Question 1

This is a gene linked to the development of speech in hominids:

Accepted Answer

A) Hox 
B) Dlx 
C) Otx 
D) FOXP2 
E) more than one of these 
A) Hox 
B) Dlx 
C) Otx 
D) FOXP2 
E) more than one of these

Question 2

What should be True of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?

Accepted Answer

A) They should show evidence of internal fertilization. 
B) They should show evidence of having produced shelled eggs. 
C) They should indicate limited adaptation to life on land. 
D) They should be transitional forms with the fossils of chondrichthyans that lived at the same time. 
E) They should feature the earliest indications of the appearance of jaws. 
A) They should show evidence of internal fertilization. 
B) They should show evidence of having produced shelled eggs. 
C) They should indicate limited adaptation to life on land. 
D) They should be transitional forms with the fossils of chondrichthyans that lived at the same time. 
E) They should feature the earliest indications of the appearance of jaws.

Question 3

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow).
-The mystery organism probably belongs to which order, in which class?

Accepted Answer

A) order Anura, class Amphibia 
B) order Apoda, class Amphibia 
C) order Urodela, class Ampihibia 
D) order Squamates, class Reptilia 
E) order Tuatara, class Reptilia 
A) order Anura, class Amphibia 
B) order Apoda, class Amphibia 
C) order Urodela, class Ampihibia 
D) order Squamates, class Reptilia 
E) order Tuatara, class Reptilia

Question 4

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1.

-Which pair of numbers represents extinct reptiles that had returned to an aquatic life?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 5 and 7 
D) 6 and 8 
E) 7 and 9 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 5 and 7 
D) 6 and 8 
E) 7 and 9

Question 5

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-Lampreys differ from hagfishes in

Accepted Answer

A) lacking jaws. 
B) having a cranium. 
C) having pharyngeal clefts that develop into pharyngeal slits. 
D) having a notochord throughout life. 
E) having a notochord that is surrounded by a tube of cartilage. 
A) lacking jaws. 
B) having a cranium. 
C) having pharyngeal clefts that develop into pharyngeal slits. 
D) having a notochord throughout life. 
E) having a notochord that is surrounded by a tube of cartilage.

Question 6

A team of researchers has developed a poison that has proven effective against lamprey larvae in freshwater cultures. The poison is ingested and causes paralysis by detaching segmental muscles from the skeletal elements. The team wants to test the poison's effectiveness in streams feeding Lake Michigan, but one critic worries about potential effects on lancelets, which are similar to lampreys in many ways. Why is this concern misplaced?

Accepted Answer

A) A chemical poisonous to lampreys could not also be toxic to organisms as ancestral as lancelets. 
B) Lamprey larvae and lancelets have very different feeding mechanisms. 
C) Lancelets do not have segmental muscles. 
D) Lancelets live only in saltwater environments. 
E) Lancelets and lamprey larvae eat different kinds of food. 
A) A chemical poisonous to lampreys could not also be toxic to organisms as ancestral as lancelets. 
B) Lamprey larvae and lancelets have very different feeding mechanisms. 
C) Lancelets do not have segmental muscles. 
D) Lancelets live only in saltwater environments. 
E) Lancelets and lamprey larvae eat different kinds of food.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow).
-Which of the following is characteristic of most extant reptiles and most extant mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) ectothermy 
B) diaphragm 
C) shelled eggs 
D) keratinized skin 
E) conical teeth that are relatively uniform in size. 
A) ectothermy 
B) diaphragm 
C) shelled eggs 
D) keratinized skin 
E) conical teeth that are relatively uniform in size.

Question 8

Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their development?

Accepted Answer

A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord 
B) pharyngeal clefts 
C) post-anal tail 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C 
A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord 
B) pharyngeal clefts 
C) post-anal tail 
D) A and B only 
E) A, B, and C

Question 9

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-Which feature excludes it from possibly being a leech?

Accepted Answer

A) its elongate shape 
B) its lack of scales 
C) its lack of external segmentation 
D) its round mouth 
E) its anterior sucker 
A) its elongate shape 
B) its lack of scales 
C) its lack of external segmentation 
D) its round mouth 
E) its anterior sucker

Question 10

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow).
-Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?

Accepted Answer

A) Cenozoic 
B) Mesozoic 
C) Paleozoic 
D) Precambrian 
E) Cambrian 
A) Cenozoic 
B) Mesozoic 
C) Paleozoic 
D) Precambrian 
E) Cambrian

Question 11

What is one characteristic that separates chordates from all other animals?

Accepted Answer

A) True coelom 
B) post-anal tail 
C) blastopore, which becomes the anus 
D) bilateral symmetry 
E) segmentation 
A) True coelom 
B) post-anal tail 
C) blastopore, which becomes the anus 
D) bilateral symmetry 
E) segmentation

Question 12

All of these might have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans, except

Accepted Answer

A) a mineralized, bony skeleton. 
B) scales. 
C) lungs. 
D) gills. 
E) a swim bladder. 
A) a mineralized, bony skeleton. 
B) scales. 
C) lungs. 
D) gills. 
E) a swim bladder.

Question 13

Vertebrates and tunicates share

Accepted Answer

A) jaws adapted for feeding. 
B) a high degree of cephalization. 
C) the formation of structures from the neural crest. 
D) an endoskeleton that includes a skull. 
E) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord. 
A) jaws adapted for feeding. 
B) a high degree of cephalization. 
C) the formation of structures from the neural crest. 
D) an endoskeleton that includes a skull. 
E) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

Question 14

For the following items, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions.
-No urinary bladder, females with one ovary, no teeth

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) nonbird reptiles 
C) chondrichthyans 
D) mammals 
E) birds 
A) amphibians 
B) nonbird reptiles 
C) chondrichthyans 
D) mammals 
E) birds

Question 15

The following questions refer to the description below.
While on an intersession course in tropical ecology, Kris pulls a large, snakelike organism from a burrow (the class was granted a collecting permit). The 1-m-long organism has smooth skin, which appears to be segmented. It has two tiny eyes that are hard to see because they seem to be covered by skin. Kris brings it back to the lab at the field station, where it is a source of puzzlement to the class. Kris says that it is a giant oligochaete worm; Shaun suggests it is a legless amphibian; Kelly proposes it belongs to a snake species that is purely fossorial (lives in a burrow).
-Which of these is not considered an amniote?

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) nonbird reptiles 
C) birds 
D) egg-laying mammals 
E) placental mammals 
A) amphibians 
B) nonbird reptiles 
C) birds 
D) egg-laying mammals 
E) placental mammals

Question 16

Which of the following are considered hominoids?

Accepted Answer

A) lorises 
B) lemurs 
C) monkeys 
D) orangutans 
E) tarsiers 
A) lorises 
B) lemurs 
C) monkeys 
D) orangutans 
E) tarsiers

Question 17

Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates?

Accepted Answer

A) scales 
B) jaws 
C) vertebrae 
D) dorsal, hollow nerve cord 
E) four-chambered heart 
A) scales 
B) jaws 
C) vertebrae 
D) dorsal, hollow nerve cord 
E) four-chambered heart

Question 18

The following questions refer to the description below.
Terry catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that, attached to its flank, there is an equally long, snakelike organism. The attached organism has no external segmentation, no scales, a round mouth surrounded by a sucker and two small eyes. Terry thinks it might be a marine leech, a hagfish, or a lamprey.
-What do hagfishes and lampreys have in common with the extinct conodonts?

Accepted Answer

A) lungs 
B) the jawless condition 
C) bony vertebrae 
D) their mode of feeding 
E) swim bladders 
A) lungs 
B) the jawless condition 
C) bony vertebrae 
D) their mode of feeding 
E) swim bladders

Question 19

In which of these extant classes did jaws occur earliest?

Accepted Answer

A) lampreys 
B) chondrichthyans 
C) ray-finned fishes 
D) lungfishes 
E) placoderms 
A) lampreys 
B) chondrichthyans 
C) ray-finned fishes 
D) lungfishes 
E) placoderms

Question 20

Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Modern humans are the only human species to have evolved on Earth. 
B) Human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees. 
C) Human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage. 
D) The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved simultaneously. 
E) Fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were arboreal, and cat-sized. 
A) Modern humans are the only human species to have evolved on Earth. 
B) Human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees. 
C) Human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage. 
D) The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved simultaneously. 
E) Fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were arboreal, and cat-sized.

Exam 34: Vertebrates

This is a gene linked to the development of speech in hominids:

What should be True of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?

The following questions refer to the phylogenetic tree shown in Figure 34.1. -Which pair of numbers represents extinct reptiles that had returned to an aquatic life?

Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their development?

What is one characteristic that separates chordates from all other animals?

All of these might have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans, except

Vertebrates and tunicates share

For the following items, match the extant vertebrate groups with the descriptions. -No urinary bladder, females with one ovary, no teeth

Which of the following are considered hominoids?

Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates?

In which of these extant classes did jaws occur earliest?

Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and the Fitness of the Environment

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification: a Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity Ii: the Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Invertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology

Filters