Question 1

In which feature(s)should one be able to locate a complete chromosome of this bacterium?
1)nucleolus
2)prophage
3)endospore
4)nucleoid

Accepted Answer

A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 2 and 3 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2, 3, and 4 
A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 3 
C) 2 and 3 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2, 3, and 4

Question 2

You were asked to classify a number of unknown prokaryotes.Which feature of the organisms would allow you to make a positive distinction as to whether they belong to the domain Bacteria or Archaea?

Accepted Answer

A) cell walls made of peptidoglycan 
B) unicellularity 
C) lack of a nucleus 
D) can survive harsh environmental conditions 
E) show adaptations to a broad range of habitats 
A) cell walls made of peptidoglycan 
B) unicellularity 
C) lack of a nucleus 
D) can survive harsh environmental conditions 
E) show adaptations to a broad range of habitats

Question 3

If archaeans are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria,then which of the following is a reasonable prediction?

Accepted Answer

A) Archaean DNA should have no introns. 
B) Archaean chromosomes should have no protein bonded to them. 
C) Archaean DNA should be single-stranded. 
D) Archaean ribosomes should be larger than typical prokaryotic ribosomes. 
E) Archaeans should lack cell walls. 
A) Archaean DNA should have no introns. 
B) Archaean chromosomes should have no protein bonded to them. 
C) Archaean DNA should be single-stranded. 
D) Archaean ribosomes should be larger than typical prokaryotic ribosomes. 
E) Archaeans should lack cell walls.

Question 4

Match the numbered terms to the description that follows.Choose all appropriate terms.
1)autotroph
2)heterotroph
3)phototroph
4)chemotroph
Description: a prokaryote that obtains both energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 1, 3, and 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 1, 3, and 4

Question 5

How many of these species probably have a cell wall that partly consists of an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A) only one species 
B) two species 
C) three species 
D) four species 
E) all five species 
A) only one species 
B) two species 
C) three species 
D) four species 
E) all five species

Question 6

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share?
1)composition of the cell wall
2)presence of plasma membrane
3)lack of a nuclear envelope
4)identical rRNA sequences

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 2 and 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 2 and 4

Question 7

You have found a new prokaryote.What line of evidence would support your hypothesis that the organism is a cyanobacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen. 
B) It is an endosymbiont. 
C) It forms chains called mycelia. 
D) It lacks cell walls. 
A) It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen. 
B) It is an endosymbiont. 
C) It forms chains called mycelia. 
D) It lacks cell walls.

Question 8

All the following are correct about antibiotic resistance,except

Accepted Answer

A) is an example of evolution in action 
B) resistance genes are carried by F plasmids 
C) resistance genes are carried by R plasmids 
D) can occur as a result of mutations 
E) B and C 
A) is an example of evolution in action 
B) resistance genes are carried by F plasmids 
C) resistance genes are carried by R plasmids 
D) can occur as a result of mutations 
E) B and C

Question 9

The cell also lacks F factors and F plasmids.Upon its death,this bacterium should be able to participate in

Accepted Answer

A) conjugation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transformation. 
D) Three of the responses above are correct. 
E) Two of the responses above are correct. 
A) conjugation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transformation. 
D) Three of the responses above are correct. 
E) Two of the responses above are correct.

Question 10

Prokaryotes' essential genetic information is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleolus. 
B) nucleoid. 
C) nucleosome. 
D) plasmids. 
E) exospore. 
A) nucleolus. 
B) nucleoid. 
C) nucleosome. 
D) plasmids. 
E) exospore.

Question 11

This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents (in other words,food).Humans lacking this bacterium have no measurable reproductive advantage or disadvantage relative to humans who harbour this bacterium.Consequently,the bacterium can be properly described as which of the following?
1)symbiont
2)endosymbiont
3)mutualist
4)commensal

Accepted Answer

A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 2 and 4 
A) 4 only 
B) 1 and 2 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 2 and 3 
E) 2 and 4

Question 12

Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha proteobacteria.They are,however,no longer able to lead independent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosome have moved to the nuclear genome.Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of these genes?

Accepted Answer

A) plasmolysis 
B) conjugation 
C) translation 
D) endocytosis 
E) horizontal gene transfer 
A) plasmolysis 
B) conjugation 
C) translation 
D) endocytosis 
E) horizontal gene transfer

Question 13

Species D is pathogenic if it gains access to the human intestine.Which other species,if it coinhabited a human intestine along with species D,is most likely to result in a recombinant species that is both pathogenic and resistant to some antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) species A 
B) species B 
C) species C 
D) species D 
E) species E 
A) species A 
B) species B 
C) species C 
D) species D 
E) species E

Question 14

Which of the following bacteria forms endospores that can survive for decades?

Accepted Answer

A) Halobacterium 
B) Bacillus anthracis 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) Deinococcus radiodurans 
A) Halobacterium 
B) Bacillus anthracis 
C) Staphylococcus aureus 
D) Escherichia coli 
E) Deinococcus radiodurans

Question 15

Consider the thermoacidophile,Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.Which of the following graphs most accurately depicts the expected temperature and pH profiles of its enzymes? (Note: The horizontal axes of these graphs are double,with pH above and temperature below.)

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 16

A fish that has been salt-cured subsequently develops a reddish color.You suspect that the fish has been contaminated by the extreme halophile,Halobacterium.Which of these features of cells removed from the surface of the fish,if confirmed,would support your suspicion?
1)the presence of the same photosynthetic pigments found in cyanobacteria
2)cell walls that lack peptidoglycan
3)cells that are isotonic to conditions on the surface of the fish
4)cells containing bacteriorhodopsin
5)the presence of very large numbers of ion pumps in its plasma membrane

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 5 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 4, and 5 
D) 3, 4, and 5 
E) 2, 3, 4, and 5 
A) 2 and 5 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 1, 4, and 5 
D) 3, 4, and 5 
E) 2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 17

Extreme halophiles

Accepted Answer

A) require methane for energy. 
B) live in extremely hot environments. 
C) live in extremely cold environments. 
D) live in highly saline environments. 
E) A and D 
A) require methane for energy. 
B) live in extremely hot environments. 
C) live in extremely cold environments. 
D) live in highly saline environments. 
E) A and D

Question 18

This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents (in other words,food).Thus,this bacterium should be an

Accepted Answer

A) aerobic chemoheterotroph. 
B) aerobic chemoautotroph. 
C) anaerobic chemoheterotroph. 
D) anaerobic chemoautotroph. 
A) aerobic chemoheterotroph. 
B) aerobic chemoautotroph. 
C) anaerobic chemoheterotroph. 
D) anaerobic chemoautotroph.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are correct with respect to endospores?
1)are developed by certain bacteria when essential nutrients are lacking
2)many endospores can survive drought conditions,but cannot survive boiling water
3)endospores can remain dormant but viable for centuries
4)endospores contain water and a copy of the parental chromosome,enabling them to resume metabolism quickly

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 1 and 3 
E) 1 and 4 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 3 and 4 
D) 1 and 3 
E) 1 and 4

Question 20

Members of Bacteria and Archaea benefit humans in all the following ways,with the exception of

Accepted Answer

A) convert milk to yogurt. 
B) synthesize PHA that is used to make biodegradable plastic. 
C) antibiotic resistance. 
D) decompose organic matter in sewage. 
E) produce vitamins and antibiotics. 
A) convert milk to yogurt. 
B) synthesize PHA that is used to make biodegradable plastic. 
C) antibiotic resistance. 
D) decompose organic matter in sewage. 
E) produce vitamins and antibiotics.

Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

In which feature(s)should one be able to locate a complete chromosome of this bacterium? 1)nucleolus 2)prophage 3)endospore 4)nucleoid

You were asked to classify a number of unknown prokaryotes.Which feature of the organisms would allow you to make a positive distinction as to whether they belong to the domain Bacteria or Archaea?

If archaeans are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria,then which of the following is a reasonable prediction?

Match the numbered terms to the description that follows.Choose all appropriate terms. 1)autotroph 2)heterotroph 3)phototroph 4)chemotroph Description: a prokaryote that obtains both energy and carbon as it decomposes dead organisms

How many of these species probably have a cell wall that partly consists of an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide?

Which of the following traits do archaeans and bacteria share? 1)composition of the cell wall 2)presence of plasma membrane 3)lack of a nuclear envelope 4)identical rRNA sequences

You have found a new prokaryote.What line of evidence would support your hypothesis that the organism is a cyanobacterium?

All the following are correct about antibiotic resistance,except

The cell also lacks F factors and F plasmids.Upon its death,this bacterium should be able to participate in

Prokaryotes' essential genetic information is located in the

Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha proteobacteria.They are,however,no longer able to lead independent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosome have moved to the nuclear genome.Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of these genes?

Species D is pathogenic if it gains access to the human intestine.Which other species,if it coinhabited a human intestine along with species D,is most likely to result in a recombinant species that is both pathogenic and resistant to some antibiotics?

Which of the following bacteria forms endospores that can survive for decades?

Consider the thermoacidophile,Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.Which of the following graphs most accurately depicts the expected temperature and pH profiles of its enzymes? (Note: The horizontal axes of these graphs are double,with pH above and temperature below.)

Extreme halophiles

This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents (in other words,food).Thus,this bacterium should be an

Members of Bacteria and Archaea benefit humans in all the following ways,with the exception of

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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