Question 1

What is true of the clade Ecdysozoa?

Accepted Answer

A) It includes all animals that moult at some time during their lives. 
B) It includes all animals that undergo metamorphosis at some time during their lives. 
C) It includes all animals that have body cavities known as pseudocoeloms. 
D) It includes all animals with genetic similarities that are shared with no other animals. 
E) It includes all animals in the former clade Protostomia that truly do have protostome development. 
A) It includes all animals that moult at some time during their lives. 
B) It includes all animals that undergo metamorphosis at some time during their lives. 
C) It includes all animals that have body cavities known as pseudocoeloms. 
D) It includes all animals with genetic similarities that are shared with no other animals. 
E) It includes all animals in the former clade Protostomia that truly do have protostome development.

Question 2

Use the following two diagrams (A and B)to answer the questions below.
   
A: Morphological phylogeny.
   
B: Molecular phylogeny.
-What is true of the deuterostomes in the molecular phylogeny (B)that is not true in the traditional phylogeny (A)?

Accepted Answer

A) Deuterostomia is a clade. 
B) To maintain Deuterostomia as a clade, some phyla had to be removed from it. 
C) Deuterostomia now includes the Acoela. 
D) It is actually a grade, rather than a clade. 
E) It diverged from the rest of the Bilateria earlier than did the Acoela. 
A) Deuterostomia is a clade. 
B) To maintain Deuterostomia as a clade, some phyla had to be removed from it. 
C) Deuterostomia now includes the Acoela. 
D) It is actually a grade, rather than a clade. 
E) It diverged from the rest of the Bilateria earlier than did the Acoela.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to animal phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A) Sponges are basal animals. 
B) Eumetazoans are animals with "true tissues." 
C) The clade Bilateria contains the majority of animal phyla. 
D) Only vertebrates belong to the clade Deuterostomia. 
E) B and D 
A) Sponges are basal animals. 
B) Eumetazoans are animals with "true tissues." 
C) The clade Bilateria contains the majority of animal phyla. 
D) Only vertebrates belong to the clade Deuterostomia. 
E) B and D

Question 4

Soon after the coelom begins to form,a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo.Initially,the dye should be able to flow directly into the

Accepted Answer

A) blastopore. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) archenteron. 
D) pseudocoelom. 
A) blastopore. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) archenteron. 
D) pseudocoelom.

Question 5

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

Accepted Answer

A) have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body. 
B) contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue. 
C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not. 
D) have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening. 
E) have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place. 
A) have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body. 
B) contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue. 
C) have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not. 
D) have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening. 
E) have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place.

Question 6

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

Accepted Answer

A) a body cavity. 
B) a complete digestive tract. 
C) a circulatory system. 
D) true tissues. 
E) mesoderm. 
A) a body cavity. 
B) a complete digestive tract. 
C) a circulatory system. 
D) true tissues. 
E) mesoderm.

Question 7

According to the evidence collected so far,the animal kingdom is

Accepted Answer

A) monophyletic. 
B) paraphyletic. 
C) polyphyletic. 
D) euphyletic. 
E) multiphyletic. 
A) monophyletic. 
B) paraphyletic. 
C) polyphyletic. 
D) euphyletic. 
E) multiphyletic.

Question 8

Placozoan evolutionary relationships to other animals are currently unclear,and different phylogenies can be created,depending on the character used to infer relatedness.Sponges have no tissues,but about 20 cell types.Tp (Trichoplax adhaerens)produces a neuropeptide almost identical to one found in cnidarians.The genome of Tp,though the smallest of any known animal,shares many features of complex eumetazoan (even human!)genomes.Use the phylogenetic trees that follow to answer the questions below.
   
I
   
II
   
III
-Which phylogeny has been created by emphasizing the structural simplicity of placozoans?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III

Question 9

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) gastrulation 
D) coelom formation 
E) metamorphosis 
A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) gastrulation 
D) coelom formation 
E) metamorphosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a feature of the tube-within-a-tube body plan in most animal phyla?

Accepted Answer

A) The outer tube consists of a hard exoskeleton. 
B) The outer tube consists of digestive organs. 
C) The mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube. 
D) The two "tubes" are separated by tissue that comes from embryonic endoderm. 
A) The outer tube consists of a hard exoskeleton. 
B) The outer tube consists of digestive organs. 
C) The mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube. 
D) The two "tubes" are separated by tissue that comes from embryonic endoderm.

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage.The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45 degrees and to lie in the grooves between larger,underlying cells (i.e.,spiral cleavage).
-This embryo may potentially develop into a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) turtle. 
B) earthworm. 
C) sea star. 
D) fish. 
E) sea urchin. 
A) turtle. 
B) earthworm. 
C) sea star. 
D) fish. 
E) sea urchin.

Question 12

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated,from earliest to most recent?
1)tetrapods
2)vertebrates
3)deuterostomes
4)amniotes
5)bilaterians

Accepted Answer

A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
C) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
D) 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1 
E) 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4 
A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 
B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
C) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
D) 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1 
E) 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4

Question 13

What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) body cavity between body wall and digestive system 
B) number of embryonic tissue layers 
C) type of body symmetry 
D) presence of Hox genes 
E) degree of cephalization 
A) body cavity between body wall and digestive system 
B) number of embryonic tissue layers 
C) type of body symmetry 
D) presence of Hox genes 
E) degree of cephalization

Question 14

If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues,then it can properly be included among the

Accepted Answer

A) eumetazoans. 
B) metazoans. 
C) choanoflagellates. 
D) lophotrochozoans. 
E) bilateria. 
A) eumetazoans. 
B) metazoans. 
C) choanoflagellates. 
D) lophotrochozoans. 
E) bilateria.

Question 15

On the basis of the cleavage pattern of cycliophoran embryos,which of these should be true?

Accepted Answer

A) It has determinate development. 
B) The blastopore becomes the anus. 
C) They are deuterostomes. 
D) A cell separated from a four-cell embryo should develop into a complete organism. 
A) It has determinate development. 
B) The blastopore becomes the anus. 
C) They are deuterostomes. 
D) A cell separated from a four-cell embryo should develop into a complete organism.

Question 16

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

Accepted Answer

A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) gastrulation 
D) coelom formation 
E) metamorphosis 
A) fertilization 
B) cleavage 
C) gastrulation 
D) coelom formation 
E) metamorphosis

Question 17

Whatever its ultimate cause(s),the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of

Accepted Answer

A) mass extinction. 
B) evolutionary stasis. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) All three of the responses are correct. 
E) Only two of the responses are correct. 
A) mass extinction. 
B) evolutionary stasis. 
C) adaptive radiation. 
D) All three of the responses are correct. 
E) Only two of the responses are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are)true?
1)Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi.
2)All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect.
3)Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic.
4)Only animals reproduce by sexual means.
5)Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 3 and 5 
D) 3, 4, and 5 
A) 5 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 3 and 5 
D) 3, 4, and 5

Question 19

Use the following table to answer the questions below.
Proposed Number of Hox Genes in Various Extant and Extinct Animals
  
-What conclusion is apparent from the data in the table?

Accepted Answer

A) Land animals have more Hox genes than do those that live in water. 
B) All bilaterian phyla have had the same degree of expansion in their numbers of Hox genes. 
C) Acoel flatworms should be expected to contain seven Hox genes. 
D) The expansion in number of Hox genes throughout vertebrate evolution cannot be explained merely by three duplications of the ancestral vertebrate Hox cluster. 
E) Extant insects all have seven Hox genes. 
A) Land animals have more Hox genes than do those that live in water. 
B) All bilaterian phyla have had the same degree of expansion in their numbers of Hox genes. 
C) Acoel flatworms should be expected to contain seven Hox genes. 
D) The expansion in number of Hox genes throughout vertebrate evolution cannot be explained merely by three duplications of the ancestral vertebrate Hox cluster. 
E) Extant insects all have seven Hox genes.

Question 20

You have before you a living organism,which you examine carefully.Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate?

Accepted Answer

A) It is triploblastic. 
B) It has bilateral symmetry. 
C) It possesses sensory structures at its anterior end. 
D) Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall. 
A) It is triploblastic. 
B) It has bilateral symmetry. 
C) It possesses sensory structures at its anterior end. 
D) Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall.

Exam 32: An Overview of Animal Diversity

What is true of the clade Ecdysozoa?

Use the following two diagrams (A and B)to answer the questions below. A: Morphological phylogeny. B: Molecular phylogeny. -What is true of the deuterostomes in the molecular phylogeny (B)that is not true in the traditional phylogeny (A)?

Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to animal phylogeny?

Soon after the coelom begins to form,a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo.Initially,the dye should be able to flow directly into the

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

According to the evidence collected so far,the animal kingdom is

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?

Which of the following is a feature of the tube-within-a-tube body plan in most animal phyla?

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated,from earliest to most recent? 1)tetrapods 2)vertebrates 3)deuterostomes 4)amniotes 5)bilaterians

What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?

If a multicellular animal lacks true tissues,then it can properly be included among the

On the basis of the cleavage pattern of cycliophoran embryos,which of these should be true?

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?

Whatever its ultimate cause(s),the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of

Use the following table to answer the questions below. Proposed Number of Hox Genes in Various Extant and Extinct Animals -What conclusion is apparent from the data in the table?

You have before you a living organism,which you examine carefully.Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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