Question 1

In a developing frog embryo,most of the yolk is

Accepted Answer

A) located near the animal pole. 
B) located near the vegetal pole. 
C) found within the cleavage furrow. 
D) found within the blastocoels. 
E) distributed equally throughout the embryo. 
A) located near the animal pole. 
B) located near the vegetal pole. 
C) found within the cleavage furrow. 
D) found within the blastocoels. 
E) distributed equally throughout the embryo.

Question 2

To meet a zygote's metabolic and developmental requirements

Accepted Answer

A) maternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
B) paternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
C) the haploid DNA in the nucleus must be transcribed. 
D) the nucleus must have hundreds of copies of every gene, allowing a high rate of gene expression. 
E) the zygote must continuously undergo endocytosis of proteins to take them from its environment. 
A) maternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
B) paternal RNA and maternal proteins must be present. 
C) the haploid DNA in the nucleus must be transcribed. 
D) the nucleus must have hundreds of copies of every gene, allowing a high rate of gene expression. 
E) the zygote must continuously undergo endocytosis of proteins to take them from its environment.

Question 3

In a frog embryo,gastrulation

Accepted Answer

A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk. 
A) produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere. 
B) occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere. 
C) is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the ovum. 
D) proceeds by involution as cells roll over the lip of the blastopore. 
E) occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct description of an anatomical relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) The mesoderm gives rise to the notochord. 
B) The endoderm gives rise to the hair follicles. 
C) The ectoderm gives rise to the liver. 
D) The mesoderm gives rise to the lungs. 
A) The mesoderm gives rise to the notochord. 
B) The endoderm gives rise to the hair follicles. 
C) The ectoderm gives rise to the liver. 
D) The mesoderm gives rise to the lungs.

Question 5

Two primary factors in shaping the polarity of the body axes in chick embryos are

Accepted Answer

A) light and temperature. 
B) salt gradients and membrane potentials. 
C) gravity and pH. 
D) moisture and mucus. 
E) location of sperm penetration and cortical reaction. 
A) light and temperature. 
B) salt gradients and membrane potentials. 
C) gravity and pH. 
D) moisture and mucus. 
E) location of sperm penetration and cortical reaction.

Question 6

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

Accepted Answer

A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm cell. 
D) generation of a nerve-like impulse by the egg cell. 
E) fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 7

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

Accepted Answer

A) gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage. 
A) gastrulation, but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis, but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage, but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis, but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation, organogenesis, and cleavage.

Question 8

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) sodium ions. 
A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) sodium ions.

Question 9

Pregnant women are often advised to supplement their diet with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects such as those characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A) vestigial tails. 
B) spina bifida. 
C) herniated vertebral disks. 
D) spinal stenosis. 
E) spinal muscular atrophy. 
A) vestigial tails. 
B) spina bifida. 
C) herniated vertebral disks. 
D) spinal stenosis. 
E) spinal muscular atrophy.

Question 10

Symptoms of Kartagener's syndrome include frequent sinus and bronchial infections,reversal of chest and abdominal organs,and afflicted males produce immotile sperm.This syndrome is a result of

Accepted Answer

A) deformation of the ZPA. 
B) immotile cilia. 
C) immotile flagella. 
D) motile flagella. 
E) motile cilia. 
A) deformation of the ZPA. 
B) immotile cilia. 
C) immotile flagella. 
D) motile flagella. 
E) motile cilia.

Question 11

When you slice up a pie that contains a swirled mixture of chocolate and vanilla filling,you notice that some slices have more chocolate than vanilla and that other slices have more vanilla than chocolate.This uneven distribution of chocolate and vanilla is most like the uneven distribution of

Accepted Answer

A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg prior to fertilization. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a newly formed zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in a baby just prior to birth. 
A) nuclei in a zygote. 
B) nuclei in an early embryo. 
C) nuclei in an egg prior to fertilization. 
D) cytoplasmic determinants in a newly formed zygote. 
E) cytoplasmic determinants in a baby just prior to birth.

Question 12

Fertilization normally

Accepted Answer

A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) is required for parthenogenesis. 
D) merges two diploid cells into one haploid cell. 
E) precedes ovulation. 
A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) is required for parthenogenesis. 
D) merges two diploid cells into one haploid cell. 
E) precedes ovulation.

Question 13

The cortical reaction occurs in which animals?

Accepted Answer

A) birds and reptiles 
B) sea urchins, mammals, and fishes 
C) amphibians, birds, and invertebrates 
D) mammals and invertebrates 
E) birds and fishes 
A) birds and reptiles 
B) sea urchins, mammals, and fishes 
C) amphibians, birds, and invertebrates 
D) mammals and invertebrates 
E) birds and fishes

Question 14

The small portion of the embryo that will become its dorsal side develops from the

Accepted Answer

A) morula. 
B) primitive streak. 
C) archenteron. 
D) grey crescent. 
E) blastocoel. 
A) morula. 
B) primitive streak. 
C) archenteron. 
D) grey crescent. 
E) blastocoel.

Question 15

In humans,identical twins are possible because

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasmic determinants are distributed unevenly in unfertilized eggs. 
B) extraembryonic cells interact with the zygote nucleus. 
C) convergent extension occurs. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells. 
A) cytoplasmic determinants are distributed unevenly in unfertilized eggs. 
B) extraembryonic cells interact with the zygote nucleus. 
C) convergent extension occurs. 
D) early blastomeres can form a complete embryo if isolated. 
E) the grey crescent divides the dorsal-ventral axis into new cells.

Question 16

What makes Drosophila a good model organism?

Accepted Answer

A) Drosophila have all the same genes as humans. 
B) Drosophila mutants can be easily made and studied. 
C) Drosophila have a similar lifespan to humans. 
D) Drosophila have fewer genes than humans. 
E) Drosophila are evolutionarily as closely related to humans as primate species. 
A) Drosophila have all the same genes as humans. 
B) Drosophila mutants can be easily made and studied. 
C) Drosophila have a similar lifespan to humans. 
D) Drosophila have fewer genes than humans. 
E) Drosophila are evolutionarily as closely related to humans as primate species.

Question 17

The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of C.elegans uniquely contain

Accepted Answer

A) proteins of maternal origin. 
B) high concentrations of potassium ions. 
C) haploid proteins. 
D) T tubules for the propagation of action potentials. 
E) P granules of mRNA and protein. 
A) proteins of maternal origin. 
B) high concentrations of potassium ions. 
C) haploid proteins. 
D) T tubules for the propagation of action potentials. 
E) P granules of mRNA and protein.

Question 18

A sea urchin zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization. 
A) 5 seconds after fertilization. 
B) 30 minutes after fertilization. 
C) 90 minutes after fertilization. 
D) 4 hours after fertilization. 
E) 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 19

Use the following information as background for the next few questions.
Imagine that you are a paleontologist and have discovered a 375-million-year-old transitional species between fish and the first legged animals.This species reveals that the evolution of hind legs began as enhanced hind fins.
-Upon moving from the water onto land,which of the following would be necessary to ensure continued reproductive success on land?

Accepted Answer

A) a thick, waxy ectoderm 
B) external fertilization 
C) elongated flagella 
D) evolution of extraembryonic membranes 
E) formation of an acrosome on sperm cells 
A) a thick, waxy ectoderm 
B) external fertilization 
C) elongated flagella 
D) evolution of extraembryonic membranes 
E) formation of an acrosome on sperm cells

Question 20

Human trophoblasts

Accepted Answer

A) form the inner cell mass. 
B) form from ectoderm. 
C) are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D) are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E) are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange. 
A) form the inner cell mass. 
B) form from ectoderm. 
C) are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D) are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E) are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange.

Exam 47: Animal Development

In a developing frog embryo,most of the yolk is

To meet a zygote's metabolic and developmental requirements

In a frog embryo,gastrulation

Which of the following is a correct description of an anatomical relationship?

Two primary factors in shaping the polarity of the body axes in chick embryos are

The cortical reaction functions directly in the

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

Pregnant women are often advised to supplement their diet with folic acid to prevent neural tube defects such as those characteristic of

Symptoms of Kartagener's syndrome include frequent sinus and bronchial infections,reversal of chest and abdominal organs,and afflicted males produce immotile sperm.This syndrome is a result of

When you slice up a pie that contains a swirled mixture of chocolate and vanilla filling,you notice that some slices have more chocolate than vanilla and that other slices have more vanilla than chocolate.This uneven distribution of chocolate and vanilla is most like the uneven distribution of

Fertilization normally

The cortical reaction occurs in which animals?

The small portion of the embryo that will become its dorsal side develops from the

In humans,identical twins are possible because

What makes Drosophila a good model organism?

The developmental precursors to the gonadal tissues of C.elegans uniquely contain

A sea urchin zygote undergoes its first cell division

Human trophoblasts

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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