Question 1

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Accepted Answer

A) a base-pair deletion 
B) a codon substitution 
C) a substitution in the last base of a codon 
D) a codon deletion 
E) a point mutation 
A) a base-pair deletion 
B) a codon substitution 
C) a substitution in the last base of a codon 
D) a codon deletion 
E) a point mutation

Question 2

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) ribosomes 
E) GTP 
A) mRNA 
B) DNA 
C) tRNA 
D) ribosomes 
E) GTP

Question 3

A frameshift mutation could result from

Accepted Answer

A) a base insertion only. 
B) a base deletion only. 
C) a base substitution only. 
D) deletion of three consecutive bases. 
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
A) a base insertion only. 
B) a base deletion only. 
C) a base substitution only. 
D) deletion of three consecutive bases. 
E) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Question 4

An original section of DNA has the base sequence 5'AGCGTTACCGT3'.A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence 5'AGGCGTTACCGT3'.This change represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a missense mutation 
B) a point mutation 
C) a silent mutation 
D) a frameshift mutation 
E) a nonsensical mutation 
A) a missense mutation 
B) a point mutation 
C) a silent mutation 
D) a frameshift mutation 
E) a nonsensical mutation

Question 5

What happens during the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA is replicated. 
B) RNA is synthesized. 
C) Proteins are synthesized. 
D) mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 
E) tRNA attaches to ribosomes. 
A) DNA is replicated. 
B) RNA is synthesized. 
C) Proteins are synthesized. 
D) mRNA attaches to ribosomes. 
E) tRNA attaches to ribosomes.

Question 6

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

Accepted Answer

A) binding of ribosomes to mRNA. 
B) shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes. 
C) bonding of the anticodon to the codon. 
D) attachment of amino acids to tRNAs. 
E) bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs. 
A) binding of ribosomes to mRNA. 
B) shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes. 
C) bonding of the anticodon to the codon. 
D) attachment of amino acids to tRNAs. 
E) bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.

Question 7

If a protein is coded for by a single gene and this protein has six clearly defined domains,which number of introns is the gene likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 7 
A) 1 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 12 
E) 7

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. 
B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA. 
C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. 
D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes. 
E) A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus. 
A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus. 
B) Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA. 
C) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing. 
D) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes. 
E) A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

Question 9

Use this representation to answer the following questions.
DNA template strand 5' ____________________________ 3'
DNA complementary strand 3' ____________________________ 5'
-In the transcription event of the previous DNA,where would the promoter be located?

Accepted Answer

A) at the 3' end of the newly made RNA 
B) to the right of the template strand 
C) to the left of the template strand 
D) to the right of the sense strand 
E) to the left of the sense strand 
A) at the 3' end of the newly made RNA 
B) to the right of the template strand 
C) to the left of the template strand 
D) to the right of the sense strand 
E) to the left of the sense strand

Question 10

What is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate 
B) an RNA with enzymatic activity 
C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits 
D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process 
E) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication 
A) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate 
B) an RNA with enzymatic activity 
C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits 
D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process 
E) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication

Question 11

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

Accepted Answer

A) A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. 
B) The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. 
C) The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). 
D) More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid. 
E) DNA is can be transcribed in different reading frames. 
A) A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. 
B) The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. 
C) The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). 
D) More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid. 
E) DNA is can be transcribed in different reading frames.

Question 12

The following questions refer to this table of codons.
  
-What amino acid sequence will be generated,based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'

Accepted Answer

A) met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg 
B) met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu 
C) met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser 
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu 
E) met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu 
A) met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg 
B) met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu 
C) met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser 
D) met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu 
E) met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
A transfer RNA (#1)attached to the amino acid lysine enters the ribosome.The lysine binds to the growing polypeptide on the other tRNA (#2)in the ribosome already.
-Where does tRNA #2 move to after this bonding of lysine to the polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) A site 
B) P site 
C) E site 
D) exit tunnel 
E) directly to the cytosol 
A) A site 
B) P site 
C) E site 
D) exit tunnel 
E) directly to the cytosol

Question 14

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same cell,which of the following is true only of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) It uses RNA polymerase. 
B) It makes a new molecule from its 5' end to its 3' end. 
C) The process is extremely fast once it is initiated. 
D) The process occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. 
E) The entire template molecule is represented in the product. 
A) It uses RNA polymerase. 
B) It makes a new molecule from its 5' end to its 3' end. 
C) The process is extremely fast once it is initiated. 
D) The process occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. 
E) The entire template molecule is represented in the product.

Question 15

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase.Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Accepted Answer

A) ligase 
B) RNA polymerase I 
C) RNA polymerase II 
D) RNA polymerase III 
E) primase 
A) ligase 
B) RNA polymerase I 
C) RNA polymerase II 
D) RNA polymerase III 
E) primase

Question 16

Suppose that a mutation alters the formation of a tRNA such that it still attaches to the same amino acid (phe)but its anticodon loop has the sequence AAU that binds to the mRNA codon UUA (that usually specifies leucine leu).

Accepted Answer

A) The modified tRNA will cause this mRNA to make only nonfunctioning product. 
B) The tRNA-leu will not be able to enter the site of the ribosome to bind to the UUA. 
C) One mutated tRNA molecule will be relatively inconsequential because it will compete with many "normal" ones. 
D) The tRNA will be so unstable that it will not participate in translation. 
E) The mutated tRNA will result in an amino acid variant in all copies of the protein. 
A) The modified tRNA will cause this mRNA to make only nonfunctioning product. 
B) The tRNA-leu will not be able to enter the site of the ribosome to bind to the UUA. 
C) One mutated tRNA molecule will be relatively inconsequential because it will compete with many "normal" ones. 
D) The tRNA will be so unstable that it will not participate in translation. 
E) The mutated tRNA will result in an amino acid variant in all copies of the protein.

Question 17

What key sequence(s)does the spliceosome bind to?

Accepted Answer

A) to the exons 
B) to the 5' UTR 
C) to the 3' UTR 
D) to an adjacent intron and exon 
E) to the end of an intron 
A) to the exons 
B) to the 5' UTR 
C) to the 3' UTR 
D) to an adjacent intron and exon 
E) to the end of an intron

Question 18

Which of the following types of mutation,resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation,is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Accepted Answer

A) a deletion of a codon 
B) a deletion of two nucleotides 
C) a substitution of the third nucleotide in an ACC codon 
D) a substitution of the first nucleotide of a GGG codon 
E) an insertion of a codon 
A) a deletion of a codon 
B) a deletion of two nucleotides 
C) a substitution of the third nucleotide in an ACC codon 
D) a substitution of the first nucleotide of a GGG codon 
E) an insertion of a codon

Question 19

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,what occurs next?

Accepted Answer

A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken. 
E) termination 
A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken. 
E) termination

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
The enzyme polynucleotide phosphorylase randomly assembles nucleotides into a polynucleotide polymer.
-You add polynucleotide phosphorylase to a solution of adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate.How many artificial mRNA 3 nucleotide codons would be possible?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 64 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 16 
E) 64

Exam 17: From Gene to Protein

Which of the following DNA mutations is the most likely to be damaging to the protein it specifies?

Which component is not directly involved in translation?

A frameshift mutation could result from

An original section of DNA has the base sequence 5'AGCGTTACCGT3'.A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence 5'AGGCGTTACCGT3'.This change represents which of the following?

What happens during the process of transcription?

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the

If a protein is coded for by a single gene and this protein has six clearly defined domains,which number of introns is the gene likely to have?

Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?

Use this representation to answer the following questions. DNA template strand 5' ____________________________ 3' DNA complementary strand 3' ____________________________ 5' -In the transcription event of the previous DNA,where would the promoter be located?

What is a ribozyme?

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant?

The following questions refer to this table of codons. -What amino acid sequence will be generated,based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same cell,which of the following is true only of replication?

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase.Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Suppose that a mutation alters the formation of a tRNA such that it still attaches to the same amino acid (phe)but its anticodon loop has the sequence AAU that binds to the mRNA codon UUA (that usually specifies leucine leu).

What key sequence(s)does the spliceosome bind to?

Which of the following types of mutation,resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation,is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,what occurs next?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

Use this representation to answer the following questions. DNA template strand 5' 3' DNA complementary strand 3' 5' -In the transcription event of the previous DNA,where would the promoter be located?