Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generation cycle of a fern?

Accepted Answer

A) gametophyte-dominant (2n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (n) 
B) gametophyte-dominant (n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (2n) 
C) sporophyte-dominant (n)life cycle where 2 spores fuse to produce the zygote (2n) 
D) sporophyte-dominant (2n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic gametophytes (n) 
A) gametophyte-dominant (2n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (n) 
B) gametophyte-dominant (n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic sporophyte (2n) 
C) sporophyte-dominant (n)life cycle where 2 spores fuse to produce the zygote (2n) 
D) sporophyte-dominant (2n)life cycle where spores develop into photosynthetic gametophytes (n)

Question 2

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point.When disturbed,the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-Besides oil,what other chemical should be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?

Accepted Answer

A) sporopollenins 
B) phenolics 
C) waxes 
D) lignins 
E) terpenes 
A) sporopollenins 
B) phenolics 
C) waxes 
D) lignins 
E) terpenes

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) Embryophytes are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction. 
A) Embryophytes are small because they are in an early developmental stage. 
B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. 
C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. 
D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. 
E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

Question 4

If researchers found that charophyte algae lack certain traits that land plants have,can we conclude that charophytes are not the closest relatives of land plants?

Accepted Answer

A) No; we can hypothesize that these traits have just skipped a generation. 
B) No; we can hypothesize that these traits are derived traits of land plants. 
C) Yes; we can hypothesize that if all traits are not found in both groups, then the two groups are distantly related. 
D) Yes; if the traits have been lost during the course of evolution, then the two groups cannot be closely related. 
A) No; we can hypothesize that these traits have just skipped a generation. 
B) No; we can hypothesize that these traits are derived traits of land plants. 
C) Yes; we can hypothesize that if all traits are not found in both groups, then the two groups are distantly related. 
D) Yes; if the traits have been lost during the course of evolution, then the two groups cannot be closely related.

Question 5

Which of the following is a land plant that has flagellated sperm and a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) fern 
B) moss 
C) liverwort 
D) charophyte 
E) hornwort 
A) fern 
B) moss 
C) liverwort 
D) charophyte 
E) hornwort

Question 6

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect,15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point.When disturbed,the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust.A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-This student has probably found a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) immature pine tree. 
B) bryophyte sporophyte. 
C) fern sporophyte. 
D) horsetail gametophyte. 
E) lycophyte sporophyte. 
A) immature pine tree. 
B) bryophyte sporophyte. 
C) fern sporophyte. 
D) horsetail gametophyte. 
E) lycophyte sporophyte.

Question 7

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) Pterophyta 
B) Bryophyta 
C) horsetail (Equisetum) 
D) Pterophyta, Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum) 
E) Pterophyta and Bryophyta 
A) Pterophyta 
B) Bryophyta 
C) horsetail (Equisetum) 
D) Pterophyta, Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum) 
E) Pterophyta and Bryophyta

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The resolution of the relationships indicated by dashed lines in the figure above will most probably come from

Accepted Answer

A) more whole-genome analyses of extant (living)species. 
B) more detailed analyses of the morphologies of extant species. 
C) the discovery of more fossils of extinct taxa from the time of seed-plant origins. 
D) more detailed analyses of the life cycles of extant species. 
E) more molecular analyses of the types and structures of photosynthetic pigments present in extant species. 
A) more whole-genome analyses of extant (living)species. 
B) more detailed analyses of the morphologies of extant species. 
C) the discovery of more fossils of extinct taxa from the time of seed-plant origins. 
D) more detailed analyses of the life cycles of extant species. 
E) more molecular analyses of the types and structures of photosynthetic pigments present in extant species.

Question 9

Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?

Accepted Answer

A) similar sperm structure 
B) the presence of chloroplasts 
C) similarities in cell wall formation during cell division 
D) genetic similarities in chloroplasts 
E) similarities in proteins that synthesize cellulose 
A) similar sperm structure 
B) the presence of chloroplasts 
C) similarities in cell wall formation during cell division 
D) genetic similarities in chloroplasts 
E) similarities in proteins that synthesize cellulose

Question 10

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant,arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive).
1)spores
2)sporophylls
3)sporophytes
4)sporangia

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 4, 3, 1 
B) 2, 3, 4, 1 
C) 3, 1, 4, 2 
D) 3, 4, 2, 1 
E) 3, 2, 4, 1 
A) 2, 4, 3, 1 
B) 2, 3, 4, 1 
C) 3, 1, 4, 2 
D) 3, 4, 2, 1 
E) 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 11

If you were faced with the choice of eliminating all mutualistic symbioses involving plants and other organisms (besides humans),with the goal being to preserve the most plant biomass,which of the following would you save from elimination?

Accepted Answer

A) the dispersal of seeds in or on animals 
B) the dispersal of male gametophytes by animals 
C) plants harbouring nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
D) associations between soil fungi and roots or rhizoids 
A) the dispersal of seeds in or on animals 
B) the dispersal of male gametophytes by animals 
C) plants harbouring nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
D) associations between soil fungi and roots or rhizoids

Question 12

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive.
1)embryophytes
2)green plants
3)seedless vascular plants
4)ferns
5)tracheophytes

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 
B) 2, 1, 5, 3, 4 
C) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 
E) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3 
A) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4 
B) 2, 1, 5, 3, 4 
C) 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 
D) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 
E) 2, 1, 5, 4, 3

Question 13

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is,has both male and female gametangia on the same plant),then it

Accepted Answer

A) belongs to a species that is homosporous. 
B) must be diploid. 
C) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation. 
D) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ. 
E) is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female. 
A) belongs to a species that is homosporous. 
B) must be diploid. 
C) has lost the need for a sporophyte generation. 
D) has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ. 
E) is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives,the charophyte algae?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorophyll b 
B) cellulose in cell walls 
C) formation of a cell plate during cytokinesis 
D) sexual reproduction 
E) alternation of multicellular generations 
A) chlorophyll b 
B) cellulose in cell walls 
C) formation of a cell plate during cytokinesis 
D) sexual reproduction 
E) alternation of multicellular generations

Question 15

In which combination of locations would one who is searching for the gametophytes of flower of stone have the best chance of finding them?
1)moist soil
2)underground,nourished there by symbiotic fungi
3)south- or west-facing slopes
4)permanently shady places
5)far from any flower of stone sporophytes

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 2, and 5 
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5 
A) 1 only 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 1, 2, and 4 
D) 1, 2, and 5 
E) 1, 3, 4, and 5

Question 16

Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone,one can observe tiny,cone-like structures.Each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes.Consequently,which of the following is the closest living relative of flower of stone?

Accepted Answer

A) true moss 
B) club moss 
C) hornwort 
D) liverwort 
E) fern 
A) true moss 
B) club moss 
C) hornwort 
D) liverwort 
E) fern

Question 17

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they weren't),which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

Accepted Answer

A) whisk ferns and epiphytes 
B) horsetails and bryophytes 
C) lycophytes and bryophytes 
D) ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes 
E) charophytes, bryophytes, and gymnosperms 
A) whisk ferns and epiphytes 
B) horsetails and bryophytes 
C) lycophytes and bryophytes 
D) ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes 
E) charophytes, bryophytes, and gymnosperms

Question 18

The following are all adaptations to life on land except

Accepted Answer

A) rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes. 
B) cuticles. 
C) tracheids. 
D) reduced gametophyte generation. 
E) seeds. 
A) rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes. 
B) cuticles. 
C) tracheids. 
D) reduced gametophyte generation. 
E) seeds.

Question 19

Refer to the following information to answer the next few questions.
Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer,then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen.They began with four equal-sized areas where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil surface.One of the four areas was not modified.In the second area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface.In the third area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface.In the fourth area,the mosses were trimmed all the way to the ground,leaving only the rhizoids.Water,simulating rainfall,was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of one year.The figure below presents four graphs that depict potential results of this experiment.
  
-The 2-m height attainable by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by mosses.What accounts for the relative height of Polytrichum?

Accepted Answer

A) the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B) "leaves" that are more than one cell layer thick 
C) high humidity of surrounding air that provides support against gravity 
D) reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes that allows gametophores to grow taller 
E) the presence of conducting tissues in the "stem" 
A) the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B) "leaves" that are more than one cell layer thick 
C) high humidity of surrounding air that provides support against gravity 
D) reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes that allows gametophores to grow taller 
E) the presence of conducting tissues in the "stem"

Question 20

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest.After observing its anatomy and life cycle,he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm,xylem with tracheids,separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant,and no seeds.This plant is probably most closely related to

Accepted Answer

A) mosses. 
B) charophytes. 
C) ferns. 
D) gymnosperms. 
E) flowering plants. 
A) mosses. 
B) charophytes. 
C) ferns. 
D) gymnosperms. 
E) flowering plants.

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generation cycle of a fern?

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction?

If researchers found that charophyte algae lack certain traits that land plants have,can we conclude that charophytes are not the closest relatives of land plants?

Which of the following is a land plant that has flagellated sperm and a sporophyte-dominated life cycle?

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The resolution of the relationships indicated by dashed lines in the figure above will most probably come from

Which of the following is not evidence that charophytes are the closest algal relatives of plants?

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant,arrange the following structures from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1)spores 2)sporophylls 3)sporophytes 4)sporangia

If you were faced with the choice of eliminating all mutualistic symbioses involving plants and other organisms (besides humans),with the goal being to preserve the most plant biomass,which of the following would you save from elimination?

Arrange the following terms from most inclusive to least inclusive. 1)embryophytes 2)green plants 3)seedless vascular plants 4)ferns 5)tracheophytes

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is,has both male and female gametangia on the same plant),then it

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives,the charophyte algae?

Upon closer inspection of the leaves of flower of stone,one can observe tiny,cone-like structures.Each cone-like structure emits spores of two different sizes.Consequently,which of the following is the closest living relative of flower of stone?

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they weren't),which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

The following are all adaptations to life on land except

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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