Question 1

Which of the following statements about wolves in Yellowstone National Park is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the only predators of moose and elk. 
B)  Their disappearance led directly to the severe reduction of young aspen trees. 
C)  Their disappearance led indirectly to the severe reduction of young aspen trees. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  They are the only predators of moose and elk. 
B)  Their disappearance led directly to the severe reduction of young aspen trees. 
C)  Their disappearance led indirectly to the severe reduction of young aspen trees. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 2

The extinction of a predatory bird leads to an increase in the population size of a small mammal, which in turn leads to a decrease in the population size of the plants on which the mammal feeds. This is an example of a _______, which is caused by a series of _______ effects.

Accepted Answer

trophic ca

Question 3

Which of the following is a primary producer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spider 
B)  Earthworm 
C)  Oak tree 
D)  Human 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Spider 
B)  Earthworm 
C)  Oak tree 
D)  Human 
E)  None of the above

Question 4

A study of diversity patterns in an agricultural area of southern England showed that rivers have _______ alpha diversity and _______ beta diversity.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; high 
B)  high; low 
C)  high; negative 
D)  low; high 
E)  low; low 
A)  high; high 
B)  high; low 
C)  high; negative 
D)  low; high 
E)  low; low

Question 5

The gradual process of environmental change and species replacement is called

Accepted Answer

A)  predation. 
B)  area effect. 
C)  zonation. 
D)  commensalism. 
E)  succession. 
A)  predation. 
B)  area effect. 
C)  zonation. 
D)  commensalism. 
E)  succession.

Question 6

If gross primary productivity is 120 units per day, and the respiration rate is 30 units per day, net primary productivity is _______ units per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  30 
C)  90 
D)  120 
E)  150 
A)  4 
B)  30 
C)  90 
D)  120 
E)  150

Question 7

In one community, 10 species of grasses are found. A nearby community has 15 species, and shares 6 of those species with the first community. What is Sorenson's index for these communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.24 
B)  0.4 
C)  0.48 
D)  0.6 
E)  0.8 
A)  0.24 
B)  0.4 
C)  0.48 
D)  0.6 
E)  0.8

Question 8

The theory of island biogeography

Accepted Answer

A)  predicts that the equilibrium number of species on an island is a balance between the rate of immigration of new species and the rate of extinction of resident species. 
B)  predicts that the rate of immigration of new species will decline with island distance from the mainland species pool. 
C)  predicts that the rate of extinction of resident species will decrease as island size increases. 
D)  applies to isolated habitat patches as well as to oceanic islands 
E)  All of the above 
A)  predicts that the equilibrium number of species on an island is a balance between the rate of immigration of new species and the rate of extinction of resident species. 
B)  predicts that the rate of immigration of new species will decline with island distance from the mainland species pool. 
C)  predicts that the rate of extinction of resident species will decrease as island size increases. 
D)  applies to isolated habitat patches as well as to oceanic islands 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

Succession is affected both by facilitation and by its opposite, _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Succession is affected both by facilitation and...

Question 10

Ecological succession is

Accepted Answer

A)  the change in species over time. 
B)  the change in community composition after a disturbance. 
C)  the change in a forest as the trees grow larger. 
D)  the process by which a species becomes abundant. 
E)  the buildup of soil nutrients. 
A)  the change in species over time. 
B)  the change in community composition after a disturbance. 
C)  the change in a forest as the trees grow larger. 
D)  the process by which a species becomes abundant. 
E)  the buildup of soil nutrients.

Question 11

One reason that agricultural communities are often unstable is the practice of _______, the planting of only a single species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason that agricultural communities are often...

Question 12

Suppose there are 50 fish species in one lake and 30 in a neighboring lake. If the Sorenson's index of these lakes is 0.4, then _______ species would be shared by the two lakes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose there are 50 fish species in...

Question 13

In Tilman's experiments, _______ declined as species richness increased.

Accepted Answer

A)  productivity 
B)  species turnover 
C)  the amount of nitrogen left in the soil 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  productivity 
B)  species turnover 
C)  the amount of nitrogen left in the soil 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 14

Daniel Simberloff and Edward Wilson tested the island biogeography theory by

Accepted Answer

A)  releasing animals on oceanic islands. 
B)  defaunating tiny islets of mangroves in the Florida Keys. 
C)  observing the results of the Krakatau volcano explosion. 
D)  reconstructing phylogenetic relationships of horses. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  releasing animals on oceanic islands. 
B)  defaunating tiny islets of mangroves in the Florida Keys. 
C)  observing the results of the Krakatau volcano explosion. 
D)  reconstructing phylogenetic relationships of horses. 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Keystone species

Accepted Answer

A)  influence the communities in which they live more than expected on the basis of their abundance. 
B)  may influence the species richness of communities. 
C)  may influence the number of trophic levels in communities. 
D)  are not necessarily predators. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  influence the communities in which they live more than expected on the basis of their abundance. 
B)  may influence the species richness of communities. 
C)  may influence the number of trophic levels in communities. 
D)  are not necessarily predators. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following would most likely be found late in succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mostly plants that produce a high number of small seeds 
B)  Simple food webs 
C)  Most nutrients present as detritus 
D)  Plants producing chemicals that interfere with the growth of other plants 
E)  Mostly plants that are good dispersers 
A)  Mostly plants that produce a high number of small seeds 
B)  Simple food webs 
C)  Most nutrients present as detritus 
D)  Plants producing chemicals that interfere with the growth of other plants 
E)  Mostly plants that are good dispersers

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the food web below to answer the questions that follow.  
-Organism 9 is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  herbivore. 
B)  primary carnivore. 
C)  secondary carnivore. 
D)  primary producer. 
E)  omnivore. 
A)  herbivore. 
B)  primary carnivore. 
C)  secondary carnivore. 
D)  primary producer. 
E)  omnivore.

Question 18

By definition, autotrophs are

Accepted Answer

A)  primary consumers. 
B)  primary producers. 
C)  secondary consumers. 
D)  secondary producers. 
E)  decomposers. 
A)  primary consumers. 
B)  primary producers. 
C)  secondary consumers. 
D)  secondary producers. 
E)  decomposers.

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the food web below to answer the questions that follow.  
-The food web has _______ trophic levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  six 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  six

Question 20

Net primary production is

Accepted Answer

A)  the total amount of photosynthesis in a community. 
B)  the total amount of primary producer biomass available for consumption by heterotrophs. 
C)  the total amount of biomass produced by all autotrophs and heterotrophs in a community. 
D)  the total amount of biomass consumed by heterotrophs. 
E)  gross primary productivity minus secondaryproductivity. 
A)  the total amount of photosynthesis in a community. 
B)  the total amount of primary producer biomass available for consumption by heterotrophs. 
C)  the total amount of biomass produced by all autotrophs and heterotrophs in a community. 
D)  the total amount of biomass consumed by heterotrophs. 
E)  gross primary productivity minus secondaryproductivity.

Exam 57: Community Ecology

Which of the following statements about wolves in Yellowstone National Park is true?

The extinction of a predatory bird leads to an increase in the population size of a small mammal, which in turn leads to a decrease in the population size of the plants on which the mammal feeds. This is an example of a _______, which is caused by a series of _______ effects.

Which of the following is a primary producer?

A study of diversity patterns in an agricultural area of southern England showed that rivers have _______ alpha diversity and _______ beta diversity.

The gradual process of environmental change and species replacement is called

If gross primary productivity is 120 units per day, and the respiration rate is 30 units per day, net primary productivity is _______ units per day.

In one community, 10 species of grasses are found. A nearby community has 15 species, and shares 6 of those species with the first community. What is Sorenson's index for these communities?

The theory of island biogeography

Succession is affected both by facilitation and by its opposite, _______.

Ecological succession is

One reason that agricultural communities are often unstable is the practice of _______, the planting of only a single species.

Suppose there are 50 fish species in one lake and 30 in a neighboring lake. If the Sorenson's index of these lakes is 0.4, then _______ species would be shared by the two lakes.

In Tilman's experiments, _______ declined as species richness increased.

Daniel Simberloff and Edward Wilson tested the island biogeography theory by

Keystone species

Which of the following would most likely be found late in succession?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the food web below to answer the questions that follow. -Organism 9 is a(n)

By definition, autotrophs are

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the food web below to answer the questions that follow. -The food web has _______ trophic levels.

Net primary production is

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

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The Plant Body

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Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

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Gas Exchange in Animals

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The extinction of a predatory bird leads to an increase in the population size of a small mammal, which in turn leads to a decrease in the population size of the plants on which the mammal feeds. This is an example of a _, which is caused by a series of _ effects.

A study of diversity patterns in an agricultural area of southern England showed that rivers have _ alpha diversity and _ beta diversity.