Exam 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Figure 9.3 -Even though plants carry on photosynthesis, plant cells still use their mitochondria for oxidation of pyruvate. When and where will this occur?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

Figure 9.3 -The ATP made during fermentation is generated by which of the following?

Figure 9.3 -The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is transferred to storage in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose to CO₂ and water in cellular respiration?

Refer to Figure 9.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. -In which reaction does an intermediate pathway become oxidized?

Figure 9.3 -Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

Use the following information to answer the next questions. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. -Why is coenzyme A, a sulfur containing molecule derived from a B vitamin, added?

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Where does glycolysis takes place?

Use the following information to answer the next questions. In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO₂, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. -How does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation?

Figure 9.3 -You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds)of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave her body?

Figure 9.3 -In vertebrate animals, brown fat tissue's color is due to abundant mitochondria. White fat tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that dissipates the proton-motive force across the mitochondrial membranes. Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue?

Figure 9.3 -Which of the following describes ubiquinone?

Refer to Figure 9.1 to answer the following questions. Figure 9.1 illustrates some of the steps (reactions) of glycolysis in their proper sequence. Each step is lettered. Use these letters to answer the questions. -Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

Which of the following statements describes NAD⁺?

Figure 9.3 -The accompanying figure shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is the combination of substances that is initially added to the chain?

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂)and water?