Question 1

Alternative RNA splicing

Accepted Answer

A) is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. 
B) can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA. 
C) can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs. 
D) increases the rate of transcription. 
E) is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs. 
A) is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription. 
B) can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA. 
C) can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs. 
D) increases the rate of transcription. 
E) is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs.

Question 2

When is a single base substitution in DNA least likely to be deleterious?

Accepted Answer

A) When a stop codon results 
B) When the codon that results specifies the same amino acid as the original codon 
C) When the amino acid substitution alters the tertiary structure of the protein 
D) When the amino acid substitution at the active site of an enzyme 
E) When a new start codon is inserted 
A) When a stop codon results 
B) When the codon that results specifies the same amino acid as the original codon 
C) When the amino acid substitution alters the tertiary structure of the protein 
D) When the amino acid substitution at the active site of an enzyme 
E) When a new start codon is inserted

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance,phenylalanine).Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) UGG 
B) GUG 
C) GUA 
D) UUC 
E) CAU 
A) UGG 
B) GUG 
C) GUA 
D) UUC 
E) CAU

Question 4

Put the following events of elongation in prokaryotic translation in chronological order.
1)Binding of mRNA with small ribosomal subunit
2)Recognition of initiation codon
3)Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA
4)Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA
5)Attachment of the large subunit

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 
E) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5 
C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 
E) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. 
B) Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress. 
C) Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles. 
D) Translation requires antibiotic activity. 
E) Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors. 
A) Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be translated. 
B) Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress. 
C) Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular organelles. 
D) Translation requires antibiotic activity. 
E) Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.

Question 6

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

Accepted Answer

A) complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon. 
B) complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA. 
C) the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid. 
D) changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA. 
E) catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme. 
A) complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon. 
B) complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA. 
C) the part of tRNA that bonds to a specific amino acid. 
D) changeable, depending on the amino acid that attaches to the tRNA. 
E) catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.

Question 7

Of the following,which is the most current description of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A) a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic 
B) a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein 
C) a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide 
D) a DNA-RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product 
E) a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids 
A) a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic 
B) a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein 
C) a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide 
D) a DNA-RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product 
E) a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids

Question 8

The following questions refer to this figure of a simple metabolic pathway:
  
-According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis,how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the pathway. 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the pathway.

Question 9

The following questions refer to this table of codons.
  
-A peptide has the sequence NH₂-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH.Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?

Accepted Answer

A) 3' UUU-CCC-AAA-GGG-UUU-CCC 
B) 3' AUG-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG 
C) 5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC 
D) 5' GGG-AAA-TTT-AAA-CCC-ACT-GGG 
E) 5' ACT-TAC-CAT-AAA-CAT-TAC-UGA 
A) 3' UUU-CCC-AAA-GGG-UUU-CCC 
B) 3' AUG-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG 
C) 5' TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC 
D) 5' GGG-AAA-TTT-AAA-CCC-ACT-GGG 
E) 5' ACT-TAC-CAT-AAA-CAT-TAC-UGA

Question 10

Suppose that exposure to a chemical mutagen results in a change in the sequence that alters the 5' end of intron 1 (I₁).What might occur?

Accepted Answer

A) loss of the gene product 
B) loss of E₁ 
C) premature stop to the mRNA 
D) inclusion of I₁ in the mRNA 
E) exclusion of E₂ 
A) loss of the gene product 
B) loss of E₁ 
C) premature stop to the mRNA 
D) inclusion of I₁ in the mRNA 
E) exclusion of E₂

Question 11

How does termination of translation take place?

Accepted Answer

A) The end of the mRNA molecule is reached. 
B) A stop codon is reached. 
C) The 3' cap is reached. 
D) The poly-A tail is reached. 
E) When the ribosome senses an intron 
A) The end of the mRNA molecule is reached. 
B) A stop codon is reached. 
C) The 3' cap is reached. 
D) The poly-A tail is reached. 
E) When the ribosome senses an intron

Question 12

The molecule that links the genotype and phenotype of an organism,is (are)

Accepted Answer

A) protein. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA. 
D) receptor complexes. 
E) ploidy. 
A) protein. 
B) mRNA. 
C) tRNA. 
D) receptor complexes. 
E) ploidy.

Question 13

The following questions refer to this figure of a simple metabolic pathway:
  
-A mutation results in a defective enzyme A.Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of A and no production of B and C 
B) an accumulation of A and B and no production of C 
C) an accumulation of B and no production of A and C 
D) an accumulation of B and C and no production of A 
E) an accumulation of C and no production of A and B 
A) an accumulation of A and no production of B and C 
B) an accumulation of A and B and no production of C 
C) an accumulation of B and no production of A and C 
D) an accumulation of B and C and no production of A 
E) an accumulation of C and no production of A and B

Question 14

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) post-transcriptional splicing 
B) concurrent transcription and translation 
C) translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D) gene regulation 
E) use of redundant codons 
A) post-transcriptional splicing 
B) concurrent transcription and translation 
C) translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D) gene regulation 
E) use of redundant codons

Question 15

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
  
-The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end.What will occur at this 3' end?

Accepted Answer

A) The codon and anticodon complement one another. 
B) The amino acid binds covalently. 
C) The excess nucleotides (ACC
A) will be cleaved off at the ribosome. 
D) The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it. 
E) The 5' cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound. 
A) The codon and anticodon complement one another. 
B) The amino acid binds covalently. 
C) The excess nucleotides (ACC
A) will be cleaved off at the ribosome. 
D) The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it. 
E) The 5' cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of a poly-A signal sequence?

Accepted Answer

A) It adds the poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA. 
B) It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~10-35 nucleotides away. 
C) It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome. 
D) It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase. 
E) It adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mRNA. 
A) It adds the poly-A tail to the 3' end of the mRNA. 
B) It codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage ~10-35 nucleotides away. 
C) It allows the 3' end of the mRNA to attach to the ribosome. 
D) It is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the RNA polymerase. 
E) It adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mRNA.

Question 17

The following information should be used for the next few questions.
A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA).The following charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction)are available.Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form.
  
-The dipeptide that will form will be

Accepted Answer

A) cysteine-alanine. 
B) proline-threonine. 
C) glycine-cysteine. 
D) alanine-alanine. 
E) threonine-glycine. 
A) cysteine-alanine. 
B) proline-threonine. 
C) glycine-cysteine. 
D) alanine-alanine. 
E) threonine-glycine.

Question 18

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms.From this,one can logically assume which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism. 
B) All organisms have experienced convergent evolution. 
C) DNA was the first genetic material. 
D) The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids. 
E) Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids. 
A) A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism. 
B) All organisms have experienced convergent evolution. 
C) DNA was the first genetic material. 
D) The same codons in different organisms translate into the different amino acids. 
E) Different organisms have different numbers of different types of amino acids.

Question 19

Which of the following is directly related to a single amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) the base sequence of the tRNA 
B) the amino acetyl tRNA synthase 
C) the three-base sequence of mRNA 
D) the complementarity of DNA and RNA 
E) a repeating 3 base sequence in telomeres 
A) the base sequence of the tRNA 
B) the amino acetyl tRNA synthase 
C) the three-base sequence of mRNA 
D) the complementarity of DNA and RNA 
E) a repeating 3 base sequence in telomeres

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Yeast is capable of synthesizing the amino acids necessary for survival and can grow on minimal media or enriched media easily.In both conditions,the colonies have a cream colour.The production of adenine is regulated by two genes,ADE1 and ADE2.If either of these genes is defective,adenine cannot be synthesized and the colony will look red (as a result of accumulation of precursors).A common undergraduate lab study is to irradiate yeast cells with ultra violet light from 2-5 sec up to 1-5 minutes,and see what will happen.
-In eukaryotic cells,transcription cannot begin until

Accepted Answer

A) the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter. 
B) several transcription factors have bound to the promoter. 
C) the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA. 
D) the DNA introns are removed from the template. 
E) DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit. 
A) the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter. 
B) several transcription factors have bound to the promoter. 
C) the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA. 
D) the DNA introns are removed from the template. 
E) DNA nucleases have isolated the transcription unit.

Exam 17: From Gene to Protein

Alternative RNA splicing

When is a single base substitution in DNA least likely to be deleterious?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance,phenylalanine).Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?

The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is

Of the following,which is the most current description of a gene?

The following questions refer to this figure of a simple metabolic pathway: -According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis,how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

The following questions refer to this table of codons. -A peptide has the sequence NH₂-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH.Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?

Suppose that exposure to a chemical mutagen results in a change in the sequence that alters the 5' end of intron 1 (I₁).What might occur?

How does termination of translation take place?

The molecule that links the genotype and phenotype of an organism,is (are)

The following questions refer to this figure of a simple metabolic pathway: -A mutation results in a defective enzyme A.Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end.What will occur at this 3' end?

Which of the following is a function of a poly-A signal sequence?

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms.From this,one can logically assume which of the following?

Which of the following is directly related to a single amino acid?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters