Question 1

The digestive enzymes of the small intestine

Accepted Answer

A)  do not function best at a low pH. 
B)  are produced and released in response to circulating secretin. 
C)  are produced and released under neural control. 
D)  are all secreted by the pancreas. 
E)  are all activated by an acidic environment. 
A)  do not function best at a low pH. 
B)  are produced and released in response to circulating secretin. 
C)  are produced and released under neural control. 
D)  are all secreted by the pancreas. 
E)  are all activated by an acidic environment.

Question 2

_______ ingest both plant and animal food and process their food through _______ digestion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Predators; intracellular 
B)  Omnivores; intracellular 
C)  Carnivores; intracellular 
D)  Herbivores; extracellular 
E)  Omnivores; extracellular 
A)  Predators; intracellular 
B)  Omnivores; intracellular 
C)  Carnivores; intracellular 
D)  Herbivores; extracellular 
E)  Omnivores; extracellular

Question 3

A vertebrate animal that has enlarged canine teeth is likely a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  omnivore 
B)  herbivore 
C)  carnivore 
D)  fluid feeder 
E)  autotroph 
A)  omnivore 
B)  herbivore 
C)  carnivore 
D)  fluid feeder 
E)  autotroph

Question 4

Chylomicrons are produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  lumen of the small intestines. 
D)  epithelial cells of the small intestines. 
E)  liver. 
A)  mouth. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  lumen of the small intestines. 
D)  epithelial cells of the small intestines. 
E)  liver.

Question 5

Most of the chemical digestion of food in humans is completed in the

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth. 
B)  appendix. 
C)  ascending colon. 
D)  stomach. 
E)  small intestine. 
A)  mouth. 
B)  appendix. 
C)  ascending colon. 
D)  stomach. 
E)  small intestine.

Question 6

In the small intestine, the blood and lymph vessels that carry away absorbed nutrients lie in the _______ layer.

Accepted Answer

A)  microvilli 
B)  mucosa 
C)  submucosa 
D)  circular muscle 
E)  longitudinal muscle 
A)  microvilli 
B)  mucosa 
C)  submucosa 
D)  circular muscle 
E)  longitudinal muscle

Question 7

The major enzyme produced by the stomach is

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  mucus. 
D)  pepsin. 
E)  trypsin. 
A)  amylase. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  mucus. 
D)  pepsin. 
E)  trypsin.

Question 8

A filter feeder acquires food items by

Accepted Answer

A)  restraining prey with poison. 
B)  restraining prey by means of claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from blood. 
E)  extracting particles suspended in water. 
A)  restraining prey with poison. 
B)  restraining prey by means of claws and jaws. 
C)  ingesting mud and extracting particles. 
D)  filtering food substances from blood. 
E)  extracting particles suspended in water.

Question 9

The vertebrate gut is analogous to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  assembly line building cars. 
B)  junkyard where pieces of cars are removed one by one. 
C)  cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates. 
D)  migrating herd of wildebeest. 
E)  chef combining ingredients to produce a meal. 
A)  assembly line building cars. 
B)  junkyard where pieces of cars are removed one by one. 
C)  cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates. 
D)  migrating herd of wildebeest. 
E)  chef combining ingredients to produce a meal.

Question 10

The root of a typical tooth contains _______ and _______, but not _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  enamel; cement; a pulp cavity 
B)  enamel; a pulp cavity; dentine 
C)  dentine; a pulp cavity; enamel 
D)  dentine; enamel; a pulp cavity 
E)  cement; dentine; a pulp cavity 
A)  enamel; cement; a pulp cavity 
B)  enamel; a pulp cavity; dentine 
C)  dentine; a pulp cavity; enamel 
D)  dentine; enamel; a pulp cavity 
E)  cement; dentine; a pulp cavity

Question 11

_______ are organisms such as protists and fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ are organisms such as protists and...

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the hormonal control of fuel metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the absorptive period, the liver converts glycogen into glucose. 
B)  During the postabsorptive period, the body cells preferentially use fatty acids for metabolic fuel. 
C)  Cells of the nervous system depend almost exclusively on glucose for metabolic fuel. 
D)  Glucagon plays a major role during the postabsorptive period by causing the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and stimulating gluconeogenesis. 
E)  Cells of the pancreas release insulin during the absorptive period. 
A)  During the absorptive period, the liver converts glycogen into glucose. 
B)  During the postabsorptive period, the body cells preferentially use fatty acids for metabolic fuel. 
C)  Cells of the nervous system depend almost exclusively on glucose for metabolic fuel. 
D)  Glucagon plays a major role during the postabsorptive period by causing the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and stimulating gluconeogenesis. 
E)  Cells of the pancreas release insulin during the absorptive period.

Question 13

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types. Which of the following represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Submucosa, cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Smooth muscle layers, submucosa, mucosa, cartilage 
C)  Cartilage, smooth muscle layers, mucosa, circular muscle 
D)  Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle 
E)  Cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum, submucosa 
A)  Submucosa, cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  Smooth muscle layers, submucosa, mucosa, cartilage 
C)  Cartilage, smooth muscle layers, mucosa, circular muscle 
D)  Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle 
E)  Cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum, submucosa

Question 14

The _______ is the organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _______ is the organ that controls...

Question 15

Which of the following is not a hormone that controls the actions of the stomach and small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrin 
B)  Vasopressin 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Cholecystokinin 
E)  Leptin 
A)  Gastrin 
B)  Vasopressin 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Cholecystokinin 
E)  Leptin

Question 16

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due the action of the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  maltase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  amylase. 
E)  pepsin. 
A)  maltase. 
B)  sucrase. 
C)  lactase. 
D)  amylase. 
E)  pepsin.

Question 17

Certain amino acids are essential to the diet of animals because they

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent overnourishment. 
B)  are cofactors and coenzymes that are required for normal physiological function. 
C)  cannot be directly synthesized by animals through the transfer of an amino group to an appropriate carbon skeleton. 
D)  are needed to make stored fats that are used during hibernation and migration. 
E)  are the most important source of stored energy. 
A)  prevent overnourishment. 
B)  are cofactors and coenzymes that are required for normal physiological function. 
C)  cannot be directly synthesized by animals through the transfer of an amino group to an appropriate carbon skeleton. 
D)  are needed to make stored fats that are used during hibernation and migration. 
E)  are the most important source of stored energy.

Question 18

Which of the following diseases is not due to a vitamin deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pellagra 
B)  Rickets 
C)  Goiter 
D)  Pernicious anemia 
E)  Beriberi 
A)  Pellagra 
B)  Rickets 
C)  Goiter 
D)  Pernicious anemia 
E)  Beriberi

Question 19

Most animals digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids and then synthesize new proteins because

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules like proteins cannot be readily transported through plasma membranes. 
B)  protein structure and function are highly species-specific. 
C)  foreign proteins are considered invaders and are attacked by the immune system. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  macromolecules like proteins cannot be readily transported through plasma membranes. 
B)  protein structure and function are highly species-specific. 
C)  foreign proteins are considered invaders and are attacked by the immune system. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

Hydrochloric acid

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by the gastric glands of the liver. 
B)  is secreted by the gastric glands of the stomach. 
C)  produces a low pH in the small intestine. 
D)  promotes the growth of microorganisms in the stomach. 
E)  is secreted by salivary glands. 
A)  is secreted by the gastric glands of the liver. 
B)  is secreted by the gastric glands of the stomach. 
C)  produces a low pH in the small intestine. 
D)  promotes the growth of microorganisms in the stomach. 
E)  is secreted by salivary glands.

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

The digestive enzymes of the small intestine

_______ ingest both plant and animal food and process their food through _______ digestion.

A vertebrate animal that has enlarged canine teeth is likely a(n) _______.

Chylomicrons are produced in the

Most of the chemical digestion of food in humans is completed in the

In the small intestine, the blood and lymph vessels that carry away absorbed nutrients lie in the _______ layer.

The major enzyme produced by the stomach is

A filter feeder acquires food items by

The vertebrate gut is analogous to a(n)

The root of a typical tooth contains _______ and _______, but not _______.

_______ are organisms such as protists and fungi that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.

Which of the following statements about the hormonal control of fuel metabolism is false?

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types. Which of the following represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost?

The _______ is the organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients.

Which of the following is not a hormone that controls the actions of the stomach and small intestine?

The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due the action of the enzyme

Certain amino acids are essential to the diet of animals because they

Which of the following diseases is not due to a vitamin deficiency?

Most animals digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids and then synthesize new proteins because

Hydrochloric acid

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

_ ingest both plant and animal food and process their food through _ digestion.

The root of a typical tooth contains ___ and _, but not _____.