Question 1

In most aquatic systems, the dominant photosynthesizers are

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  Protists 
C)  Amoebae 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  bacteria 
B)  Protists 
C)  Amoebae 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c D

Question 2

Primary succession begins

Accepted Answer

A)  soon after a disturbance ends. 
B)  at varying times after a disturbance ends. 
C)  at sites where some organisms have survived a disturbance. 
D)  at sites where no organisms have survived a disturbance. 
E)  at sites where only primary producers have survived a disturbance. 
A)  soon after a disturbance ends. 
B)  at varying times after a disturbance ends. 
C)  at sites where some organisms have survived a disturbance. 
D)  at sites where no organisms have survived a disturbance. 
E)  at sites where only primary producers have survived a disturbance. D

Question 3

In which of the following communities would one expect to see greater energy flow into primary consumers than into primary producers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Forest 
B)  Grassland 
C)  Open ocean 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Forest 
B)  Grassland 
C)  Open ocean 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above C

Question 4

Sorenson's index measures _______ diversity.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  functional 
D)  gamma 
E)  delta 
A)  alpha 
B)  beta 
C)  functional 
D)  gamma 
E)  delta

Question 5

The plants that grow best on recently formed moraines at Glacier Bay are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  grow under conditions of low oxygen. 
B)  are superior competitors. 
C)  form mutualisms with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
D)  are highly resistant to herbivores. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  grow under conditions of low oxygen. 
B)  are superior competitors. 
C)  form mutualisms with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
D)  are highly resistant to herbivores. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

David Tilman's experiments showed that plots with more species are _______ productive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of David Tilman's experiments showed that plots with...

Question 7

Grain is eaten by cows, and cows are eaten by humans. If the ecological transfer efficiency between each trophic level is 10 percent, how much grain is required to produce 70 kg of human biomass?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 kg 
B)  70 kg 
C)  700 kg 
D)  7,000 kg 
E)  70,000 kg 
A)  7 kg 
B)  70 kg 
C)  700 kg 
D)  7,000 kg 
E)  70,000 kg

Question 8

If gross primary productivity is 309 units and the respiration rate is 147 units, then net primary productivity is _______ units.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If gross primary productivity is 309 units...

Question 9

Most of the biomass of a grassland is found in

Accepted Answer

A)  animals. 
B)  the soil. 
C)  the atmosphere. 
D)  green plants. 
E)  water. 
A)  animals. 
B)  the soil. 
C)  the atmosphere. 
D)  green plants. 
E)  water.

Question 10

Which of the following hypotheses is not related to the latitudinal diversity gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  The time hypothesis 
B)  The trophic hypothesis 
C)  The spatial heterogeneity hypothesis 
D)  The specialization hypothesis 
E)  The predation hypothesis 
A)  The time hypothesis 
B)  The trophic hypothesis 
C)  The spatial heterogeneity hypothesis 
D)  The specialization hypothesis 
E)  The predation hypothesis

Question 11

A community ecologist would most likely be concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  energy flow through an ecosystem. 
B)  population growth of a single species. 
C)  interactions among individuals of the same species living together in a small area. 
D)  interactions among individuals of different species living together in a small area. 
E)  the cycling of matter through biotic and abiotic components of an area. 
A)  energy flow through an ecosystem. 
B)  population growth of a single species. 
C)  interactions among individuals of the same species living together in a small area. 
D)  interactions among individuals of different species living together in a small area. 
E)  the cycling of matter through biotic and abiotic components of an area.

Question 12

The number of trophic levels in most communities is limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of decomposers. 
B)  predation. 
C)  competitive exclusion. 
D)  succession. 
E)  the loss of energy between trophic levels. 
A)  the presence of decomposers. 
B)  predation. 
C)  competitive exclusion. 
D)  succession. 
E)  the loss of energy between trophic levels.

Question 13

A plant in the dark uses 0.02 ml of O2 per minute. The same plant in sunlight releases 0.14 ml of O2 per minute. Its rate of gross primary production would be approximately _______ ml of O2 per minute.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.02 
B)  0.12 
C)  0.14 
D)  0.16 
E)  0.18 
A)  0.02 
B)  0.12 
C)  0.14 
D)  0.16 
E)  0.18

Question 14

Despite being so low in abundance that it is classified as a "near threatened" species, the jaguar plays an important role in structuring forest communities. It is thus considered a _______ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Despite being so low in abundance that...

Question 15

Gravel deposits formed where glacial fronts have remained stationary for many years are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gravel deposits formed where glacial fronts have...

Question 16

Populations of species living close enough together for potential interactions constitute a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystem. 
B)  community. 
C)  population. 
D)  food web. 
E)  symbiosis. 
A)  ecosystem. 
B)  community. 
C)  population. 
D)  food web. 
E)  symbiosis.

Question 17

Many species of birds eat plants as well as other animals. They thus belong to the _______ trophic level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many species of birds eat plants as...

Question 18

The species that live and interact in a particular area constitute an ecological _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The species that live and interact in...

Question 19

Although the consequences of various kinds of disturbances are highly variable, their results conform to a general pattern. This general pattern is called

Accepted Answer

A)  succession. 
B)  general disturbance. 
C)  disaster equilibrium. 
D)  general equilibrium. 
E)  intermediate equilibrium. 
A)  succession. 
B)  general disturbance. 
C)  disaster equilibrium. 
D)  general equilibrium. 
E)  intermediate equilibrium.

Question 20

Which of the following resulted from Robert Paine's removing the predator sea star from parts of the intertidal zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many species disappeared from the environment. 
B)  The species richness increased. 
C)  One species of mussel, Mytilus californianus, benefited. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  Many species disappeared from the environment. 
B)  The species richness increased. 
C)  One species of mussel, Mytilus californianus, benefited. 
D)  Both a and c 
E)  Both b and c

Exam 57: Community Ecology

In most aquatic systems, the dominant photosynthesizers are

Primary succession begins

In which of the following communities would one expect to see greater energy flow into primary consumers than into primary producers?

Sorenson's index measures _______ diversity.

The plants that grow best on recently formed moraines at Glacier Bay are those that

David Tilman's experiments showed that plots with more species are _______ productive.

Grain is eaten by cows, and cows are eaten by humans. If the ecological transfer efficiency between each trophic level is 10 percent, how much grain is required to produce 70 kg of human biomass?

If gross primary productivity is 309 units and the respiration rate is 147 units, then net primary productivity is _______ units.

Most of the biomass of a grassland is found in

Which of the following hypotheses is not related to the latitudinal diversity gradient?

A community ecologist would most likely be concerned with

The number of trophic levels in most communities is limited by

A plant in the dark uses 0.02 ml of O2 per minute. The same plant in sunlight releases 0.14 ml of O2 per minute. Its rate of gross primary production would be approximately _______ ml of O2 per minute.

Despite being so low in abundance that it is classified as a "near threatened" species, the jaguar plays an important role in structuring forest communities. It is thus considered a _______ species.

Gravel deposits formed where glacial fronts have remained stationary for many years are known as _______.

Populations of species living close enough together for potential interactions constitute a(n)

Many species of birds eat plants as well as other animals. They thus belong to the _______ trophic level.

The species that live and interact in a particular area constitute an ecological _______.

Although the consequences of various kinds of disturbances are highly variable, their results conform to a general pattern. This general pattern is called

Which of the following resulted from Robert Paine's removing the predator sea star from parts of the intertidal zone?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

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A plant in the dark uses 0.02 ml of O₂ per minute. The same plant in sunlight releases 0.14 ml of O₂ per minute. Its rate of gross primary production would be approximately _______ ml of O₂ per minute.