Question 1

Finches speciated in the Galápagos Islands because

Accepted Answer

A)  the Galápagos Islands are not far from the mainland. 
B)  the Galápagos Islands are thought to promote sympatric speciation in birds. 
C)  hybridization across different island populations of finches led to high levels of polyploidy. 
D)  the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are sufficiently isolated from one another that there is little migration among them. 
E)  the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are close enough to one another that there is considerable migration among them. 
A)  the Galápagos Islands are not far from the mainland. 
B)  the Galápagos Islands are thought to promote sympatric speciation in birds. 
C)  hybridization across different island populations of finches led to high levels of polyploidy. 
D)  the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are sufficiently isolated from one another that there is little migration among them. 
E)  the islands of the Galápagos archipelago are close enough to one another that there is considerable migration among them. D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin focused on the underlying causes of speciation. 
B)  Darwin lacked the tools of modern genetics. 
C)  The title of Darwin's most famous book reflected his recognition of the preeminent importance of the origin of new species in biological science. 
D)  The origin of new species involves the splitting and divergence of a single lineage into distinct species. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  Darwin focused on the underlying causes of speciation. 
B)  Darwin lacked the tools of modern genetics. 
C)  The title of Darwin's most famous book reflected his recognition of the preeminent importance of the origin of new species in biological science. 
D)  The origin of new species involves the splitting and divergence of a single lineage into distinct species. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. A

Question 3

The notion of potentiality in Mayr's definition of "potentially interbreeding" species applies mainly to populations of organisms that are

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric. 
B)  existing in hybrid zones. 
C)  allopatric. 
D)  asexual. 
E)  experiencing an adaptive radiation. 
A)  sympatric. 
B)  existing in hybrid zones. 
C)  allopatric. 
D)  asexual. 
E)  experiencing an adaptive radiation. C

Question 4

An evolutionary biologist makes decisions about whether to classify different salmon populations as separate species based on their phylogenies. This biologist is most likely employing the _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An evolutionary biologist makes decisions about whether...

Question 5

The binomial system of nomenclature, by which we still classify species, was originated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Thomas Malthus. 
C)  Carl Sagan. 
D)  Ernst Mayr. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Charles Darwin. 
B)  Thomas Malthus. 
C)  Carl Sagan. 
D)  Ernst Mayr. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not a suggested reason for the adaptive radiation of silverswords on the Hawaiian archipelago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water is an effective barrier for many organisms. 
B)  Because islands are small compared with mainland areas, more species would be expected to develop there. 
C)  Competition is frequently reduced on islands. 
D)  More ecological opportunities exist on islands that have not been colonized by many species. 
E)  Neither b nor d is a suggested reason. 
A)  Water is an effective barrier for many organisms. 
B)  Because islands are small compared with mainland areas, more species would be expected to develop there. 
C)  Competition is frequently reduced on islands. 
D)  More ecological opportunities exist on islands that have not been colonized by many species. 
E)  Neither b nor d is a suggested reason.

Question 7

Even trained biologists have difficulty telling females of Drosophila melanogaster and D. sechellia apart, and yet these species are reproductively isolated. Thus, these species are considered _______ species.

Accepted Answer

A)  lineage 
B)  morphological 
C)  cryptic 
D)  Coyne's 
E)  sympatric 
A)  lineage 
B)  morphological 
C)  cryptic 
D)  Coyne's 
E)  sympatric

Question 8

Polyploidy can arise from the combining of the chromosomes of two different species. This is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polyploidy can arise from the combining of...

Question 9

Which of the following is the most likely sequence of events in geographic speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Geographic barrier, reproductive isolation, genetic divergence 
B)  Geographic barrier, genetic divergence, reproductive isolation 
C)  Genetic divergence, geographic barrier, reproductive isolation 
D)  Genetic divergence, reproductive isolation, geographic barrier 
E)  Reproductive isolation, genetic divergence, geographic barrier 
A)  Geographic barrier, reproductive isolation, genetic divergence 
B)  Geographic barrier, genetic divergence, reproductive isolation 
C)  Genetic divergence, geographic barrier, reproductive isolation 
D)  Genetic divergence, reproductive isolation, geographic barrier 
E)  Reproductive isolation, genetic divergence, geographic barrier

Question 10

The biological species concept defines a species as a group of

Accepted Answer

A)  actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
B)  potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
C)  actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
D)  actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively connected to other such groups. 
E)  actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively connected to other such groups. 
A)  actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
B)  potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
C)  actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. 
D)  actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively connected to other such groups. 
E)  actually interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively connected to other such groups.

Question 11

Mayr's definition of species asserts that _______ isolation is the most important criterion for identifying species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mayr's definition of species asserts that _______...

Question 12

Which of the following is not a postzygotic isolation mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abnormal meiosis following fertilization 
B)  Infertile hybrids 
C)  Reduced viability of hybrids 
D)  Abnormal mitosis following fertilization 
E)  Variation in mating pheromones 
A)  Abnormal meiosis following fertilization 
B)  Infertile hybrids 
C)  Reduced viability of hybrids 
D)  Abnormal mitosis following fertilization 
E)  Variation in mating pheromones

Question 13

Four hypothetical families of birds (1) are endemic either to a single large island or to an island group (archipelago) far from the nearest continental land mass, and (2) have either monogamous or promiscuous mating systems in their species. In which of the four would you predict the highest rate of speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The single-island family whose species are promiscuous 
B)  The archipelago family whose species are monogamous 
C)  The single-island family whose species are monogamous 
D)  The archipelago family whose species are promiscuous 
E)  The rate of speciation cannot be predicted from the factors mentioned above. 
A)  The single-island family whose species are promiscuous 
B)  The archipelago family whose species are monogamous 
C)  The single-island family whose species are monogamous 
D)  The archipelago family whose species are promiscuous 
E)  The rate of speciation cannot be predicted from the factors mentioned above.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about Levin's studies with Phlox species is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The studies demonstrated the existence of reinforcement operating between these species. 
B)  The color pattern of Phlox drummondii influences the extent to which it will mate with other species. 
C)  P. drummondii and P. cuspidata are allopatric species. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  The studies demonstrated the existence of reinforcement operating between these species. 
B)  The color pattern of Phlox drummondii influences the extent to which it will mate with other species. 
C)  P. drummondii and P. cuspidata are allopatric species. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 15

The biological species concept is most closely associated with which of the following scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Ernst Mayr 
C)  Margaret Dayhoff 
D)  Alan Templeton 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus 
A)  Charles Darwin 
B)  Ernst Mayr 
C)  Margaret Dayhoff 
D)  Alan Templeton 
E)  Carolus Linnaeus

Question 16

Which of the following statements about prezygotic barriers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can arise from the evolution of the structure of sexual organs. 
B)  They can arise from the specific interaction of plants with insect pollinators. 
C)  They can arise from mate selection behaviors. 
D)  They can arise from low fertility of hybrids. 
E)  They can arise from differences in mating periods. 
A)  They can arise from the evolution of the structure of sexual organs. 
B)  They can arise from the specific interaction of plants with insect pollinators. 
C)  They can arise from mate selection behaviors. 
D)  They can arise from low fertility of hybrids. 
E)  They can arise from differences in mating periods.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about Hawaiian silverswords is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are genetically diverse. 
B)  They exhibit extraordinary morphological diversity. 
C)  Their opportunities to exploit the "tree" way of life have been preempted. 
D)  They share a very distant common ancestor that currently lives in Asia. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  They are genetically diverse. 
B)  They exhibit extraordinary morphological diversity. 
C)  Their opportunities to exploit the "tree" way of life have been preempted. 
D)  They share a very distant common ancestor that currently lives in Asia. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

Ginkgo trees grow in Asia and North America and thus are divided into two groups that are geographically separated. What aspect of Mayr's framing of the biological species concept classifies these populations as belonging to the same species?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are reproductively isolated. 
B)  The two populations are potentially capable of exchanging genes. 
C)  They exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  They have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  They have formed a large hybrid zone. 
A)  They are reproductively isolated. 
B)  The two populations are potentially capable of exchanging genes. 
C)  They exchange genes across the Pacific Ocean. 
D)  They have different evolutionary ancestries. 
E)  They have formed a large hybrid zone.

Question 19

The proliferation of a large number of daughter species from a single common ancestor is called an evolutionary _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proliferation of a large number of...

Question 20

Studies of the columbines Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens illustrate that

Accepted Answer

A)  hybrids rarely form between these species because the two species are not interfertile. 
B)  hawkmoths prefer one species over the other because of differences between the species in the color of light that they emit. 
C)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. formosa are turned upright. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  hybrids rarely form between these species because the two species are not interfertile. 
B)  hawkmoths prefer one species over the other because of differences between the species in the color of light that they emit. 
C)  hawkmoths show equal preference for the two species if the flowers of A. formosa are turned upright. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Exam 23: Species and Their Formation

Finches speciated in the Galápagos Islands because

Which of the following statements is false?

The notion of potentiality in Mayr's definition of "potentially interbreeding" species applies mainly to populations of organisms that are

An evolutionary biologist makes decisions about whether to classify different salmon populations as separate species based on their phylogenies. This biologist is most likely employing the _______ species concept.

The binomial system of nomenclature, by which we still classify species, was originated by

Which of the following is not a suggested reason for the adaptive radiation of silverswords on the Hawaiian archipelago?

Even trained biologists have difficulty telling females of Drosophila melanogaster and D. sechellia apart, and yet these species are reproductively isolated. Thus, these species are considered _______ species.

Polyploidy can arise from the combining of the chromosomes of two different species. This is known as _______.

Which of the following is the most likely sequence of events in geographic speciation?

The biological species concept defines a species as a group of

Mayr's definition of species asserts that _______ isolation is the most important criterion for identifying species.

Which of the following is not a postzygotic isolation mechanism?

Which of the following statements about Levin's studies with Phlox species is true?

The biological species concept is most closely associated with which of the following scientists?

Which of the following statements about prezygotic barriers is false?

Which of the following statements about Hawaiian silverswords is true?

Ginkgo trees grow in Asia and North America and thus are divided into two groups that are geographically separated. What aspect of Mayr's framing of the biological species concept classifies these populations as belonging to the same species?

The proliferation of a large number of daughter species from a single common ancestor is called an evolutionary _______.

Studies of the columbines Aquilegia formosa and A. pubescens illustrate that

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