Question 1

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by

Accepted Answer

A)  low pH. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  enterokinase. 
D)  trypsinogen. 
E)  amylase from the salivary glands. 
A)  low pH. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  enterokinase. 
D)  trypsinogen. 
E)  amylase from the salivary glands. A

Question 2

The first hormone ever discovered was

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone. 
B)  gastrin. 
C)  secretin. 
D)  gluconeogenase. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  testosterone. 
B)  gastrin. 
C)  secretin. 
D)  gluconeogenase. 
E)  glucagon. C

Question 3

Low-density lipoproteins are _______ percent protein, _______ percent lipids, and _______ percent cholesterol.

Accepted Answer

A)  25; 50; 25 
B)  30; 30; 40 
C)  30; 40; 30 
D)  25; 25; 50 
E)  35; 30; 35 
A)  25; 50; 25 
B)  30; 30; 40 
C)  30; 40; 30 
D)  25; 25; 50 
E)  35; 30; 35 D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the role of the large intestine in digestion is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If too much water is reabsorbed from the feces, diarrhea results. 
B)  The large intestine produces digestive enzymes. 
C)  Helicobacter pylori is a normal inhabitant of the large intestine. 
D)  The cecum is a fermentation chamber extending from the large intestine. 
E)  The appendix is a vestigial colon. 
A)  If too much water is reabsorbed from the feces, diarrhea results. 
B)  The large intestine produces digestive enzymes. 
C)  Helicobacter pylori is a normal inhabitant of the large intestine. 
D)  The cecum is a fermentation chamber extending from the large intestine. 
E)  The appendix is a vestigial colon.

Question 5

Which structure of the vertebrate gut is a membrane covering the abdominal organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Circular muscle layer 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Peritoneum 
E)  Longitudinal muscle layer 
A)  Circular muscle layer 
B)  Mucosal layer 
C)  Submucosal layer 
D)  Peritoneum 
E)  Longitudinal muscle layer

Question 6

Which of the following does not represent a carnivorous feeding adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A spiderweb 
B)  Rattlesnake venom 
C)  Bat echolocation 
D)  An elephant's trunk 
E)  A jellyfish tentacle 
A)  A spiderweb 
B)  Rattlesnake venom 
C)  Bat echolocation 
D)  An elephant's trunk 
E)  A jellyfish tentacle

Question 7

Which statement about nutrient absorption by the intestinal mucosal cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are absorbed as disaccharides. 
B)  Fats are absorbed as fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
C)  Amino acids move across the plasma membrane only by diffusion. 
D)  Bile transports fats across the plasma membrane. 
E)  Most nutrients are absorbed in the duodenum. 
A)  Carbohydrates are absorbed as disaccharides. 
B)  Fats are absorbed as fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
C)  Amino acids move across the plasma membrane only by diffusion. 
D)  Bile transports fats across the plasma membrane. 
E)  Most nutrients are absorbed in the duodenum.

Question 8

The major function of the colon, or large intestine, is the

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive breakdown of foods. 
B)  absorption of nutrients from foods. 
C)  housing of parasitic bacteria. 
D)  secretion of bile and enzymes. 
E)  reabsorption of water. 
A)  digestive breakdown of foods. 
B)  absorption of nutrients from foods. 
C)  housing of parasitic bacteria. 
D)  secretion of bile and enzymes. 
E)  reabsorption of water.

Question 9

Which of the following represents the order in which stored fuels are utilized in periods of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fats, glycogen, proteins 
B)  Glycogen, proteins, fats 
C)  Proteins, fats, glycogen 
D)  Fats, proteins, glycogen 
E)  Glycogen, fats, proteins 
A)  Fats, glycogen, proteins 
B)  Glycogen, proteins, fats 
C)  Proteins, fats, glycogen 
D)  Fats, proteins, glycogen 
E)  Glycogen, fats, proteins

Question 10

Eating a small serving of a food that is very acidic might present something of a paradox to your stomach because

Accepted Answer

A)  the stomach can handle a low pH well, but might not detect its presence if the serving size is too small. 
B)  the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of gastrin, but low pH inhibits release of gastrin. 
C)  it could lead to overly acidic conditions in the stomach. 
D)  the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of pepsin, but low pH inhibits release of pepsin. 
E)  the high pH of the food could trigger release of bile in the stomach. 
A)  the stomach can handle a low pH well, but might not detect its presence if the serving size is too small. 
B)  the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of gastrin, but low pH inhibits release of gastrin. 
C)  it could lead to overly acidic conditions in the stomach. 
D)  the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of pepsin, but low pH inhibits release of pepsin. 
E)  the high pH of the food could trigger release of bile in the stomach.

Question 11

Which statement about essential amino acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not found in vegetarian diets. 
B)  They are stored by the body until they are needed. 
C)  Without them, one is undernourished. 
D)  All animals require the same ones. 
E)  Humans can acquire all of theirs by eating milk, eggs, and meat. 
A)  They are not found in vegetarian diets. 
B)  They are stored by the body until they are needed. 
C)  Without them, one is undernourished. 
D)  All animals require the same ones. 
E)  Humans can acquire all of theirs by eating milk, eggs, and meat.

Question 12

Microbial fermentation in the gut of a cow

Accepted Answer

A)  produces fatty acids as a major nutrient for the cow. 
B)  occurs in specialized regions of the small intestine. 
C)  occurs in the cecum, from which food is regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed into the true stomach. 
D)  produces methane as a major nutrient. 
E)  is possible because the stomach wall does not secrete hydrochloric acid. 
A)  produces fatty acids as a major nutrient for the cow. 
B)  occurs in specialized regions of the small intestine. 
C)  occurs in the cecum, from which food is regurgitated, chewed again, and swallowed into the true stomach. 
D)  produces methane as a major nutrient. 
E)  is possible because the stomach wall does not secrete hydrochloric acid.

Question 13

During the absorptive state,

Accepted Answer

A)  breakdown of glycogen supplies glucose to the blood. 
B)  glucagon secretion is high. 
C)  the number of circulating lipoproteins is low. 
D)  glucose is the major metabolic fuel. 
E)  the synthesis of fats and glycogen in muscle is inhibited. 
A)  breakdown of glycogen supplies glucose to the blood. 
B)  glucagon secretion is high. 
C)  the number of circulating lipoproteins is low. 
D)  glucose is the major metabolic fuel. 
E)  the synthesis of fats and glycogen in muscle is inhibited.

Question 14

The three sections of the small intestine are the _______, _______, and _______.

Accepted Answer

duodenum;

Question 15

Minerals, such as calcium, are needed in large quantities and are therefore

Accepted Answer

A)  micronutrients. 
B)  macronutrients. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  mineral nutrients. 
E)  made in the body. 
A)  micronutrients. 
B)  macronutrients. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  mineral nutrients. 
E)  made in the body.

Question 16

The protein leptin

Accepted Answer

A)  is produced by cells of the hypothalamus. 
B)  signals the brain about the status of body fat reserves. 
C)  is found in lower-than-normal levels in most obese humans. 
D)  serves as a positive feedback signal to the brain to limit food intake. 
E)  is an environmental toxin that accumulates in body fat. 
A)  is produced by cells of the hypothalamus. 
B)  signals the brain about the status of body fat reserves. 
C)  is found in lower-than-normal levels in most obese humans. 
D)  serves as a positive feedback signal to the brain to limit food intake. 
E)  is an environmental toxin that accumulates in body fat.

Question 17

Which of the following activities is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion of nutrients into glycogen and fat 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Synthesis of plasma proteins from amino acids 
D)  Production of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for deposit in adipose tissue 
E)  Processing of chylomicrons from the small intestine 
A)  Conversion of nutrients into glycogen and fat 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Synthesis of plasma proteins from amino acids 
D)  Production of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for deposit in adipose tissue 
E)  Processing of chylomicrons from the small intestine

Question 18

The hormone secretin is a chemical message

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  secreted by the stomach. 
C)  whose release is stimulated by the nervous system. 
D)  that triggers the intestine to release enzymes. 
E)  that triggers pancreatic secretion. 
A)  secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  secreted by the stomach. 
C)  whose release is stimulated by the nervous system. 
D)  that triggers the intestine to release enzymes. 
E)  that triggers pancreatic secretion.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about undernourishment is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  One-sixth of the world's population is undernourished. 
B)  Several weeks of fasting are required to deplete glycogen reserves. 
C)  Self-imposed starvation is called anorexia nervosa. 
D)  The loss of blood proteins during starvation leads to edema. 
E)  During starvation, fat reserves are exhausted before the metabolism of body protein is accelerated. 
A)  One-sixth of the world's population is undernourished. 
B)  Several weeks of fasting are required to deplete glycogen reserves. 
C)  Self-imposed starvation is called anorexia nervosa. 
D)  The loss of blood proteins during starvation leads to edema. 
E)  During starvation, fat reserves are exhausted before the metabolism of body protein is accelerated.

Question 20

The gallbladder

Accepted Answer

A)  produces bile. 
B)  is part of the liver. 
C)  stores bile produced by the liver. 
D)  produces cholecystokinin. 
E)  is vestigial in humans. 
A)  produces bile. 
B)  is part of the liver. 
C)  stores bile produced by the liver. 
D)  produces cholecystokinin. 
E)  is vestigial in humans.

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by

The first hormone ever discovered was

Low-density lipoproteins are _______ percent protein, _______ percent lipids, and _______ percent cholesterol.

Which of the following statements about the role of the large intestine in digestion is true?

Which structure of the vertebrate gut is a membrane covering the abdominal organs?

Which of the following does not represent a carnivorous feeding adaptation?

Which statement about nutrient absorption by the intestinal mucosal cells is true?

The major function of the colon, or large intestine, is the

Which of the following represents the order in which stored fuels are utilized in periods of starvation?

Eating a small serving of a food that is very acidic might present something of a paradox to your stomach because

Which statement about essential amino acids is true?

Microbial fermentation in the gut of a cow

During the absorptive state,

The three sections of the small intestine are the _______, _______, and _______.

Minerals, such as calcium, are needed in large quantities and are therefore

The protein leptin

Which of the following activities is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism?

The hormone secretin is a chemical message

Which of the following statements about undernourishment is false?

The gallbladder

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

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Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

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Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

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Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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Low-density lipoproteins are ___ percent protein, _ percent lipids, and _____ percent cholesterol.

The three sections of the small intestine are the ___, _, and _____.