Question 1

Research indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms by

Accepted Answer

A) buffering aquatic systems such as lakes and streams. 
B) decreasing the H⁺ concentration of lakes and streams. 
C) increasing the OH⁻ concentration of lakes and streams. 
D) washing away certain mineral ions that help buffer soil solution and are essential nutrients for plant growth. 
E) both decreasing the H⁺ concentration of lakes and streams and increasing the OH⁻ concentration of lakes and streams. 
A) buffering aquatic systems such as lakes and streams. 
B) decreasing the H⁺ concentration of lakes and streams. 
C) increasing the OH⁻ concentration of lakes and streams. 
D) washing away certain mineral ions that help buffer soil solution and are essential nutrients for plant growth. 
E) both decreasing the H⁺ concentration of lakes and streams and increasing the OH⁻ concentration of lakes and streams.

Question 2

One litre of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H⁺)than 1 L of a solution of pH 6?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 times more 
B) 16 times more 
C) 40 000 times more 
D) 10 000 times more 
E) 100 000 times more 
A) 4 times more 
B) 16 times more 
C) 40 000 times more 
D) 10 000 times more 
E) 100 000 times more

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the formation of hydrogen bonds in water?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrogen bonds are almost as strong as a covalent bond. 
B) The hydrogen bonds organize water molecules into a higher level of structural order. 
C) Each water molecule will tend to form hydrogen bonds repeatedly with the same partner. 
D) Only a small fraction of the molecules in water molecules will be involved in hydrogen bonds at any given instant. 
E) The hydrogen bonds that forms between adjacent water molecules remain intact for several seconds. 
A) Hydrogen bonds are almost as strong as a covalent bond. 
B) The hydrogen bonds organize water molecules into a higher level of structural order. 
C) Each water molecule will tend to form hydrogen bonds repeatedly with the same partner. 
D) Only a small fraction of the molecules in water molecules will be involved in hydrogen bonds at any given instant. 
E) The hydrogen bonds that forms between adjacent water molecules remain intact for several seconds.

Question 4

What is the hydrogen ion [H⁺] concentration of a solution of pH 8?

Accepted Answer

A) 8 M 
B) 8 x 10⁻⁶ M 
C) 0)01 M 
D) 10⁻⁸ M 
E) 10⁻⁶ M 
A) 8 M 
B) 8 x 10⁻⁶ M 
C) 0)01 M 
D) 10⁻⁸ M 
E) 10⁻⁶ M

Question 5

Sulphur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen,but has electronegativity similar to carbon.Compared to water molecules,molecules of H₂S

Accepted Answer

A) will ionize more readily. 
B) will have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S. 
C) will have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D) will have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E) will not form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
A) will ionize more readily. 
B) will have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S. 
C) will have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other. 
D) will have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature. 
E) will not form hydrogen bonds with each other.

Question 6

The biological significance of water being its densest at 4°C is that

Accepted Answer

A) bodies of water do not freeze solid. 
B) floating ice allows for a solid surface in open water. 
C) ice functions as a protective barrier in ponds and lakes. 
D) organisms are best adapted to 4°C. 
E) oceans are never colder than 4°C. 
A) bodies of water do not freeze solid. 
B) floating ice allows for a solid surface in open water. 
C) ice functions as a protective barrier in ponds and lakes. 
D) organisms are best adapted to 4°C. 
E) oceans are never colder than 4°C.

Question 7

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH⁻] concentration of 10⁻¹² ᴹ?

Accepted Answer

A) pH 2 
B) pH 4 
C) pH 10 
D) pH 12 
E) pH 14 
A) pH 2 
B) pH 4 
C) pH 10 
D) pH 12 
E) pH 14

Question 8

The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf.Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other.A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates.The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants.What do you expect the scientist's data will indicate from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance. 
B) The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound. 
C) Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion. 
D) Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water. 
E) Transpiration will rise quickly, fall, and then reach an intermediate level as the plants move from transpiring water to the non-polar solution. 
A) The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance. 
B) The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound. 
C) Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion. 
D) Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water. 
E) Transpiration will rise quickly, fall, and then reach an intermediate level as the plants move from transpiring water to the non-polar solution.

Question 9

A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13.A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1.Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this mixing?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentration of Na⁺ ion rises. 
B) The concentration of Cl⁻ ion will be 0.1 M. 
C) The concentration of undissociated H₂O molecules remains unchanged. 
D) The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral. 
E) The pH of the beaker's contents falls. 
A) The concentration of Na⁺ ion rises. 
B) The concentration of Cl⁻ ion will be 0.1 M. 
C) The concentration of undissociated H₂O molecules remains unchanged. 
D) The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral. 
E) The pH of the beaker's contents falls.

Question 10

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bonds. 
B) hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
C) covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules. 
D) polar covalent bonds. 
E) nonpolar covalent bonds. 
A) ionic bonds. 
B) hydrogen bonds between water molecules. 
C) covalent bonds between atoms within water molecules. 
D) polar covalent bonds. 
E) nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 11

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

Accepted Answer

A) Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B) Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. 
C) A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D) The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E) Evaporation of the water in the drink increases. 
A) Molecular collisions in the drink increase. 
B) Kinetic energy in the drink decreases. 
C) A calorie of heat energy is transferred from the ice to the water of the drink. 
D) The specific heat of the water in the drink decreases. 
E) Evaporation of the water in the drink increases.

Question 12

What is the major area of biological concern regarding acidification of the oceans?

Accepted Answer

A) They will become too acidic for life. 
B) There will not be enough carbonate available for organisms to make calcium carbonate. 
C) There will be too much bicarbonate, making the oceans basic. 
D) There will be too much CO₂ released back into the atmosphere. 
E) They will become too polluted for human use. 
A) They will become too acidic for life. 
B) There will not be enough carbonate available for organisms to make calcium carbonate. 
C) There will be too much bicarbonate, making the oceans basic. 
D) There will be too much CO₂ released back into the atmosphere. 
E) They will become too polluted for human use.

Exam 3: Water and Life

Research indicates that acid precipitation can damage living organisms by

One litre of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H⁺)than 1 L of a solution of pH 6?

Which of the following correctly describes the formation of hydrogen bonds in water?

What is the hydrogen ion [H⁺] concentration of a solution of pH 8?

Sulphur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen,but has electronegativity similar to carbon.Compared to water molecules,molecules of H₂S

The biological significance of water being its densest at 4°C is that

What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH⁻] concentration of 10⁻¹² ᴹ?

A beaker contains 100 mL of NaOH solution at pH = 13.A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1.Which of the following statements correctly describes the results of this mixing?

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

Which of the following takes place as an ice cube cools a drink?

What is the major area of biological concern regarding acidification of the oceans?

Introduction: Evolution and Themes of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure,Growth,and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons,Synapses,and Signalling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behaviour

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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