Question 1

In sea urchins,the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy,respectively,are

Accepted Answer

A) the acrosomal reaction and the formation of egg white. 
B) the cortical reaction and the formation of yolk protein. 
C) the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline membrane. 
D) membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome. 
A) the acrosomal reaction and the formation of egg white. 
B) the cortical reaction and the formation of yolk protein. 
C) the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline membrane. 
D) membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome.

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos,researchers stained several early gastrulas with vital dyes and noted the locations of the dyes after gastrulation.The results are shown in the following table.
  
-The mesoderm was probably stained with a

Accepted Answer

A) blue colour. 
B) yellow colour. 
C) red colour. 
D) purple colour. 
E) green colour. 
A) blue colour. 
B) yellow colour. 
C) red colour. 
D) purple colour. 
E) green colour.

Question 3

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

Accepted Answer

A) mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B) birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C) lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D) mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E) mammals, birds, and lizards. 
A) mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B) birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C) lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D) mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E) mammals, birds, and lizards.

Question 4

In humans,identical twins are possible because

Accepted Answer

A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells. 
A) of the heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs. 
B) of interactions between extraembryonic cells and the zygote nucleus. 
C) of convergent extension. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.

Question 5

The term applied to a morphogenetic process whereby cells extend themselves,making the mass of the cells narrower and longer,is

Accepted Answer

A) convergent extension. 
B) induction. 
C) elongational streaming. 
D) bi-axial elongation. 
E) blastomere formation. 
A) convergent extension. 
B) induction. 
C) elongational streaming. 
D) bi-axial elongation. 
E) blastomere formation.

Question 6

What is the suggested reason for webbing between human embryonic digits?

Accepted Answer

A) Webbing between the fingers and toes is important for proper embryonic movement. 
B) Webbing is an evolutionary vestige that serves no purpose in the human embryo. 
C) Webbing ensures proper signal transduction in embryonic hands and feet. 
D) Webbing facilitates the transfer of oxygen between cells in embryonic hands and feet. 
E) Webbing assist with cell migration as embryonic hands and feet develop. 
A) Webbing between the fingers and toes is important for proper embryonic movement. 
B) Webbing is an evolutionary vestige that serves no purpose in the human embryo. 
C) Webbing ensures proper signal transduction in embryonic hands and feet. 
D) Webbing facilitates the transfer of oxygen between cells in embryonic hands and feet. 
E) Webbing assist with cell migration as embryonic hands and feet develop.

Question 7

In an egg cell treated with EDTA,a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions,the

Accepted Answer

A) acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E) zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes. 
A) acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B) fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C) fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D) fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E) zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 8

In mammalian eggs,the receptors for sperm are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg. 
A) fertilization membrane. 
B) zona pellucida. 
C) cytosol of the egg. 
D) nucleus of the egg. 
E) mitochondria of the egg.

Question 9

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?

Accepted Answer

A) chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B) African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C) humans, Homo sapiens 
D) fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E) nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans 
A) chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B) African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C) humans, Homo sapiens 
D) fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E) nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 10

The migratory neural crest cells

Accepted Answer

A) form most of the central nervous system. 
B) serve as precursor cells for the notochord. 
C) form the spinal cord in the frog. 
D) form neural and non-neural structures in the periphery. 
E) form the lining of the lungs and of the digestive tract. 
A) form most of the central nervous system. 
B) serve as precursor cells for the notochord. 
C) form the spinal cord in the frog. 
D) form neural and non-neural structures in the periphery. 
E) form the lining of the lungs and of the digestive tract.

Question 11

The outer-to-inner sequence of tissue layers in a post-gastrulation vertebrate embryo is

Accepted Answer

A) endoderm → ectoderm → mesoderm. 
B) mesoderm → endoderm → ectoderm. 
C) ectoderm → mesoderm → endoderm. 
D) ectoderm → endoderm → mesoderm. 
E) endoderm → mesoderm → ectoderm. 
A) endoderm → ectoderm → mesoderm. 
B) mesoderm → endoderm → ectoderm. 
C) ectoderm → mesoderm → endoderm. 
D) ectoderm → endoderm → mesoderm. 
E) endoderm → mesoderm → ectoderm.

Question 12

During the early part of the cleavage stage in frog development,the rapidly developing cells

Accepted Answer

A) skip the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) skip the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) skip the G₁ and G₂ phases of the cell cycle. 
D) rapidly increase the volume and mass of the embryo. 
E) skip the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle. 
A) skip the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) skip the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) skip the G₁ and G₂ phases of the cell cycle. 
D) rapidly increase the volume and mass of the embryo. 
E) skip the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle.

Question 13

Which of these animals is a diploblast?

Accepted Answer

A) jellyfish 
B) sea urchin 
C) frog 
D) chick 
E) fruit fly 
A) jellyfish 
B) sea urchin 
C) frog 
D) chick 
E) fruit fly

Question 14

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

Accepted Answer

A) promotes ear development. 
B) specifies the location of the heart. 
C) determines structures in the eyes. 
D) specifies limb elongation points. 
E) filters lymphatic fluid. 
A) promotes ear development. 
B) specifies the location of the heart. 
C) determines structures in the eyes. 
D) specifies limb elongation points. 
E) filters lymphatic fluid.

Question 15

In a newly fertilized egg,the vitelline layer

Accepted Answer

A) opens the egg's nuclear membrane to allow haploid sperm DNA to enter. 
B) hardens to form a protective cover. 
C) secretes hormones that enhance steroidogenesis by the ovary. 
D) reduces the loss of water from the egg and prevents desiccation. 
E) provides most of the nutrients used by the zygote. 
A) opens the egg's nuclear membrane to allow haploid sperm DNA to enter. 
B) hardens to form a protective cover. 
C) secretes hormones that enhance steroidogenesis by the ovary. 
D) reduces the loss of water from the egg and prevents desiccation. 
E) provides most of the nutrients used by the zygote.

Question 16

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

Accepted Answer

A) blastopore. 
B) mouth. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) anus. 
E) blastomere. 
A) blastopore. 
B) mouth. 
C) blastocoel. 
D) anus. 
E) blastomere.

Question 17

Gases are exchanged in a mammalian embryo in the

Accepted Answer

A) amnion. 
B) hypoblast. 
C) chorion. 
D) trophoblast. 
E) yolk sac. 
A) amnion. 
B) hypoblast. 
C) chorion. 
D) trophoblast. 
E) yolk sac.

Question 18

At the moment of sperm penetration,human eggs

Accepted Answer

A) have used flagellar propulsion to move from the ovary to the oviduct. 
B) accept as many sperm as possible in order to select the one with the highest fertility. 
C) are still located within the ovary. 
D) have a paper-thin cell of calcium carbonate that prevents desiccation. 
E) are still surrounded by follicular cells. 
A) have used flagellar propulsion to move from the ovary to the oviduct. 
B) accept as many sperm as possible in order to select the one with the highest fertility. 
C) are still located within the ovary. 
D) have a paper-thin cell of calcium carbonate that prevents desiccation. 
E) are still surrounded by follicular cells.

Question 19

In mammals,the nuclei resulting from the union of the sperm and the egg are first truly diploid at the end of the

Accepted Answer

A) acrosomal reaction. 
B) completion of spermatogenesis. 
C) initial cleavage. 
D) activation of the egg. 
E) completion of gastrulation. 
A) acrosomal reaction. 
B) completion of spermatogenesis. 
C) initial cleavage. 
D) activation of the egg. 
E) completion of gastrulation.

Question 20

A human blastomere is

Accepted Answer

A) an embryonic cell that is much smaller than the ovum. 
B) an embryonic structure that includes a fluid-filled cavity. 
C) that part of the acrosome that opens the egg's membrane. 
D) a component of the zona pellucida. 
E) a cell that contains a (degenerating)second polar body. 
A) an embryonic cell that is much smaller than the ovum. 
B) an embryonic structure that includes a fluid-filled cavity. 
C) that part of the acrosome that opens the egg's membrane. 
D) a component of the zona pellucida. 
E) a cell that contains a (degenerating)second polar body.

Exam 47: Animal Development

In sea urchins,the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy,respectively,are

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

In humans,identical twins are possible because

The term applied to a morphogenetic process whereby cells extend themselves,making the mass of the cells narrower and longer,is

What is the suggested reason for webbing between human embryonic digits?

In an egg cell treated with EDTA,a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions,the

In mammalian eggs,the receptors for sperm are found in the

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1000 cells?

The migratory neural crest cells

The outer-to-inner sequence of tissue layers in a post-gastrulation vertebrate embryo is

During the early part of the cleavage stage in frog development,the rapidly developing cells

Which of these animals is a diploblast?

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

In a newly fertilized egg,the vitelline layer

The first cavity formed during sea urchin development is the

Gases are exchanged in a mammalian embryo in the

At the moment of sperm penetration,human eggs

In mammals,the nuclei resulting from the union of the sperm and the egg are first truly diploid at the end of the

A human blastomere is

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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