B) Up to 18 chromosomes with that gene 
C) Up to 18 genes for that trait 
D) A haploid number of 9 chromosomes 
E) Up to, but not more than, 18 different traits 
A) At most, 2 alleles for that gene 
B) Up to 18 chromosomes with that gene 
C) Up to 18 genes for that trait 
D) A haploid number of 9 chromosomes 
E) Up to, but not more than, 18 different traits

Question 8

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-Experiments with cohesions have found that

Accepted Answer

A) cohesions are protected from destruction throughout meiosis I and II. 
B) cohesions are cleaved from chromosomes at the centromere before anaphase I. 
C) cohesions are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I. 
D) a protein cleaves cohesions before metaphase I. 
E) a protein that cleaves cohesions would cause cellular death. 
A) cohesions are protected from destruction throughout meiosis I and II. 
B) cohesions are cleaved from chromosomes at the centromere before anaphase I. 
C) cohesions are protected from cleavage at the centromere during meiosis I. 
D) a protein cleaves cohesions before metaphase I. 
E) a protein that cleaves cohesions would cause cellular death.

Question 9

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?

Accepted Answer

A) 23 
B) 46 
C) 460 
D) 920 
E) About 8 million 
A) 23 
B) 46 
C) 460 
D) 920 
E) About 8 million

Question 10

Use the diagram of a cell in Figure 13.5 to answer the following questions.
  
-Copy Figure 13.5 to a separate sheet of paper and label appropriate structures with these terms, drawing lines or brackets as needed: chromosome (label as replicated or unreplicated), centromere, kinetochore, sister chromatids, nonsister chromatids, homologous pair, homologs, chiasma, sister chromatid cohesion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the diagram of a cell in...

Question 11

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.

-In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of Figure 13.1, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be True?

Accepted Answer

A) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5. 
B) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10. 
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell. 
D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell. 
E) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 20 chromosomes per cell. 
A) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte's is 5. 
B) The sporophyte's chromosome number per cell is 5 and the gametophyte's is 10. 
C) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 10 chromosomes per cell. 
D) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 5 chromosomes per cell. 
E) The sporophyte and gametophyte each have 20 chromosomes per cell.

Question 12

When pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I,

Accepted Answer

A) the maternal chromosomes all move to the same daughter cell. 
B) the sister chromatids remain attached to one another. 
C) recombination is not yet complete. 
D) the synaptonemal complex is visible under the light microscope. 
A) the maternal chromosomes all move to the same daughter cell. 
B) the sister chromatids remain attached to one another. 
C) recombination is not yet complete. 
D) the synaptonemal complex is visible under the light microscope.

Question 13

A karyotype results from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) An inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) The ordering of human chromosome images 
D) The cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) The separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis 
A) A natural cellular arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus 
B) An inherited ability of chromosomes to arrange themselves 
C) The ordering of human chromosome images 
D) The cutting and pasting of parts of chromosomes to form the standard array 
E) The separation of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis

Question 14

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase IV. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VI 
E) VII 
A) I 
B) II 
C) IV 
D) VI 
E) VII

Question 15

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) III only 
D) I and II 
E) I and III

Question 16

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following
questions.
  
-From the descriptions above, which of the following is the order that most logically illustrates a sequence of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 
D) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 
E) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1 
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 
C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 
D) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 
E) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

Accepted Answer

A) A grandparent and grandchild each has dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell. 
A) A grandparent and grandchild each has dark hair, but the parent has blond hair. 
B) A diploid plant (sporophyte)produces, by meiosis, a spore that gives rise to a multicellular, haploid pollen grain (gametophyte). 
C) A diploid animal produces gametes by meiosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. 
D) A haploid mushroom produces gametes by mitosis, and the gametes undergo fertilization, which is immediately followed by meiosis. 
E) A diploid cell divides by mitosis to produce two diploid daughter cells, which then fuse to produce a tetraploid cell.

Question 18

Refer to the drawings in Figure 13.2 of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis, and answer the following questions.
  
-You have in your possession a microscope slide with meiotic cells on it and a light microscope. What would you look for if you wanted to identify metaphase I cells on the slide?

Accepted Answer

A) A visible nuclear envelope 
B) Separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell 
C) Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell 
D) A synaptonemal complex 
E) A cleavage furrow 
A) A visible nuclear envelope 
B) Separated sister chromatids at each pole of the cell 
C) Tetrads lined up at the center of the cell 
D) A synaptonemal complex 
E) A cleavage furrow

Question 19

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase IV. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Accepted Answer

A) II 
B) III 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VII 
A) II 
B) III 
C) IV 
D) V 
E) VII

Question 20

Use the diagram of a cell in Figure 13.5 to answer the following questions.
  
-How can you tell this cell is undergoing meiosis, not mitosis?

Accepted Answer

This cell must be undergoing m

Exam 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction differ in all but which of the following ways?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. -Which of the steps take place in both mitosis and meiosis?

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

Use the diagram of a cell in Figure 13.5 to answer the following questions. -Identify the stage of meiosis shown.

The human X and Y chromosomes

What is a karyotype?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 13.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. -Experiments with cohesions have found that

For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions. -In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of Figure 13.1, if the zygote's chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be True?

When pairs of homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I,

A karyotype results from which of the following?

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase IV. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 13.1 to answer the following questions. -Which of the life cycles is typical for plants and some algae?

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase IV. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Use the diagram of a cell in Figure 13.5 to answer the following questions. -How can you tell this cell is undergoing meiosis, not mitosis?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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