Question 1

Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna?

Accepted Answer

A) true tissues 
B) hard parts 
C) bilateral symmetry 
D) cephalization 
E) embryos 
A) true tissues 
B) hard parts 
C) bilateral symmetry 
D) cephalization 
E) embryos

Question 2

The figure above shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree.Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which of these is the basal group of the Eumetazoa?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) IV 
E) V

Question 3

Use the following two diagrams (A and B)to answer the questions below.
   
A: Morphological phylogeny.
   
B: Molecular phylogeny.
-According to the phylogenies depicted in the previous pair of figures,if one were to create a taxon called Radiata that included all animal species whose members have true radial symmetry,then such a taxon would be

Accepted Answer

A) paraphyletic. 
B) polyphyletic. 
C) monophyletic. 
D) a clade. 
E) More than one of these responses are correct. 
A) paraphyletic. 
B) polyphyletic. 
C) monophyletic. 
D) a clade. 
E) More than one of these responses are correct.

Question 4

The figure above shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree.Use the diagram to answer the following questions.
-Which two groups are most clearly represented in the Ediacaran fauna?

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and IV 
D) II and V 
E) IV and V 
A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) II and IV 
D) II and V 
E) IV and V

Question 5

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

Accepted Answer

A) true and inerrant statements about evolutionary relationships. 
B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships. 
C) the most accurate representations possible of genetic relationships among taxa. 
D) theories of evolution. 
E) the closest things to absolute certainty that modern systematics can produce. 
A) true and inerrant statements about evolutionary relationships. 
B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships. 
C) the most accurate representations possible of genetic relationships among taxa. 
D) theories of evolution. 
E) the closest things to absolute certainty that modern systematics can produce.

Question 6

On the basis of information in the previous paragraph,which of these should be able to be observed in Tp?

Accepted Answer

A) the act of fertilization 
B) the process of gastrulation 
C) eggs 
D) All three of the responses above are correct. 
E) Two of the responses above are correct. 
A) the act of fertilization 
B) the process of gastrulation 
C) eggs 
D) All three of the responses above are correct. 
E) Two of the responses above are correct.

Question 7

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also

Accepted Answer

A) triploblastic. 
B) a deuterostome. 
C) eucoelomate. 
D) highly cephalized. 
A) triploblastic. 
B) a deuterostome. 
C) eucoelomate. 
D) highly cephalized.

Question 8

Which distinction is given more emphasis by the morphological phylogeny than by the molecular phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A) metazoan and eumetazoan 
B) radial and bilateral 
C) true coelom and pseudocoelom 
D) protostome and deuterostome 
E) moulting and lack of moulting 
A) metazoan and eumetazoan 
B) radial and bilateral 
C) true coelom and pseudocoelom 
D) protostome and deuterostome 
E) moulting and lack of moulting

Question 9

The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo,a cavity that is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) archenteron. 
B) blastula. 
C) coelom. 
D) germ layer. 
E) blastocoel. 
A) archenteron. 
B) blastula. 
C) coelom. 
D) germ layer. 
E) blastocoel.

Question 10

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?

Accepted Answer

A) spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth 
B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth 
C) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus 
D) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus 
E) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth 
A) spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth 
B) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth 
C) spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus 
D) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus 
E) radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

Question 11

Two competing hypotheses to account for the increase in the number of Hox genes from the last common ancestor of bilaterians to the last common ancestor of insects and vertebrates are (1)a single duplication of the entire four-gene cluster,followed by the loss of one gene,and (2)three independent duplications of individual Hox genes.To prefer the first hypothesis on the basis of parsimony requires the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A) the duplication of a cluster of four Hox genes is equally as likely as the duplication of a single Hox gene. 
B) there is an actual process by which individual genes can be duplicated. 
C) genes can exist is spatial groupings called clusters. 
D) clusters of genes can undergo disruption, with individual genes moving to different chromosomes during evolution. 
A) the duplication of a cluster of four Hox genes is equally as likely as the duplication of a single Hox gene. 
B) there is an actual process by which individual genes can be duplicated. 
C) genes can exist is spatial groupings called clusters. 
D) clusters of genes can undergo disruption, with individual genes moving to different chromosomes during evolution.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are)true?
1)Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi.
2)All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect.
3)Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic.
4)Animals only reproduce sexually.
5)Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 5 
C) 3, 4, and 5 
D) 2 and 4 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 5 
C) 3, 4, and 5 
D) 2 and 4

Question 13

Cycliophorans have two types of larvae.One type of larva-the Prometheus larva-develops into a male.The male,which lacks a digestive system,attaches to the outside of a feeding stage (a female)and impregnates her digestive system,which develops into a different type of larva.What must be true of the digestive system of the feeding-stage female while she is still a virgin?
1)At least some of its cells are haploid.
2)It consists only of highly specialized cells.
3)It is the same size as the male.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 3 
E) 2 and 3 
A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 3 
E) 2 and 3

Exam 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna?

The figure above shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree.Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which of these is the basal group of the Eumetazoa?

The figure above shows a chart of the animal kingdom set up as a modified phylogenetic tree.Use the diagram to answer the following questions. -Which two groups are most clearly represented in the Ediacaran fauna?

Phylogenetic trees are best described as

On the basis of information in the previous paragraph,which of these should be able to be observed in Tp?

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also

Which distinction is given more emphasis by the morphological phylogeny than by the molecular phylogeny?

The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo,a cavity that is known as the

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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