Question 1

Crabs and earthworms that feed actively on dead organic matter are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crabs and earthworms that feed actively on...

Question 2

If a person does not produce adequate bile salts, they will likely _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  not convert starch to maltose very well 
B)  not break large lipid droplets into micelles 
C)  revert to autotrophy 
D)  lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines 
E)  have an infected appendix 
A)  not convert starch to maltose very well 
B)  not break large lipid droplets into micelles 
C)  revert to autotrophy 
D)  lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines 
E)  have an infected appendix

Question 3

Which of the following statements about energy storage is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and in muscle as glucose. 
B)  Fat is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Fat has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are usually not more than a day's energy requirements. 
A)  Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and in muscle as glucose. 
B)  Fat is not an important form of stored energy. 
C)  Fat has the lowest energy content per gram. 
D)  Protein is the most important energy storage component. 
E)  The total glycogen stores are usually not more than a day's energy requirements.

Question 4

Which of the following is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cecum 
B)  Reticulum 
C)  Rumen 
D)  Omasum 
E)  Abomasum 
A)  Cecum 
B)  Reticulum 
C)  Rumen 
D)  Omasum 
E)  Abomasum

Question 5

Food intake is regulated by the region of the brain known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Food intake is regulated by the region...

Question 6

Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are required for making protein. 
B)  cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food. 
C)  are universally needed by all animals. 
D)  are essential as an energy source. 
E)  are required for making nucleic acids. 
A)  are required for making protein. 
B)  cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food. 
C)  are universally needed by all animals. 
D)  are essential as an energy source. 
E)  are required for making nucleic acids.

Question 7

If a person had enough calories per day, but lacked an essential nutrient, they would be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  malnourished 
B)  emaciated 
C)  undernourished 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  malnourished 
B)  emaciated 
C)  undernourished 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Ruminant animals, such as goats and cows,

Accepted Answer

A)  produce enzymes in their guts that break down cellulose. 
B)  practice coprophagy. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for better nutrient absorption. 
D)  produce hydrogen sulfide, an important greenhouse gas. 
E)  get much of their protein from the digestion of microorganisms. 
A)  produce enzymes in their guts that break down cellulose. 
B)  practice coprophagy. 
C)  have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for better nutrient absorption. 
D)  produce hydrogen sulfide, an important greenhouse gas. 
E)  get much of their protein from the digestion of microorganisms.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about vitamins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamins, like essential amino acids and fatty acids, are organic molecules. 
B)  Most vertebrates require the same vitamins. 
C)  Vitamins function mostly as, or as parts of, coenzymes. 
D)  Vitamins are required only in very small amounts. 
E)  Humans require more water-soluble vitamins than fat-soluble vitamins. 
A)  Vitamins, like essential amino acids and fatty acids, are organic molecules. 
B)  Most vertebrates require the same vitamins. 
C)  Vitamins function mostly as, or as parts of, coenzymes. 
D)  Vitamins are required only in very small amounts. 
E)  Humans require more water-soluble vitamins than fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 10

In addition to serving as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes the digestive enzyme precursor _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In addition to serving as an endocrine...

Question 11

Which of the following statements about sheep digestion is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheep are saprobes; they engulf food and perform intracellular digestion. 
B)  Sheep are autotrophs; they synthesize organic nutrients and perform extracellular digestion. 
C)  Sheep are herbivores; they ingest food and perform extracellular digestion. 
D)  Sheep are detritivores; they ingest food and perform intracellular digestion. 
E)  Sheep are omnivores; they ingest plants and animals and exhibit intracellular digestion. 
A)  Sheep are saprobes; they engulf food and perform intracellular digestion. 
B)  Sheep are autotrophs; they synthesize organic nutrients and perform extracellular digestion. 
C)  Sheep are herbivores; they ingest food and perform extracellular digestion. 
D)  Sheep are detritivores; they ingest food and perform intracellular digestion. 
E)  Sheep are omnivores; they ingest plants and animals and exhibit intracellular digestion.

Question 12

In the stomach, pepsin activates pepsinogen molecules in a positive feedback process called

Accepted Answer

A)  emulsification. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  autocatalysis. 
D)  rumination. 
E)  excretion. 
A)  emulsification. 
B)  absorption. 
C)  autocatalysis. 
D)  rumination. 
E)  excretion.

Question 13

The liver converts pyruvate and other molecules into glucose via the process of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The liver converts pyruvate and other molecules...

Question 14

Compared to carnivores, herbivores require _______ essential amino acids and consequently are less likely to suffer from _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer; undernourishment 
B)  fewer; malnourishment 
C)  more; undernourishment 
D)  more; malnourishment 
E)  more; overnourishment 
A)  fewer; undernourishment 
B)  fewer; malnourishment 
C)  more; undernourishment 
D)  more; malnourishment 
E)  more; overnourishment

Question 15

In ruminants, such as cows and bison, microorganisms that break down cellulose are found in two chambers of the greatly enlarged stomach. In other herbivores, including rabbits, the microorganisms that break down cellulose are found in the cecum, a chamber off the large intestine. In which type of herbivore would the absorption of nutrients from cellulose be more efficient?

Accepted Answer

In vertebrates, most nutrients are absor

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the essential amino acids is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most animals have some essential amino acids. 
B)  Ingesting a surplus of one essential amino acid cannot compensate for a shortage of another. 
C)  Some foods, such as legumes, supply all eight of the essential amino acids in humans. 
D)  Acetyl groups can be combined with amino groups to produce many of the nonessential amino acids. 
E)  Like amino acids, some fatty acids are essential. 
A)  Most animals have some essential amino acids. 
B)  Ingesting a surplus of one essential amino acid cannot compensate for a shortage of another. 
C)  Some foods, such as legumes, supply all eight of the essential amino acids in humans. 
D)  Acetyl groups can be combined with amino groups to produce many of the nonessential amino acids. 
E)  Like amino acids, some fatty acids are essential.

Question 17

The acidic chyme in the small intestine is neutralized by

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate from the pancreas. 
B)  buffers from the jejunum. 
C)  bile from the liver. 
D)  trypsin activation. 
E)  a variety of zymogens. 
A)  bicarbonate from the pancreas. 
B)  buffers from the jejunum. 
C)  bile from the liver. 
D)  trypsin activation. 
E)  a variety of zymogens.

Question 18

How does cotransport of sodium in a symport facilitate glucose absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active transport of sodium aids in salt uptake. 
B)  When sodium diffuses into cells, glucose is carried along with it. 
C)  When sodium is pumped into cells, glucose moves out of the cells. 
D)  Sodium and glucose both diffuse into cells from the gut. 
E)  Glucose is actively transported into the gut. 
A)  Active transport of sodium aids in salt uptake. 
B)  When sodium diffuses into cells, glucose is carried along with it. 
C)  When sodium is pumped into cells, glucose moves out of the cells. 
D)  Sodium and glucose both diffuse into cells from the gut. 
E)  Glucose is actively transported into the gut.

Question 19

Which of the following does not contribute to the large surface area available for nutrient absorption in the small intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Villi 
B)  Intestinal length 
C)  Microvilli 
D)  Bile duct 
E)  Surface folds 
A)  Villi 
B)  Intestinal length 
C)  Microvilli 
D)  Bile duct 
E)  Surface folds

Question 20

Chylomicrons are like the tiny micelles of dietary fat in the lumen of the small intestine in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  are coated with bile. 
B)  are lipid soluble. 
C)  travel through the lymphatic system. 
D)  contain triglycerides. 
E)  are coated with lipoproteins. 
A)  are coated with bile. 
B)  are lipid soluble. 
C)  travel through the lymphatic system. 
D)  contain triglycerides. 
E)  are coated with lipoproteins.

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Crabs and earthworms that feed actively on dead organic matter are called _______.

If a person does not produce adequate bile salts, they will likely _______.

Which of the following statements about energy storage is true?

Which of the following is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Food intake is regulated by the region of the brain known as the _______.

Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they

If a person had enough calories per day, but lacked an essential nutrient, they would be _______.

Ruminant animals, such as goats and cows,

Which of the following statements about vitamins is false?

In addition to serving as an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes the digestive enzyme precursor _______.

Which of the following statements about sheep digestion is true?

In the stomach, pepsin activates pepsinogen molecules in a positive feedback process called

The liver converts pyruvate and other molecules into glucose via the process of _______.

Compared to carnivores, herbivores require _______ essential amino acids and consequently are less likely to suffer from _______.

Which of the following statements about the essential amino acids is false?

The acidic chyme in the small intestine is neutralized by

How does cotransport of sodium in a symport facilitate glucose absorption?

Which of the following does not contribute to the large surface area available for nutrient absorption in the small intestines?

Chylomicrons are like the tiny micelles of dietary fat in the lumen of the small intestine in that both

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Compared to carnivores, herbivores require _ essential amino acids and consequently are less likely to suffer from _.