Question 1

A social group is said to be eusocial if

Accepted Answer

A)  group members interact very intensively. 
B)  some group members produce many more offspring than others do. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy exists among group members. 
D)  young individuals remain in the group to help their parents rear other offspring. 
E)  the group contains nonreproductive helper individuals. 
A)  group members interact very intensively. 
B)  some group members produce many more offspring than others do. 
C)  a dominance hierarchy exists among group members. 
D)  young individuals remain in the group to help their parents rear other offspring. 
E)  the group contains nonreproductive helper individuals. E

Question 2

A pigeon has been trained to feed at food bins at the eastern end of a circular cage from which it can see the sky. There are food bins at the N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW ends of the cage. Based on this information, answer the following questions:
a. If the cage is covered and a fixed light source is presented at the east end of the cage at the time of sunrise, where will the pigeon search for food at noon?
b. If a mirror is used to shift the apparent position of the sun at noon from the south to the northwest, where will the pigeon search for food?
c. The bird has been placed in a light-controlled environment for three weeks and phase-delayed by six hours. If the pigeon is returned to the cage under natural lighting conditions at sunset, where will it search for food?

Accepted Answer

a. The pigeon will eat from the northern bin at noon. Normally at noon the sun is in the south, and the bird would eat from the eastern bin that is 90° to the left of the sun. With the light in the east, the bird would eat in the north, which is 90° to the left of the light.
b. The bird will go to the bin that is 90° from the sun at noon, and will feed from the southwestern food bin.
c. At sunset the eastern bin with food would normally be 180° from the sun in the west. After the bird has been phase-delayed six hours, it will think that the setting sun is the noon sun. At noon the bird usually eats from the eastern bin, which is located 90° to the left of the sun. Therefore, the bird will eat from the southern bin.

Question 3

Flycatchers assess the suitability of an area for nest building by

Accepted Answer

A)  observing the number of chicks in the nests of conspecifics. 
B)  surveying the area to see how many adults are present. 
C)  comparing the amount of shade available in each area. 
D)  foraging for one hour in each of several areas. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  observing the number of chicks in the nests of conspecifics. 
B)  surveying the area to see how many adults are present. 
C)  comparing the amount of shade available in each area. 
D)  foraging for one hour in each of several areas. 
E)  None of the above A

Question 4

If a dog makes three quick barks whenever it hears the doorbell ringing, the doorbell can be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinter. 
B)  releaser. 
C)  ultimate cause. 
D)  provoker. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  imprinter. 
B)  releaser. 
C)  ultimate cause. 
D)  provoker. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements about studies of songbirds is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The brains of male and female songbirds are similar in the nonbreeding season. 
B)  New neurons are not produced in the brains of adult vertebrates. 
C)  In male songbirds, testosterone affects only the brain. 
D)  Testosterone causes the song-learning portions of the male songbird's brain to shrink. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The brains of male and female songbirds are similar in the nonbreeding season. 
B)  New neurons are not produced in the brains of adult vertebrates. 
C)  In male songbirds, testosterone affects only the brain. 
D)  Testosterone causes the song-learning portions of the male songbird's brain to shrink. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following would promote the evolution of eusociality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imprinting 
B)  Opportunity costs 
C)  Inbreeding 
D)  Diploidy 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Imprinting 
B)  Opportunity costs 
C)  Inbreeding 
D)  Diploidy 
E)  None of the above

Question 7

Altruistic behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  can increase an individual's inclusive fitness. 
B)  depends on haplodiploid sex determination. 
C)  is most common between unrelated individuals. 
D)  always causes a net decrease in the performer's fitness. 
E)  characterizes a monogamous mating system. 
A)  can increase an individual's inclusive fitness. 
B)  depends on haplodiploid sex determination. 
C)  is most common between unrelated individuals. 
D)  always causes a net decrease in the performer's fitness. 
E)  characterizes a monogamous mating system.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about piloting is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piloting is used by some wasps to find their nests. 
B)  Piloting is useful only for short-distance migrations. 
C)  Gray whales use piloting while moving from their wintering grounds to their summering grounds. 
D)  Water currents can be used as piloting cues. 
E)  Wind patterns can be used as piloting cues. 
A)  Piloting is used by some wasps to find their nests. 
B)  Piloting is useful only for short-distance migrations. 
C)  Gray whales use piloting while moving from their wintering grounds to their summering grounds. 
D)  Water currents can be used as piloting cues. 
E)  Wind patterns can be used as piloting cues.

Question 9

The environment in which an organism lives is called its

Accepted Answer

A)  lek. 
B)  tribe. 
C)  habitat. 
D)  population. 
E)  biome. 
A)  lek. 
B)  tribe. 
C)  habitat. 
D)  population. 
E)  biome.

Question 10

Planktonic larvae of marine organisms recognize appropriate substratum on which to settle by means of

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting. 
B)  the waggle dance. 
C)  foraging. 
D)  bicoordinate navigation. 
E)  chemosensory cues. 
A)  imprinting. 
B)  the waggle dance. 
C)  foraging. 
D)  bicoordinate navigation. 
E)  chemosensory cues.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a component of the cost of a particular behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energetic cost 
B)  Territory cost 
C)  Risk cost 
D)  Opportunity cost 
E)  Both a and d 
A)  Energetic cost 
B)  Territory cost 
C)  Risk cost 
D)  Opportunity cost 
E)  Both a and d

Question 12

Which of the following statements about communication is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Complex information cannot be conveyed by pheromones. 
B)  Visual signaling is advantageous in complex environments. 
C)  Acoustic communication always reveals the location of the signaler. 
D)  An advantage of pheromones is that the message can persist over time. 
E)  The dance of honey bees is an example of visual signaling. 
A)  Complex information cannot be conveyed by pheromones. 
B)  Visual signaling is advantageous in complex environments. 
C)  Acoustic communication always reveals the location of the signaler. 
D)  An advantage of pheromones is that the message can persist over time. 
E)  The dance of honey bees is an example of visual signaling.

Question 13

The round dance of bees combines _______ and _______ signals.

Accepted Answer

A)  tactile; visual 
B)  visual; electric 
C)  auditory; visual 
D)  tactile; chemical 
E)  visual; chemical 
A)  tactile; visual 
B)  visual; electric 
C)  auditory; visual 
D)  tactile; chemical 
E)  visual; chemical

Question 14

Which of the following is a disadvantage of visual signals?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are difficult to produce. 
B)  The transition from one to another usually takes a long time. 
C)  They require that the receiver look at the sender. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  They are difficult to produce. 
B)  The transition from one to another usually takes a long time. 
C)  They require that the receiver look at the sender. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all eusocial species?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sex determination system in which males are haploid and females are diploid 
B)  Queens that mate with a single male 
C)  The presence of sterile classes 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above 
A)  A sex determination system in which males are haploid and females are diploid 
B)  Queens that mate with a single male 
C)  The presence of sterile classes 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is required for a mother goat to engage in proper nuzzling and licking of her newborn baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels of the hormone oxytocin 
B)  Proper functioning of the fosB gene 
C)  Olfactory cues from the newborn goats 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  High levels of the hormone oxytocin 
B)  Proper functioning of the fosB gene 
C)  Olfactory cues from the newborn goats 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 17

Which of the following requires an animal to "know" the latitude and longitude of its current position and its intended destination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicoordinate navigation 
B)  Tried-and-true navigation 
C)  Piloting 
D)  Distance-and-direction navigation 
E)  Homing 
A)  Bicoordinate navigation 
B)  Tried-and-true navigation 
C)  Piloting 
D)  Distance-and-direction navigation 
E)  Homing

Question 18

At a low density of prey, the bluegill sunfish

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes highly selective and eats only large, energy-rich prey. 
B)  minimizes its rate of energy intake. 
C)  eats prey of all sizes. 
D)  consumes a disproportionate number of medium-sized prey. 
E)  stops eating and goes into hibernation. 
A)  becomes highly selective and eats only large, energy-rich prey. 
B)  minimizes its rate of energy intake. 
C)  eats prey of all sizes. 
D)  consumes a disproportionate number of medium-sized prey. 
E)  stops eating and goes into hibernation.

Question 19

If an animal with a circadian clock of about 25 hours is kept in the dark without environmental time cues, it will

Accepted Answer

A)  become active one hour earlier each day. 
B)  become active at the same time each day. 
C)  become active one hour later each day. 
D)  become active two hours earlier each day. 
E)  have an unpredictable pattern of activity. 
A)  become active one hour earlier each day. 
B)  become active at the same time each day. 
C)  become active one hour later each day. 
D)  become active two hours earlier each day. 
E)  have an unpredictable pattern of activity.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a component of the cost of performing a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its energetic cost 
B)  The risk of being injured 
C)  Its opportunity cost 
D)  The risk of being attacked by a predator 
E)  Its information cost 
A)  Its energetic cost 
B)  The risk of being injured 
C)  Its opportunity cost 
D)  The risk of being attacked by a predator 
E)  Its information cost

Exam 53: Animal Behavior

A social group is said to be eusocial if

Flycatchers assess the suitability of an area for nest building by

If a dog makes three quick barks whenever it hears the doorbell ringing, the doorbell can be considered a(n)

Which of the following statements about studies of songbirds is true?

Which of the following would promote the evolution of eusociality?

Altruistic behavior

Which of the following statements about piloting is false?

The environment in which an organism lives is called its

Planktonic larvae of marine organisms recognize appropriate substratum on which to settle by means of

Which of the following is not a component of the cost of a particular behavior?

Which of the following statements about communication is true?

The round dance of bees combines _______ and _______ signals.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of visual signals?

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all eusocial species?

Which of the following is required for a mother goat to engage in proper nuzzling and licking of her newborn baby?

Which of the following requires an animal to "know" the latitude and longitude of its current position and its intended destination?

At a low density of prey, the bluegill sunfish

If an animal with a circadian clock of about 25 hours is kept in the dark without environmental time cues, it will

Which of the following is not a component of the cost of performing a behavior?

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The round dance of bees combines _ and _ signals.