Question 1

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus. 
A) nucleus. 
B) cytoskeleton. 
C) extracellular matrix. 
D) transport proteins. 
E) nucleolus.

Question 2

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

Accepted Answer

A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins. 
A) sea urchins, but not humans or birds. 
B) humans, but not sea urchins or birds. 
C) birds, but not sea urchins or humans. 
D) both sea urchins and birds, but not humans. 
E) both humans and birds, but not sea urchins.

Question 3

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Scientific studies have shown that ectrodactyly,a condition involving deficient or absent digits on the hand or foot,may be caused by a defect in the apical ectodermal ridge of an embryo's limb bud.
-Assume that ectrodactyly results from a deficiency in secretion of signal proteins.What would happen if fibroblast growth factor were applied to the AER during limb formation?

Accepted Answer

A) All limb buds would cease further growth. 
B) The limb bud would be reabsorbed. 
C) The limb bud would remain the same. 
D) The limb would grow to half its normal size. 
E) A nearly normal limb would grow. 
A) All limb buds would cease further growth. 
B) The limb bud would be reabsorbed. 
C) The limb bud would remain the same. 
D) The limb would grow to half its normal size. 
E) A nearly normal limb would grow.

Question 4

The pattern of embryonic development in which only the cells lacking yolk subsequently undergo cleavage is called

Accepted Answer

A) arcadian development, which is typical of insects. 
B) holoblastic development, which is typical of marsupial mammals. 
C) meroblastic development, which is typical of humans. 
D) holoblastic development, which is typical of amphibians. 
E) meroblastic development, which is typical of birds. 
A) arcadian development, which is typical of insects. 
B) holoblastic development, which is typical of marsupial mammals. 
C) meroblastic development, which is typical of humans. 
D) holoblastic development, which is typical of amphibians. 
E) meroblastic development, which is typical of birds.

Question 5

During fertilization,the acrosomal contents

Accepted Answer

A) block polyspermy. 
B) help propel more sperm toward the egg. 
C) digest the protective jelly coat on the surface of the egg. 
D) nourish the mitochondria of the sperm. 
E) trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm. 
A) block polyspermy. 
B) help propel more sperm toward the egg. 
C) digest the protective jelly coat on the surface of the egg. 
D) nourish the mitochondria of the sperm. 
E) trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm.

Question 6

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

Accepted Answer

A) bird. 
B) fish. 
C) frog. 
D) eutherian (placental)mammal. 
E) reptile. 
A) bird. 
B) fish. 
C) frog. 
D) eutherian (placental)mammal. 
E) reptile.

Question 7

A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is

Accepted Answer

A) the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization. 
B) sea urchin eggs are produced by meiosis, but human eggs are produced by mitosis. 
C) sea urchin eggs and sperm are of equal size, but human eggs are much bigger than human sperm. 
D) sea urchins, but not humans, have a need to block polyspermy because only in sea urchins can there be more than one source of sperm to fertilize the eggs. 
E) sea urchin zygotes get their mitochondria from the sperm but human zygotes get their mitochondria from the egg. 
A) the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization, but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization. 
B) sea urchin eggs are produced by meiosis, but human eggs are produced by mitosis. 
C) sea urchin eggs and sperm are of equal size, but human eggs are much bigger than human sperm. 
D) sea urchins, but not humans, have a need to block polyspermy because only in sea urchins can there be more than one source of sperm to fertilize the eggs. 
E) sea urchin zygotes get their mitochondria from the sperm but human zygotes get their mitochondria from the egg.

Question 8

As cleavage continues during frog development,the size of the blastomeres

Accepted Answer

A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
E) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same. 
A) increases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
B) increases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
C) decreases as the number of the blastomeres increases. 
D) decreases as the number of the blastomeres decreases. 
E) increases as the number of the blastomeres stays the same.

Question 9

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the grey crescent,then

Accepted Answer

A) the daughter cell with the entire grey crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the grey crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately. 
A) the daughter cell with the entire grey crescent will die. 
B) both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C) only the daughter cell with the grey crescent will develop normally. 
D) both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E) both daughter cells will die immediately.

Question 10

From earliest to latest,the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
B) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division 
C) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins 
D) first cell division → acrosomal reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division 
A) first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction 
B) cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → acrosomal reaction → first cell division 
C) cortical reaction → acrosomal reaction → first cell division → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins 
D) first cell division → acrosomal reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction → cortical reaction → synthesis of embryo's DNA begins → first cell division

Question 11

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Accepted Answer

A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below. 
A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below.

Question 12

Compared to sea urchin eggs,those of mammals

Accepted Answer

A) complete the fertilization process more rapidly. 
B) have not already completed meiosis at the time of ovulation. 
C) have a more distinct animal pole. 
D) have a more distinct vegetal pole. 
E) have no requirement for the cortical reaction. 
A) complete the fertilization process more rapidly. 
B) have not already completed meiosis at the time of ovulation. 
C) have a more distinct animal pole. 
D) have a more distinct vegetal pole. 
E) have no requirement for the cortical reaction.

Question 13

As an embryo develops,new cells are produced as the result of

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell division. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) epigenesis. 
A) differentiation. 
B) preformation. 
C) cell division. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) epigenesis.

Question 14

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction. 
A) mitosis. 
B) depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) the acrosomal reaction.

Question 15

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Imagine that you are a paleontologist and have discovered a 375-million-year-old transitional species between fish and the first legged animals.This species reveals that the evolution of hind legs began as enhanced hind fins.
-Which specialized structures evolved for use in terrestrial embryote development?
I.shelled eggs
II.motile sperm
III.uterus

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) I and III 
E) II and III

Question 16

An embryo with meroblastic cleavage,extraembryonic membranes,and a primitive streak must be that of

Accepted Answer

A) an insect. 
B) a fish. 
C) an amphibian. 
D) a bird. 
E) a sea urchin. 
A) an insect. 
B) a fish. 
C) an amphibian. 
D) a bird. 
E) a sea urchin.

Question 17

Contact of a sea urchin egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) acrosomal reaction. 
A) mitosis. 
B) membrane depolarization. 
C) apoptosis. 
D) vitellogenesis. 
E) acrosomal reaction.

Question 18

What process is initiated in neurons that fail to make connections?

Accepted Answer

A) regeneration 
B) apoptosis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) re-differentiation 
E) invagination 
A) regeneration 
B) apoptosis 
C) oxidative phosphorylation 
D) re-differentiation 
E) invagination

Question 19

Which of the following is the anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans?

Accepted Answer

A) right to left 
B) dorsal to ventral 
C) anterior to posterior 
D) animal to vegetal 
E) rostral to caudal 
A) right to left 
B) dorsal to ventral 
C) anterior to posterior 
D) animal to vegetal 
E) rostral to caudal

Question 20

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization. 
A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization.

Exam 47: Animal Development

Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the

Meroblastic cleavage occurs in

The pattern of embryonic development in which only the cells lacking yolk subsequently undergo cleavage is called

During fertilization,the acrosomal contents

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is

As cleavage continues during frog development,the size of the blastomeres

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the grey crescent,then

From earliest to latest,the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Compared to sea urchin eggs,those of mammals

As an embryo develops,new cells are produced as the result of

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

An embryo with meroblastic cleavage,extraembryonic membranes,and a primitive streak must be that of

Contact of a sea urchin egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief

What process is initiated in neurons that fail to make connections?

Which of the following is the anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans?

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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