Question 1

Which of the following is true about imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. 
B) It happens to many adult animals, but not to their young. 
C) It is a type of learning that does not involve innate behaviour. 
D) It occurs only in birds. 
E) It causes behaviours that last for only a short time (the sensitive period). 
A) It may be triggered by visual or chemical stimuli. 
B) It happens to many adult animals, but not to their young. 
C) It is a type of learning that does not involve innate behaviour. 
D) It occurs only in birds. 
E) It causes behaviours that last for only a short time (the sensitive period).

Question 2

Which of the following examples describes a behavioural pattern that results from a proximate cause?

Accepted Answer

A) A cat kills a mouse to obtain nutrition. 
B) A male sheep fights with another male because it helps to improve its social position. 
C) A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day. 
D) A goose squats and freezes motionless to escape a predator. 
E) A cockroach runs into a crack in the wall and avoids being stepped on. 
A) A cat kills a mouse to obtain nutrition. 
B) A male sheep fights with another male because it helps to improve its social position. 
C) A female bird lays its eggs because the amount of daylight is decreasing slightly each day. 
D) A goose squats and freezes motionless to escape a predator. 
E) A cockroach runs into a crack in the wall and avoids being stepped on.

Question 3

Which of the following experiments best addresses the hypothesis that moths stop flying in response to high-intensity bat sounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Isolate and characterize the neurons that control flight muscle. 
B) Play prerecorded high-intensity bat sounds to flying moths. 
C) Observe responses of moths to bats in nature. 
D) Put bats and moths in an enclosure and make detailed observations of predator-prey interactions. 
E) See if the moths will fly towards a bright light source. 
A) Isolate and characterize the neurons that control flight muscle. 
B) Play prerecorded high-intensity bat sounds to flying moths. 
C) Observe responses of moths to bats in nature. 
D) Put bats and moths in an enclosure and make detailed observations of predator-prey interactions. 
E) See if the moths will fly towards a bright light source.

Question 4

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top,through which the sound of a female mosquito is played.All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation.What is the best explanation for this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation. 
A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. 
B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a display of altruistic behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Richardson's ground squirrel emitting an alarm call to unaware neighbours 
B) worker honeybee stinging an intruder and subsequently dying 
C) non-reproductive naked mole rat protecting the queen from predation 
D) vervet monkey alarm calling when spotting an eagle 
E) green lacewing producing a hybrid courtship song 
A) Richardson's ground squirrel emitting an alarm call to unaware neighbours 
B) worker honeybee stinging an intruder and subsequently dying 
C) non-reproductive naked mole rat protecting the queen from predation 
D) vervet monkey alarm calling when spotting an eagle 
E) green lacewing producing a hybrid courtship song

Question 6

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Accepted Answer

A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behaviour. 
A) have excess energy reserves. 
B) are bigger and stronger than the other animals. 
C) are usually related to the other animals. 
D) are always male. 
E) have defective genes controlling their behaviour.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
Two populations of the highly ornamented white-crested sparrow species are spatially separated by a mountain range.Males from the two populations exhibit differing elaborate courtship displays.When a female appears,the males from the eastern population approach the female while bobbing their heads and spreading their wings,while the western population approaches a female by hopping and flapping their wings.Individuals from each population reared in isolation exhibited the same courtship displays as those in the wild.
-After mating a female from the eastern population to a male from the western population,the resulting male offspring exhibited a hybrid courtship display,bobbing their heads and flapping their wings.This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) courtship displays are a result of environmental pressures. 
B) the elicited courtship display depends on female response. 
C) courtship displays are under the control of more than one gene. 
D) courtship displays are a learned behaviour. 
E) associative learning is involved in courtship displays. 
A) courtship displays are a result of environmental pressures. 
B) the elicited courtship display depends on female response. 
C) courtship displays are under the control of more than one gene. 
D) courtship displays are a learned behaviour. 
E) associative learning is involved in courtship displays.

Question 8

In testing a hypothesis that "territorial defense in European robins is a fixed action pattern that is released by the sight of orange feathers," researchers found that robins defended their territory by attacking anything that was of similar size and had an orange patch.What experiment would you perform next to determine that the color initiated the defense response?

Accepted Answer

A) Repeat the experiment using a blue patch instead of an orange patch. 
B) Repeat the experiment by removing the patch completely. 
C) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that was twice the size of a normal robin but with a small orange patch. 
D) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that had an orange patch that was twice the size of a normal patch. 
A) Repeat the experiment using a blue patch instead of an orange patch. 
B) Repeat the experiment by removing the patch completely. 
C) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that was twice the size of a normal robin but with a small orange patch. 
D) Repeat the experiment by using a model of a robin that had an orange patch that was twice the size of a normal patch.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of a fixed action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) honey-bee waggle dance 
B) aggressive response to the colour red in the threespine stickleback 
C) courtship behaviour of the fruit fly 
D) a dog begging for food 
E) the mating dance of the male bird of paradise 
A) honey-bee waggle dance 
B) aggressive response to the colour red in the threespine stickleback 
C) courtship behaviour of the fruit fly 
D) a dog begging for food 
E) the mating dance of the male bird of paradise

Question 10

The fru gene in fruit flies

Accepted Answer

A) controls sex-specific development in the fruit fly. 
B) is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes. 
C) can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviours. 
D) programs males for appropriate courtship behaviours. 
E) All of the options are correct. 
A) controls sex-specific development in the fruit fly. 
B) is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes. 
C) can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviours. 
D) programs males for appropriate courtship behaviours. 
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 11

-The behaviour of most animals is influenced by the periods of daylight and darkness in the environment.Fiddler crabs' courtship behaviours are instead synchronized by the 29 1/2-day cycle of the moon.What is the adaptive significance of using lunar cues?

Accepted Answer

A) The fiddler crab courtship ritual is highly visual so individuals need the light of the full moon to be able to observe courtship displays. 
B) Egg maturation in fiddler crab females takes 29 1/2 days. 
C) By courting at full and new moon, fiddler crabs link their reproduction to times of highest tides that disperse larvae to safer, deeper waters. 
D) The algae that larval fiddler crabs consume for energy and metabolism blooms on a monthly cycle, so recently hatched larvae have plenty to eat during a crucial time of their life. 
E) It takes about 29 days for a fiddler crab to reach sexual maturity. 
A) The fiddler crab courtship ritual is highly visual so individuals need the light of the full moon to be able to observe courtship displays. 
B) Egg maturation in fiddler crab females takes 29 1/2 days. 
C) By courting at full and new moon, fiddler crabs link their reproduction to times of highest tides that disperse larvae to safer, deeper waters. 
D) The algae that larval fiddler crabs consume for energy and metabolism blooms on a monthly cycle, so recently hatched larvae have plenty to eat during a crucial time of their life. 
E) It takes about 29 days for a fiddler crab to reach sexual maturity.

Exam 51: Animal Behaviour

Which of the following is true about imprinting?

Which of the following examples describes a behavioural pattern that results from a proximate cause?

Which of the following experiments best addresses the hypothesis that moths stop flying in response to high-intensity bat sounds?

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top,through which the sound of a female mosquito is played.All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation.What is the best explanation for this behaviour?

Which of the following is not a display of altruistic behaviour?

Animals that help other animals of the same species

Which of the following is not an example of a fixed action pattern?

The fru gene in fruit flies

-The behaviour of most animals is influenced by the periods of daylight and darkness in the environment.Fiddler crabs' courtship behaviours are instead synchronized by the 29 1/2-day cycle of the moon.What is the adaptive significance of using lunar cues?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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