Question 1

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

Accepted Answer

A) population density. 
B) territoriality. 
C) certainty of paternity. 
D) sexual dimorphism. 
E) None of the options is correct. 
A) population density. 
B) territoriality. 
C) certainty of paternity. 
D) sexual dimorphism. 
E) None of the options is correct.

Question 2

The central concept of sociobiology is that

Accepted Answer

A) human behaviour is rigidly predetermined. 
B) the behaviour of an individual cannot be modified. 
C) human behaviour consists mainly of fixed action patterns. 
D) most aspects of our social behaviour have an evolutionary basis. 
E) the social behaviour of humans is homologous to the social behaviour of other social animals. 
A) human behaviour is rigidly predetermined. 
B) the behaviour of an individual cannot be modified. 
C) human behaviour consists mainly of fixed action patterns. 
D) most aspects of our social behaviour have an evolutionary basis. 
E) the social behaviour of humans is homologous to the social behaviour of other social animals.

Question 3

Scientists believe that the direction birds go when migrating is guided in part by
I.the stars in the night sky.
II.the Sun during the day.
III.the magnetic field of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only II and III 
E) I, II, and III 
A) only I 
B) only II 
C) only III 
D) only II and III 
E) I, II, and III

Question 4

Female spotted sandpipers aggressively court males and,after mating,leave the clutch of young for the male to incubate.This sequence may be repeated several times with different males until no available males remain,forcing the female to incubate her last clutch.Which of the following terms best describes this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) monogamy 
B) polygyny 
C) polyandry 
D) promiscuity 
E) certainty of paternity 
A) monogamy 
B) polygyny 
C) polyandry 
D) promiscuity 
E) certainty of paternity

Question 5

Circannual rhythms in birds are influenced by

Accepted Answer

A) periods of food availability. 
B) reproductive readiness. 
C) periods of daylight and darkness. 
D) magnetic fields. 
E) lunar cycles. 
A) periods of food availability. 
B) reproductive readiness. 
C) periods of daylight and darkness. 
D) magnetic fields. 
E) lunar cycles.

Question 6

According to Hamilton's rule

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection does not favour altruistic behaviour that causes the death of the altruist. 
B) natural selection favours altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C) natural selection is more likely to favour altruistic behaviour that benefits an offspring than altruistic behaviour that benefits a sibling. 
D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals. 
E) altruism is always reciprocal. 
A) natural selection does not favour altruistic behaviour that causes the death of the altruist. 
B) natural selection favours altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist. 
C) natural selection is more likely to favour altruistic behaviour that benefits an offspring than altruistic behaviour that benefits a sibling. 
D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals. 
E) altruism is always reciprocal.

Question 7

Animals use pheromones to communicate

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive readiness. 
B) species recognition. 
C) gender recognition. 
D) danger. 
E) All options are correct. 
A) reproductive readiness. 
B) species recognition. 
C) gender recognition. 
D) danger. 
E) All options are correct.

Question 8

Learning in which an associated stimulus may be used to elicit the same behavioural response as the original sign stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A) concept formation. 
B) trial and error. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) cognition. 
A) concept formation. 
B) trial and error. 
C) classical conditioning. 
D) operant conditioning. 
E) cognition.

Question 9

Which of the following does not have a coefficient of relatedness of 0.5?

Accepted Answer

A) a father to his daughter 
B) a mother to her son 
C) an uncle to his nephew 
D) a brother to his brother 
E) a sister to her brother 
A) a father to his daughter 
B) a mother to her son 
C) an uncle to his nephew 
D) a brother to his brother 
E) a sister to her brother

Question 10

Which of the following shows the adaptive significance of cognitive mapping to animals that employ this type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases the ability to visually recognize landmarks. 
B) Cognitive maps reduce the amount of detail required to remember the location of an object in the animal's environment. 
C) Animals can locate essential locations in their environment, such as nests, hazards, and feeding areas. 
D) Animals can outmanoeuvre predators by planning and memorizing getaway routes. 
E) Animals can determine their position relative to landmarks by a triangulation process. 
A) It increases the ability to visually recognize landmarks. 
B) Cognitive maps reduce the amount of detail required to remember the location of an object in the animal's environment. 
C) Animals can locate essential locations in their environment, such as nests, hazards, and feeding areas. 
D) Animals can outmanoeuvre predators by planning and memorizing getaway routes. 
E) Animals can determine their position relative to landmarks by a triangulation process.

Question 11

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behaviour.Match the letter of the correct term (A-E)to each example in the following questions.
A.operant conditioning
B.agonistic behaviour
C innate behaviour
D.imprinting
E.altruistic behaviour
-A human baby performs a sucking behaviour perfectly when it is put in the presence of the nipple of its mother's breast.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

How do altruistic behaviours arise through natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) By his/her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. 
B) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of his/her risky behaviour. 
C) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behaviour genes to future generations. 
D) Altruistic behaviours lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) By his/her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. 
B) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of his/her risky behaviour. 
C) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behaviour genes to future generations. 
D) Altruistic behaviours lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 13

Infant vervet monkeys give indiscriminate alarm calls after sighting a potential predator; however,this skill becomes fine-tuned after social learning takes place.The response elicited by the infants before learning takes place indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) alarm calls are enhanced by spatial learning. 
B) the infants cannot see very well. 
C) alarm calls are an innate behaviour. 
D) the infants have passed the sensitive period. 
E) they do not depend on social learning. 
A) alarm calls are enhanced by spatial learning. 
B) the infants cannot see very well. 
C) alarm calls are an innate behaviour. 
D) the infants have passed the sensitive period. 
E) they do not depend on social learning.

Question 14

Which of the following might affect the foraging behaviour of an animal in the context of optimal foraging?

Accepted Answer

A) risk of predation 
B) prey size 
C) prey defences 
D) prey density 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) risk of predation 
B) prey size 
C) prey defences 
D) prey density 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 15

In guppies,females may copy the mate choice of conspecifics even if it means choosing a male with less extensive orange colouration than would be chosen with no female present.This decision may increase

Accepted Answer

A) the number of resulting offspring. 
B) paternal care of offspring. 
C) ornamentation of offspring. 
D) the probability of fitness of male offspring. 
E) male competition for mates. 
A) the number of resulting offspring. 
B) paternal care of offspring. 
C) ornamentation of offspring. 
D) the probability of fitness of male offspring. 
E) male competition for mates.

Question 16

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

Accepted Answer

A) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C) performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E) varying wing vibration frequency. 
A) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C) performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E) varying wing vibration frequency.

Question 17

What is the normal imprinting stimulus to a hatchling graylag goose?

Accepted Answer

A) an image of a model of an adult graylag goose 
B) a nearby object that is moving away 
C) recognition of its biological mother 
D) any other adult of its own species 
E) any human 
A) an image of a model of an adult graylag goose 
B) a nearby object that is moving away 
C) recognition of its biological mother 
D) any other adult of its own species 
E) any human

Question 18

Upon returning to its hive,a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the location of a nearby food source it has discovered by

Accepted Answer

A) vibrating its wings at varying frequencies. 
B) performing a round dance. 
C) performing a waggle dance. 
D) visual cues. 
E) All options are correct. 
A) vibrating its wings at varying frequencies. 
B) performing a round dance. 
C) performing a waggle dance. 
D) visual cues. 
E) All options are correct.

Question 19

What is the lizard's bobbing dewlap (a colorful flap of skin hanging from an Anolis lizard's throat)is an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) reflex 
C) signal 
D) innate releasing mechanism 
E) response 
A) stimulus 
B) reflex 
C) signal 
D) innate releasing mechanism 
E) response

Question 20

A guinea pig loves the lettuce kept in the refrigerator and squeals each time the refrigerator door opens.What term best applies to this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning 
A) sign stimulus 
B) cognition 
C) imprinting 
D) classical conditioning 
E) operant conditioning

Exam 51: Animal Behaviour

The evolution of mating systems is most likely affected by

The central concept of sociobiology is that

Scientists believe that the direction birds go when migrating is guided in part by I.the stars in the night sky. II.the Sun during the day. III.the magnetic field of the Earth.

Circannual rhythms in birds are influenced by

According to Hamilton's rule

Animals use pheromones to communicate

Learning in which an associated stimulus may be used to elicit the same behavioural response as the original sign stimulus is called

Which of the following does not have a coefficient of relatedness of 0.5?

Which of the following shows the adaptive significance of cognitive mapping to animals that employ this type of learning?

How do altruistic behaviours arise through natural selection?

Infant vervet monkeys give indiscriminate alarm calls after sighting a potential predator; however,this skill becomes fine-tuned after social learning takes place.The response elicited by the infants before learning takes place indicates that

Which of the following might affect the foraging behaviour of an animal in the context of optimal foraging?

In guppies,females may copy the mate choice of conspecifics even if it means choosing a male with less extensive orange colouration than would be chosen with no female present.This decision may increase

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

What is the normal imprinting stimulus to a hatchling graylag goose?

Upon returning to its hive,a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the location of a nearby food source it has discovered by

What is the lizard's bobbing dewlap (a colorful flap of skin hanging from an Anolis lizard's throat)is an example of?

A guinea pig loves the lettuce kept in the refrigerator and squeals each time the refrigerator door opens.What term best applies to this behaviour?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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