Question 1

Which of the following is not required for a behavioural trait to evolve by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) In each individual, the form of the behaviour is determined entirely by genes. 
B) The behaviour varies among individuals. 
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behaviour is performed. 
D) Some component of the behaviour is genetically inherited. 
E) An individual's genotype influences its behavioural phenotype. 
A) In each individual, the form of the behaviour is determined entirely by genes. 
B) The behaviour varies among individuals. 
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behaviour is performed. 
D) Some component of the behaviour is genetically inherited. 
E) An individual's genotype influences its behavioural phenotype.

Question 2

Pair-bonding in a population of prairie voles can be prevented by

Accepted Answer

A) the ensuing confusion caused by introducing meadow voles. 
B) administering a drug that inhibits the brain receptor for vasopressin in the central nervous system of males. 
C) administering a drug that turns on ADH receptor sites in male voles. 
D) dying the coat colour from brown to blond in either male or female prairie voles. 
E) allowing the population size to reach critically low levels. 
A) the ensuing confusion caused by introducing meadow voles. 
B) administering a drug that inhibits the brain receptor for vasopressin in the central nervous system of males. 
C) administering a drug that turns on ADH receptor sites in male voles. 
D) dying the coat colour from brown to blond in either male or female prairie voles. 
E) allowing the population size to reach critically low levels.

Question 3

Research has shown that nocturnal animals navigate using

Accepted Answer

A) olfactory cues. 
B) the North Star. 
C) the moon. 
D) landmarks. 
E) gravity. 
A) olfactory cues. 
B) the North Star. 
C) the moon. 
D) landmarks. 
E) gravity.

Question 4

Displays of nocturnal mammals are usually

Accepted Answer

A) visual and auditory. 
B) tactile and visual. 
C) olfactory and auditory. 
D) visual and olfactory. 
E) tactile and auditory. 
A) visual and auditory. 
B) tactile and visual. 
C) olfactory and auditory. 
D) visual and olfactory. 
E) tactile and auditory.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about certainty of paternity?

Accepted Answer

A) Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B) Certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C) Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D) Certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization. 
E) Paternal behaviour exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection. 
A) Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B) Certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C) Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D) Certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization. 
E) Paternal behaviour exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection.

Question 6

The colour of throats of males in a population of side-blotched lizards is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype. 
B) ambient temperature-blue = cold; orange = normal; yellow = hot. 
C) stage of development/maturity. 
D) their receptiveness to mate. 
E) the success of the mating behaviour of each of the throat colour phenotypes. 
A) the frequency of homozygous recessive genotype. 
B) ambient temperature-blue = cold; orange = normal; yellow = hot. 
C) stage of development/maturity. 
D) their receptiveness to mate. 
E) the success of the mating behaviour of each of the throat colour phenotypes.

Question 7

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear precocious young?

Accepted Answer

A) Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. 
B) Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as each female deems worthy to share her genes with in reproduction. 
C) Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females. 
D) Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. 
E) Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons. 
A) Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. 
B) Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as each female deems worthy to share her genes with in reproduction. 
C) Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females. 
D) Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. 
E) Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons.

Question 8

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts,members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts.The likely explanation is that

Accepted Answer

A) the behavioural difference is caused by genetic differences between populations. 
B) members of different populations have different nutritional requirements. 
C) the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations. 
D) members of different populations differ in learning ability. 
E) members of different populations differ in manual dexterity. 
A) the behavioural difference is caused by genetic differences between populations. 
B) members of different populations have different nutritional requirements. 
C) the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations. 
D) members of different populations differ in learning ability. 
E) members of different populations differ in manual dexterity.

Question 9

-In the territorial behaviour of the stickleback fish,the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as

Accepted Answer

A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus. 
A) a pheromone. 
B) a sign stimulus. 
C) a fixed action pattern. 
D) a search image. 
E) an imprint stimulus.

Question 10

-What was the main reason the honeybees switched from the "round dance" to the "waggle dance"?

Accepted Answer

A) The waggle dance communicates the presence of nectar. 
B) The preferred food source was farther away. 
C) The round dance uses too much energy. 
D) The round dance did not communicate the quality of the food. 
E) The waggle dance communicates the amount of nectar available. 
A) The waggle dance communicates the presence of nectar. 
B) The preferred food source was farther away. 
C) The round dance uses too much energy. 
D) The round dance did not communicate the quality of the food. 
E) The waggle dance communicates the amount of nectar available.

Question 11

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning takes longer. 
B) operant conditioning usually involves more intelligence. 
C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animal's behaviour. 
D) classical conditioning is restricted to mammals and birds. 
E) classical conditioning is much more useful for training domestic animals. 
A) classical conditioning takes longer. 
B) operant conditioning usually involves more intelligence. 
C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animal's behaviour. 
D) classical conditioning is restricted to mammals and birds. 
E) classical conditioning is much more useful for training domestic animals.

Question 12

The proximate causes of behaviour are interactions with the environment,but behaviour is ultimately shaped by

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) evolution. 
C) sexuality. 
D) pheromones. 
E) the nervous system. 
A) hormones. 
B) evolution. 
C) sexuality. 
D) pheromones. 
E) the nervous system.

Question 13

In the evolution of whelk-eating behaviour in crows,which of the following was optimized through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) the average number of drops required to break the shell 
B) the average height a bird flew to drop a shell 
C) the average total energy used to break shells 
D) the average size of the shells dropped by the birds 
E) the average thickness of the shells dropped by the birds 
A) the average number of drops required to break the shell 
B) the average height a bird flew to drop a shell 
C) the average total energy used to break shells 
D) the average size of the shells dropped by the birds 
E) the average thickness of the shells dropped by the birds

Question 14

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red colouring.What animal behaviour idea is manifested by this observation?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Question 15

-From the figure above,what can we determine about the location of the food source?

Accepted Answer

A) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is directly under the hive. 
B) The waggle dance in the bottom figure indicates that the food is to the west of the hive. 
C) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is close to the hive. 
D) The waggle dance in the bottom figure indicates that the food is 90 degrees to the right of the Sun. 
E) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is directly above the hive. 
A) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is directly under the hive. 
B) The waggle dance in the bottom figure indicates that the food is to the west of the hive. 
C) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is close to the hive. 
D) The waggle dance in the bottom figure indicates that the food is 90 degrees to the right of the Sun. 
E) The waggle dance in the top figure indicates that the food is directly above the hive.

Question 16

Every morning at the same time,John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish.After a few weeks,he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) cognition. 
B) imprinting. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) maturation. 
A) cognition. 
B) imprinting. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) maturation.

Question 17

A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn.What term best applies to this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Imagine that your house has caught fire.It is only yourself and your full-sibling brother in the house since your parents are gone on vacation.After escaping the house,you cannot find your brother and decide he must still be inside.There is a 25% chance that you will not survive the fire,and you each will produce two offspring each should you survive.
-Hamilton's Rule predicts that

Accepted Answer

A) C = 1. 
B) rB = 2. 
C) the cost of saving your brother outweighs the benefit. 
D) rB = 0.5. 
E) the benefits outweigh the cost and you attempt to save your brother. 
A) C = 1. 
B) rB = 2. 
C) the cost of saving your brother outweighs the benefit. 
D) rB = 0.5. 
E) the benefits outweigh the cost and you attempt to save your brother.

Question 19

After eating a brightly coloured frog for the first time and subsequently vomiting,a bird learns not to eat brightly coloured frogs.This avoidance is due to

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) spatial learning. 
D) imprinting. 
E) social learning. 
A) associative learning. 
B) cognitive learning. 
C) spatial learning. 
D) imprinting. 
E) social learning.

Question 20

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called

Accepted Answer

A) a sign stimulus. 
B) an inducer. 
C) a pheromone. 
D) an imprinter. 
E) an agonistic promoter. 
A) a sign stimulus. 
B) an inducer. 
C) a pheromone. 
D) an imprinter. 
E) an agonistic promoter.

Exam 51: Animal Behaviour

Which of the following is not required for a behavioural trait to evolve by natural selection?

Pair-bonding in a population of prairie voles can be prevented by

Research has shown that nocturnal animals navigate using

Displays of nocturnal mammals are usually

Which of the following statements is true about certainty of paternity?

The colour of throats of males in a population of side-blotched lizards is determined by

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear precocious young?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts,members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts.The likely explanation is that

-In the territorial behaviour of the stickleback fish,the red belly of one male that elicits attack from another male is functioning as

-What was the main reason the honeybees switched from the "round dance" to the "waggle dance"?

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that

The proximate causes of behaviour are interactions with the environment,but behaviour is ultimately shaped by

In the evolution of whelk-eating behaviour in crows,which of the following was optimized through natural selection?

A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red colouring.What animal behaviour idea is manifested by this observation?

-From the figure above,what can we determine about the location of the food source?

Every morning at the same time,John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish.After a few weeks,he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room.This is an example of

A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn.What term best applies to this behaviour?

After eating a brightly coloured frog for the first time and subsequently vomiting,a bird learns not to eat brightly coloured frogs.This avoidance is due to

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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