Question 1

The yolk of the frog egg

Accepted Answer

A) prevents gastrulation. 
B) is concentrated at the animal pole. 
C) is homogeneously arranged in the egg. 
D) impedes the formation of a primitive streak. 
E) supports the higher rate of cleavage at the animal pole compared to the vegetal pole. 
A) prevents gastrulation. 
B) is concentrated at the animal pole. 
C) is homogeneously arranged in the egg. 
D) impedes the formation of a primitive streak. 
E) supports the higher rate of cleavage at the animal pole compared to the vegetal pole.

Question 2

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

Accepted Answer

A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg. 
A) is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) is first visible only when organogenesis is nearly completed. 
E) is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg.

Question 3

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of

Accepted Answer

A) the lip of the blastopore in the frog. 
B) the archenteron in a frog. 
C) polar bodies in a sea urchin. 
D) the notochord in a mammal. 
E) neural crest cells in a mammal. 
A) the lip of the blastopore in the frog. 
B) the archenteron in a frog. 
C) polar bodies in a sea urchin. 
D) the notochord in a mammal. 
E) neural crest cells in a mammal.

Question 4

What is an animal called when the mouth develops from the first opening in the embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) protosome 
B) deuterostome 
C) archenteron 
D) invagination 
E) chordate 
A) protosome 
B) deuterostome 
C) archenteron 
D) invagination 
E) chordate

Question 5

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Accepted Answer

A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 6

Even in the absence of sperm,metabolic activity in an egg can be artificially activated by

Accepted Answer

A) abnormally high levels of carbonic acid in the cytosol. 
B) abnormally low levels of extracellular oxygen. 
C) injection of calcium ions into the cytosol. 
D) exposure to the low pH of the uterus. 
E) depletion of its ATP supplies. 
A) abnormally high levels of carbonic acid in the cytosol. 
B) abnormally low levels of extracellular oxygen. 
C) injection of calcium ions into the cytosol. 
D) exposure to the low pH of the uterus. 
E) depletion of its ATP supplies.

Question 7

An open space within the gastrula is the

Accepted Answer

A) ectoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) archenteron. 
D) endoderm. 
E) neural crest cells. 
A) ectoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) archenteron. 
D) endoderm. 
E) neural crest cells.

Question 8

In all vertebrate animals,development requires

Accepted Answer

A) a large supply of yolk. 
B) an aqueous environment. 
C) extraembryonic membranes. 
D) an amnion. 
E) a primitive streak. 
A) a large supply of yolk. 
B) an aqueous environment. 
C) extraembryonic membranes. 
D) an amnion. 
E) a primitive streak.

Question 9

Assume that successful reproduction in a rare salamander species,wherein all individuals are females,relies on those females having access to sperm from males of another species but that the resulting embryos show no signs of a genetic contribution from the sperm.In this case,the sperm appear to be used only for

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell.

Question 10

Uterine implantation due to enzymatic digestion of the endometrium is initiated by the

Accepted Answer

A) inner cell mass. 
B) endoderm. 
C) chorion. 
D) mesoderm. 
E) trophoblast. 
A) inner cell mass. 
B) endoderm. 
C) chorion. 
D) mesoderm. 
E) trophoblast.

Question 11

If gastrulation were blocked by an environmental toxin,then

Accepted Answer

A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) the blastopore would form above the grey crescent in the animal pole. 
A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) the blastopore would form above the grey crescent in the animal pole.

Question 12

The vegetal pole of the zygote differs from the animal pole in that

Accepted Answer

A) the vegetal pole has a higher concentration of yolk. 
B) the blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole. 
C) the posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole. 
D) the vegetal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis. 
E) the polar bodies bud from this region. 
A) the vegetal pole has a higher concentration of yolk. 
B) the blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole. 
C) the posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole. 
D) the vegetal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis. 
E) the polar bodies bud from this region.

Question 13

At the time of implantation,the human embryo is called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote. 
A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) somite. 
E) zygote.

Question 14

Which of the following is correct regarding the plasma membrane of the sea urchin egg?

Accepted Answer

A) The plasma membrane is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) The plasma membrane releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) The plasma membrane has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) The plasma membrane is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg. 
E) The plasma membrane contains cortical granules. 
A) The plasma membrane is outside of the fertilization membrane. 
B) The plasma membrane releases calcium, which initiates the cortical reaction. 
C) The plasma membrane has receptor molecules that are specific for binding acrosomal proteins. 
D) The plasma membrane is a mesh of proteins crossing through the cytosol of the egg. 
E) The plasma membrane contains cortical granules.

Question 15

During metamorphosis,what process reduces the size of a tadpoles tail?

Accepted Answer

A) regeneration 
B) apoptosis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) re-differentiation 
E) invagination 
A) regeneration 
B) apoptosis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) re-differentiation 
E) invagination

Question 16

Thalidomide,now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy,was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy.Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities,suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Accepted Answer

A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis. 
A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis.

Question 17

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Scientific studies have shown that ectrodactyly,a condition involving deficient or absent digits on the hand or foot,may be caused by a defect in the apical ectodermal ridge of an embryo's limb bud.
-This condition affects development in which axis?

Accepted Answer

A) proximal-distal 
B) left-right 
C) anterior-posterior 
D) dorsal-ventral 
E) transverse 
A) proximal-distal 
B) left-right 
C) anterior-posterior 
D) dorsal-ventral 
E) transverse

Question 18

Embryonic induction,the influence of one group of cells on another group of cells,plays a critical role in embryonic development.In 1924,Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold transplanted a piece of tissue that influences the formation of the notochord and neural tube,from the dorsal lip of an amphibian embryo to the ventral side of another amphibian embryo.If embryonic induction occurred,which of the following observations justifies the claim of embryonic induction?

Accepted Answer

A) The transplanted tissue induced multiple limbs to develop on the ventral side of the recipient embryo. 
B) The transplanted tissue inhibited normal cell division on the dorsal side of the recipient embryo that lead to its death. 
C) The transplanted tissue had no effect on either the ventral or dorsal side of the recipient embryo so it continued to develop normally. 
D) The transplanted tissue induced the formation of a second notochord and neural tube on the ventral side of the developing embryo. 
E) The transplanted tissue caused a second embryo to form. 
A) The transplanted tissue induced multiple limbs to develop on the ventral side of the recipient embryo. 
B) The transplanted tissue inhibited normal cell division on the dorsal side of the recipient embryo that lead to its death. 
C) The transplanted tissue had no effect on either the ventral or dorsal side of the recipient embryo so it continued to develop normally. 
D) The transplanted tissue induced the formation of a second notochord and neural tube on the ventral side of the developing embryo. 
E) The transplanted tissue caused a second embryo to form.

Question 19

The archenteron of the developing frog eventually develops into the

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive organs. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) heart and lungs. 
D) digestive tract. 
E) brain and spinal cord. 
A) reproductive organs. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) heart and lungs. 
D) digestive tract. 
E) brain and spinal cord.

Question 20

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Accepted Answer

A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation. 
A) determination. 
B) cleavage. 
C) fertilization. 
D) induction. 
E) gastrulation.

Exam 47: Animal Development

The yolk of the frog egg

The vitelline layer of the sea urchin egg

The primitive streak in a bird is the functional equivalent of

What is an animal called when the mouth develops from the first opening in the embryo?

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Even in the absence of sperm,metabolic activity in an egg can be artificially activated by

An open space within the gastrula is the

In all vertebrate animals,development requires

Uterine implantation due to enzymatic digestion of the endometrium is initiated by the

If gastrulation were blocked by an environmental toxin,then

The vegetal pole of the zygote differs from the animal pole in that

At the time of implantation,the human embryo is called a

Which of the following is correct regarding the plasma membrane of the sea urchin egg?

During metamorphosis,what process reduces the size of a tadpoles tail?

Thalidomide,now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy,was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy.Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities,suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

The archenteron of the developing frog eventually develops into the

Cells move to new positions as an embryo establishes its three germ tissue layers during

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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