Exam 24: Evolution of Genes and Genomes

Refer back to Figure 14.6 to answer this question. Which of the following nucleotide substitutions in a codon in a gene that codes for a protein would likely have the most harmful affect on the activity of the protein?

Copies of genes in the same or different species that are related as the result of gene duplications are known as

Which of the following statements about the genomes of organisms is false?

Genes found in different species that diverge as a result of speciation are called _______, whereas genes in the same or different organism that arise by gene duplication are called _______.

To determine the rates at which organisms lose DNA, researchers have used _______ that have LTRs.

The capacity for an allele to interact well with other genes of the genome will affect whether this allele will persist in the population. This phenomenon is an illustration of which of the following evolutionary forces or principles?

Which of the following statements about lysozymes is false?

In a sequence of DNA taken from various species of snails, researchers have found that the rates of nonsynonymous substitutions and synonymous substitutions are roughly the same. What can we infer from this pattern?

Comparisons of the genes that code for lysozyme and the amino acid sequence of the enzyme from a number of organisms revealed that

Which of the following statements about the enzyme lysozyme is true?

One reason that crickets (Laupala) have a larger genome size than fruit flies (Drosophila) is that crickets

A hypothetical protein sequence taken from humans is 161 amino acids long. The homologous sequence in chimpanzees is 160 amino acids long. Which of the following is most likely needed to align the sequences?

A biologist is examining species of plants found in Thailand in the hope of finding a naturally occurring treatment for cancer. This project is an example of

Ribosomal RNA genes

The enzyme _______ has evolved new functions in animals that perform foregut _______.

A mutation in a gene in which an A is changed to a G is called a _______ whereas a mutation of A to T is called a _______. The former type of mutation occurs at a _______ frequency than the latter.

Which of the following statements about gene duplication is false?

A similarity matrix gives us a measure of the _______ number of changes that have occurred during the divergence between pairs of organisms.

Which of the following represents the correct ordering (from fastest to slowest) of the average rate of evolution of nonsynonymous substitutions, synonymous substitutions, and pseudogenes?

Which of the following is not a reason that bacteria would be especially useful for laboratory studies of molecular evolution?