Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Of the following list,flagellated (swimming)sperm are generally present in which groups? 1)Lycophyta 2)Bryophyta 3)Angiosperms 4)Chlorophyta 5)Pterophyta

Assuming that they all belong to the same plant,arrange the following structures from largest to smallest. 1)antheridia 2)gametes 3)gametophytes 4)gametangia

Refer to the following information to answer the next few questions. Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer,then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen.They began with four equal-sized areas where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil surface.One of the four areas was not modified.In the second area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface.In the third area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface.In the fourth area,the mosses were trimmed all the way to the ground,leaving only the rhizoids.Water,simulating rainfall,was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of one year.The figure below presents four graphs that depict potential results of this experiment. -If the actual results most closely resembled those in part (A)of the figure,then a further question arising from these data is: "Do the Polytrichum rhizoids have to be alive in order to reduce soil nitrogen loss,or do dead rhizoids have the same effect?" Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence to test this hypothesis. 1)Add metabolic poison to the soil of the experimental plot of mosses. 2)Apply water equally to the experimental and control plots. 3)Measure initial soil nitrogen contents of control and experimental plots. 4)Determine nitrogen loss from soil of control and experimental plots. 5)Establish two identical plots of Polytrichum mosses; one as a control,the other as the experimental treatment.

Refer to the following information to answer the next few questions. Researchers decided to test the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer,then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen.They began with four equal-sized areas where Polytrichum mosses grew to a height of 2 m above the soil surface.One of the four areas was not modified.In the second area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 1 m above the soil surface.In the third area,the mosses were trimmed to a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface.In the fourth area,the mosses were trimmed all the way to the ground,leaving only the rhizoids.Water,simulating rainfall,was then added in a controlled fashion to all plots over the course of one year.The figure below presents four graphs that depict potential results of this experiment. -Which graph of soil nitrogen loss over time in the figure most strongly supports the hypothesis that if the 2-m tall Polytrichum gametophyte-sporophyte plants had acted as a physical buffer,then they would have reduced water's ability to erode the soil and carry away its nitrogen?

What is true of charophytes?

Which of the following characteristics helped seedless plants better adapt to life on land?

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land?

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant,which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte.Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?

What is thought to be the correct sequence of the following events during the Carboniferous period? 1)vascular plants become more prevalent 2)megaphylls with large surface areas become more prevalent 3)atmospheric CO₂ levels decline by a factor of five 4)global cooling occurs,leading to widespread glaciations

Beginning with the germination of a moss spore,what is the sequence of structures that develop after germination? 1)embryo 2)gametes 3)sporophyte 4)protonema 5)gametophore

Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

Which of the following characteristics is (are)possessed in common by true mosses,ferns,and spike mosses,and therefore becomes useless at helping to determine to which of these groups flower of stone belongs? 1)a sporophyte generation that is dominant 2)true leaves and roots 3)flagellated sperm 4)strobili 5)alternation of generations

Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations.All land plants exhibit alternation of generations.No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations.Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics,the correct interpretation of these observations is that

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick.What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure?

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Which of the following are land plants that use the same means of getting sperm to egg that algae use?

Which event during the evolution of land plants probably made the synthesis of secondary compounds most beneficial?

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants ________.

The following questions refer to the description below. There are many advantages for plants to living in an aqueous environment.For example,water provides support,the temperature of water fluctuates much less than on land,and external fertilization is facilitated in water.Nevertheless,plants successfully invaded land and diversified. -What evidence in the fossil record would you look for that would indicate that plants had successfully colonized land?