Question 1

A fundamental difference between saprobes and detritivores is that

Accepted Answer

A)  saprobes have long snouts that allow them access to food that is unavailable to detritivores. 
B)  only saprobes absorb nutrients from dead organisms. 
C)  detritivores are primarily bacteria. 
D)  only detritivores seek out dead organic items and eat them. 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  saprobes have long snouts that allow them access to food that is unavailable to detritivores. 
B)  only saprobes absorb nutrients from dead organisms. 
C)  detritivores are primarily bacteria. 
D)  only detritivores seek out dead organic items and eat them. 
E)  Both b and d

Question 2

Vitamin D is obtained by different people in various ways. For example,

Accepted Answer

A)  dark-skinned people of high latitudes, such as the Inuit, obtain it from sunlight. 
B)  dark-skinned people of low latitudes obtain it from tropical sunlight. 
C)  some people obtain it from protein molecules that absorb sunlight. 
D)  some people obtain it from water-soluble components of foods. 
E)  light-skinned people of middle latitudes obtain it from drinking water. 
A)  dark-skinned people of high latitudes, such as the Inuit, obtain it from sunlight. 
B)  dark-skinned people of low latitudes obtain it from tropical sunlight. 
C)  some people obtain it from protein molecules that absorb sunlight. 
D)  some people obtain it from water-soluble components of foods. 
E)  light-skinned people of middle latitudes obtain it from drinking water.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about vitamin C is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is necessary for wound healing. 
B)  It is obtained from fresh greens and fruit in the diet. 
C)  It is an essential vitamin for humans. 
D)  It is a fat-soluble vitamin. 
E)  An excess of vitamin C is excreted. 
A)  It is necessary for wound healing. 
B)  It is obtained from fresh greens and fruit in the diet. 
C)  It is an essential vitamin for humans. 
D)  It is a fat-soluble vitamin. 
E)  An excess of vitamin C is excreted.

Question 4

Low blood glucose

Accepted Answer

A)  increases insulin release from the pancreas. 
B)  decreases insulin release from the pancreas. 
C)  has no effect on insulin release from the pancreas. 
D)  causes the release of leptin. 
E)  causes the release of ghrelin. 
A)  increases insulin release from the pancreas. 
B)  decreases insulin release from the pancreas. 
C)  has no effect on insulin release from the pancreas. 
D)  causes the release of leptin. 
E)  causes the release of ghrelin.

Question 5

For most animals, absorption of nutrients occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellularly. 
B)  in the gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  in the coelomic body cavity. 
D)  in the midgut. 
E)  in the crop. 
A)  intracellularly. 
B)  in the gastrovascular cavity. 
C)  in the coelomic body cavity. 
D)  in the midgut. 
E)  in the crop.

Question 6

_______ in food do not supply animals with metabolic energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Fats 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Nucleic acids 
E)  Sugars 
A)  Carbohydrates 
B)  Fats 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Nucleic acids 
E)  Sugars

Question 7

Carbon compounds that an animal does not make for itself, but which are needed for growth and metabolism, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  micronutrients. 
B)  macronutrients. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  mineral nutrients. 
E)  organonutrients. 
A)  micronutrients. 
B)  macronutrients. 
C)  vitamins. 
D)  mineral nutrients. 
E)  organonutrients.

Question 8

A wave of smooth muscle contraction called _______ pushes food along the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A wave of smooth muscle contraction called...

Question 9

The regulation of blood glucose is accomplished mainly by hormones produced by the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The regulation of blood glucose is accomplished...

Question 10

Which of the following statements about mammalian teeth is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enamel covers the crown and the root of a tooth. 
B)  Teeth lack nerves and blood vessels. 
C)  The teeth of omnivores are more specialized than the teeth of carnivores and herbivores. 
D)  Carnivores have large canines, whereas herbivores have large premolars and molars. 
E)  Dentine is restricted to the crown of a tooth. 
A)  Enamel covers the crown and the root of a tooth. 
B)  Teeth lack nerves and blood vessels. 
C)  The teeth of omnivores are more specialized than the teeth of carnivores and herbivores. 
D)  Carnivores have large canines, whereas herbivores have large premolars and molars. 
E)  Dentine is restricted to the crown of a tooth.

Question 11

Which of the following protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

Accepted Answer

A)  An antienzyme chemical formed by the gastric glands 
B)  The nervous reactions of the lining of the stomach 
C)  Control by a center in the medulla of the brain 
D)  A mucus covering the stomach's inner surface 
E)  Alkaline secretions of the gastric glands that neutralize acidic secretions 
A)  An antienzyme chemical formed by the gastric glands 
B)  The nervous reactions of the lining of the stomach 
C)  Control by a center in the medulla of the brain 
D)  A mucus covering the stomach's inner surface 
E)  Alkaline secretions of the gastric glands that neutralize acidic secretions

Question 12

The pancreas

Accepted Answer

A)  is exclusively an endocrine gland responsible for the production and release of insulin and glucagon. 
B)  is exclusively an endocrine gland that produces salivary amylase. 
C)  contains villi to increase surface area. 
D)  produces urobiligen (a bile pigment). 
E)  produces exocrine products involved in chyme digestion. 
A)  is exclusively an endocrine gland responsible for the production and release of insulin and glucagon. 
B)  is exclusively an endocrine gland that produces salivary amylase. 
C)  contains villi to increase surface area. 
D)  produces urobiligen (a bile pigment). 
E)  produces exocrine products involved in chyme digestion.

Question 13

Many digestive enzymes are produced in an inactive _______ form.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many digestive enzymes are produced in an...

Question 14

The amount of food an animal eats is governed by its sensations of hunger and satiety. These sensations are influenced by the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain stem. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  thalamus. 
E)  cortex. 
A)  brain stem. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  thalamus. 
E)  cortex.

Question 15

The enzyme lactase

Accepted Answer

A)  cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. 
B)  is produced by the small intestine. 
C)  is not produced by many humans after childhood. 
D)  cleaves milk sugar. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. 
B)  is produced by the small intestine. 
C)  is not produced by many humans after childhood. 
D)  cleaves milk sugar. 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

The major form of stored energy in animal bodies is _______, because it _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein; is a long-term energy storage form 
B)  glycogen; breaks down into readily usable carbohydrates 
C)  glycogen; is lightweight 
D)  fat; has the highest energy content per gram 
E)  fat; is readily stored and dissolved in water 
A)  protein; is a long-term energy storage form 
B)  glycogen; breaks down into readily usable carbohydrates 
C)  glycogen; is lightweight 
D)  fat; has the highest energy content per gram 
E)  fat; is readily stored and dissolved in water

Question 17

Fats broken down by lipases are absorbed mostly as

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids only. 
B)  triglycerides only. 
C)  linoleic acid only. 
D)  monoglycerides only. 
E)  fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
A)  fatty acids only. 
B)  triglycerides only. 
C)  linoleic acid only. 
D)  monoglycerides only. 
E)  fatty acids and monoglycerides.

Question 18

Movement of food from the stomach into the esophagus is normally prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  peristalsis. 
B)  reverse peristalsis. 
C)  the pyloric sphincter. 
D)  a sphincter. 
E)  the pharynx. 
A)  peristalsis. 
B)  reverse peristalsis. 
C)  the pyloric sphincter. 
D)  a sphincter. 
E)  the pharynx.

Question 19

The initial digestion of protein in the vertebrate digestive tract begins in the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial digestion of protein in the...

Question 20

Which branch of the nervous system coordinates the activity of the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomic 
B)  Parasympathetic 
C)  Sympathetic 
D)  Central 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Autonomic 
B)  Parasympathetic 
C)  Sympathetic 
D)  Central 
E)  None of the above

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

A fundamental difference between saprobes and detritivores is that

Vitamin D is obtained by different people in various ways. For example,

Which of the following statements about vitamin C is false?

Low blood glucose

For most animals, absorption of nutrients occurs

_______ in food do not supply animals with metabolic energy?

Carbon compounds that an animal does not make for itself, but which are needed for growth and metabolism, are called

A wave of smooth muscle contraction called _______ pushes food along the digestive tract.

The regulation of blood glucose is accomplished mainly by hormones produced by the _______.

Which of the following statements about mammalian teeth is true?

Which of the following protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

The pancreas

Many digestive enzymes are produced in an inactive _______ form.

The amount of food an animal eats is governed by its sensations of hunger and satiety. These sensations are influenced by the

The enzyme lactase

The major form of stored energy in animal bodies is _______, because it _______.

Fats broken down by lipases are absorbed mostly as

Movement of food from the stomach into the esophagus is normally prevented by

The initial digestion of protein in the vertebrate digestive tract begins in the _______.

Which branch of the nervous system coordinates the activity of the digestive tract?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

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Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

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The major form of stored energy in animal bodies is _, because it _.