Question 1

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Accepted Answer

A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom. 
E) the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer shell of another atom. 
A) electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged. 
B) protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms. 
C) outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shells of both atoms. 
D) outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom. 
E) the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer shell of another atom.

Question 2

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions.
  
-The molecule shown here could be described in chemical symbols as

Accepted Answer

A) CH₄. 
B) H₂O. 
C) C₂H₃. 
D) C₄H₄. 
E) CH₂O. 
A) CH₄. 
B) H₂O. 
C) C₂H₃. 
D) C₄H₄. 
E) CH₂O.

Question 3

Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these different atomic forms called?

Accepted Answer

A) ions 
B) isotopes 
C) neutronic atoms 
D) isomers 
E) radioactive atoms 
A) ions 
B) isotopes 
C) neutronic atoms 
D) isomers 
E) radioactive atoms

Question 4

The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

Accepted Answer

A) MgCl 
B) MgCl₂ 
C) Mg₂Cl 
D) Mg₂Cl₂ 
E) MgCl₃ 
A) MgCl 
B) MgCl₂ 
C) Mg₂Cl 
D) Mg₂Cl₂ 
E) MgCl₃

Question 5

A van der Waals interaction is the weak attraction between

Accepted Answer

A) the electrons of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule. 
B) the nucleus of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule. 
C) a polar molecule and a nearby nonpolar molecule. 
D) a polar molecule and a nearby molecule that is also polar. 
E) a nonpolar molecule and a nearby molecule that is also nonpolar. 
A) the electrons of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule. 
B) the nucleus of one molecule and the electrons of a nearby molecule. 
C) a polar molecule and a nearby nonpolar molecule. 
D) a polar molecule and a nearby molecule that is also polar. 
E) a nonpolar molecule and a nearby molecule that is also nonpolar.

Question 6

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions.
  
-Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 7

A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂)is formed when one atom of carbon (atomic number 6)is covalently bonded with two atoms of oxygen (atomic number 8). What is the total number of electrons that must be shared between the carbon atom and the oxygen atoms in order to complete the outer electron shell of all three atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal. 
B) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. 
C) Both forward and reverse reactions have halted. 
D) The reaction is now irreversible. 
E) No reactants remain. 
A) The concentrations of products and reactants are equal. 
B) The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. 
C) Both forward and reverse reactions have halted. 
D) The reaction is now irreversible. 
E) No reactants remain.

Question 9

From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has

Accepted Answer

A) 15 neutrons. 
B) 15 protons. 
C) 15 electrons. 
D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell. 
E) B and C only 
A) 15 neutrons. 
B) 15 protons. 
C) 15 electrons. 
D) 8 electrons in its outermost electron shell. 
E) B and C only

Question 10

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions.

-How many electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 11

Sometimes atoms form molecules by sharing two pairs of valence electrons. When this occurs, the atoms are said to be joined by

Accepted Answer

A) a double covalent bond. 
B) an electronegative bond. 
C) a hydrogen bond. 
D) a protonic bond. 
E) a complex bond. 
A) a double covalent bond. 
B) an electronegative bond. 
C) a hydrogen bond. 
D) a protonic bond. 
E) a complex bond.

Question 12

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. 
B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. 
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. 
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms. 
E) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms. 
A) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. 
B) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. 
C) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms. 
D) Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms. 
E) Covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms.

Question 13

Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have

Accepted Answer

A) 20 protons. 
B) 40 electrons. 
C) 40 neutrons. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) 20 protons. 
B) 40 electrons. 
C) 40 neutrons. 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 14

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when

Accepted Answer

A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom. 
B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative. 
C) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element. 
D) it is between two atoms that are both very strong electron acceptors. 
E) the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements. 
A) one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom. 
B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative. 
C) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element. 
D) it is between two atoms that are both very strong electron acceptors. 
E) the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements.

Question 15

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of neon ( ${ } _ { 10 } ^ { 20 } \mathrm { Ne }$ )?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer...

Question 16

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions.

-Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of nitrogen ( $\begin{array} { r } 
14 \
7
\end{array}$ N)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer...

Question 17

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions.
  
-In the methane molecule shown here, bonds have formed that include both the s orbital valence electrons of the hydrogen atoms and the p orbital valence electrons of the carbon. The electrons in these bonds are said to have

Accepted Answer

A) double orbitals. 
B) tetrahedral orbitals. 
C) complex orbitals. 
D) hybrid orbitals. 
E) reduced orbitals. 
A) double orbitals. 
B) tetrahedral orbitals. 
C) complex orbitals. 
D) hybrid orbitals. 
E) reduced orbitals.

Question 18

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14. 
B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7. 
C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams. 
D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 grams and an atomic number of 14. 
E) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons. 
A) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 7 daltons and an atomic mass of 14. 
B) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of approximately 14 daltons and an atomic mass of 7. 
C) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of 7 grams. 
D) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 7 grams and an atomic number of 14. 
E) The nitrogen atom has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approximately 14 daltons.

Question 19

The hybrid orbitals in a molecule of methane are oriented

Accepted Answer

A) toward the corners of a tetrahedron centered on the carbon atom. 
B) toward the corners of a cube centered on the carbon atom. 
C) toward the corners of a triangle centered on the carbon atom. 
D) toward the corners of a rectangle centered on the carbon atom. 
E) toward the edges of an oval centered on the carbon atom. 
A) toward the corners of a tetrahedron centered on the carbon atom. 
B) toward the corners of a cube centered on the carbon atom. 
C) toward the corners of a triangle centered on the carbon atom. 
D) toward the corners of a rectangle centered on the carbon atom. 
E) toward the edges of an oval centered on the carbon atom.

Question 20

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions.

-The atomic number of each atom is given to the left of each of the elements below. Which of the atoms has the same valence as carbon ( $\begin{array} { r } 
12 \
6
\end{array}$ C)?

Accepted Answer

A) ?nitrogen 
B) ?flourine 
C) ¹?neon 
D) ¹²magnesium 
E) ¹?silicon 
A) ?nitrogen 
B) ?flourine 
C) ¹?neon 
D) ¹²magnesium 
E) ¹?silicon

Exam 2: The Chemical Context of Life

A covalent chemical bond is one in which

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions. -The molecule shown here could be described in chemical symbols as

Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these different atomic forms called?

The atomic number of chlorine is 17. The atomic number of magnesium is 12. What is the formula for magnesium chloride?

A van der Waals interaction is the weak attraction between

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions. -Which of the following pairs of atoms would be most likely to form a covalent bond?

Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?

From its atomic number of 15, it is possible to predict that the phosphorus atom has

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions. -How many electrons does phosphorus have in its valence shell?

Sometimes atoms form molecules by sharing two pairs of valence electrons. When this occurs, the atoms are said to be joined by

What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Calcium has an atomic number of 20 and an atomic mass of 40. Therefore, a calcium atom must have

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions. -Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of neon ( 1020Ne{ } _ { 10 } ^ { 20 } \mathrm { Ne }1020​Ne )?

Please refer to Figure 2.1 to answer the following questions. -Which drawing depicts the electron configuration of nitrogen ( 14 7 N)?

Refer to the following figure to answer the following questions. -In the methane molecule shown here, bonds have formed that include both the s orbital valence electrons of the hydrogen atoms and the p orbital valence electrons of the carbon. The electrons in these bonds are said to have

The nucleus of a nitrogen atom contains 7 neutrons and 7 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning nitrogen?

The hybrid orbitals in a molecule of methane are oriented

Use the information extracted from the periodic table in Figure 2.2 to answer the following questions. -The atomic number of each atom is given to the left of each of the elements below. Which of the atoms has the same valence as carbon ( 12 6 C)?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

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