Question 1

Most absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract takes place in the

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  stomach. 
B)  small intestine. 
C)  large intestine. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 2

The crowns of the teeth of mammals are covered with a hard material called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The crowns of the teeth of mammals...

Question 3

Colonies of _______ bacteria live within the hindguts of many species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Colonies of _______ bacteria live within the...

Question 4

The effects of glucagon include

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating glucose uptake into cells. 
B)  stimulating liver cells to break down glycogen. 
C)  controlling blood glucose in the absence of insulin. 
D)  stimulating cells to store energy as fat. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  stimulating glucose uptake into cells. 
B)  stimulating liver cells to break down glycogen. 
C)  controlling blood glucose in the absence of insulin. 
D)  stimulating cells to store energy as fat. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

During the absorptive period, the body digests and absorbs nutrients, whereas during the postabsorptive period, the body uses up stored fuel. What are the main differences in fuel use and control mechanisms during these two periods?

Accepted Answer

During the postabsorptive period, cells

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions:
Refer to the diagram below, showing a flow chart of digestion.  
-Which arrows represent an example of negative feedback control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arrow 1 
B)  Arrow 3 
C)  Arrow 5 
D)  Arrows 1 and 3 
E)  Arrows 3 and 5 
A)  Arrow 1 
B)  Arrow 3 
C)  Arrow 5 
D)  Arrows 1 and 3 
E)  Arrows 3 and 5

Question 7

The nutritional deficiency disease beriberi is caused by an inadequate supply of the water-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  B1 (thiamin). 
B)  B2 (riboflavin). 
C)  B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  folic acid. 
E)  C (ascorbic acid). 
A)  B1 (thiamin). 
B)  B2 (riboflavin). 
C)  B12 (cobalamin). 
D)  folic acid. 
E)  C (ascorbic acid).

Question 8

Which of the following structures does not serve to increase surface area for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  A human's intestinal villi 
B)  An earthworm's infolding of the intestinal wall 
C)  A shark's spiral valve 
D)  A bird's gizzard 
E)  A human intestinal microvilli 
A)  A human's intestinal villi 
B)  An earthworm's infolding of the intestinal wall 
C)  A shark's spiral valve 
D)  A bird's gizzard 
E)  A human intestinal microvilli

Question 9

Within the liver, glucose may be converted into _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen and protein. 
B)  glycogen and fat. 
C)  fat and protein. 
D)  glycogen and amino acids. 
E)  fat and amino acids. 
A)  glycogen and protein. 
B)  glycogen and fat. 
C)  fat and protein. 
D)  glycogen and amino acids. 
E)  fat and amino acids.

Question 10

Vitamins are essential nutrients for cells because they _______ and cannot be synthesized by the animal itself.

Accepted Answer

A)  are used as an energy source 
B)  are used to digest foods 
C)  function as coenzymes 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  are used as an energy source 
B)  are used to digest foods 
C)  function as coenzymes 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following statements about lipoproteins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipoproteins move fats from storage sites to sites where they are used. 
B)  Lipoproteins have a hydrophobic core of cholesterol and fat. 
C)  High-density lipoproteins are "good" lipoproteins. 
D)  Low-density lipoproteins are "bad" lipoproteins. 
E)  The liver is solely responsible for synthesis of lipoproteins. 
A)  Lipoproteins move fats from storage sites to sites where they are used. 
B)  Lipoproteins have a hydrophobic core of cholesterol and fat. 
C)  High-density lipoproteins are "good" lipoproteins. 
D)  Low-density lipoproteins are "bad" lipoproteins. 
E)  The liver is solely responsible for synthesis of lipoproteins.

Question 12

During the postabsorptive state,

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose is the major metabolic fuel. 
B)  glucagon stimulates the liver to produce glycogen. 
C)  insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by brain cells. 
D)  fatty acids constitute the major metabolic fuel. 
E)  liver functions slow down because of low insulin levels. 
A)  glucose is the major metabolic fuel. 
B)  glucagon stimulates the liver to produce glycogen. 
C)  insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by brain cells. 
D)  fatty acids constitute the major metabolic fuel. 
E)  liver functions slow down because of low insulin levels.

Question 13

Which layer of the vertebrate gut shows adaptations for increasing absorptive surface area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lumen 
B)  Mucosa 
C)  Submucosa 
D)  Serosa 
E)  Peritoneum 
A)  Lumen 
B)  Mucosa 
C)  Submucosa 
D)  Serosa 
E)  Peritoneum

Question 14

Some mammals have very high-crowned cheek teeth (premolars and molars). Would you expect these animals to be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?

Accepted Answer

Mammals, such as horses, have very high-

Question 15

Which of the following structures is not used to grind food into fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radula 
B)  Gizzard 
C)  Crop 
D)  Mandible 
E)  Tooth 
A)  Radula 
B)  Gizzard 
C)  Crop 
D)  Mandible 
E)  Tooth

Question 16

Bile produced in the liver is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the small intestine 
B)  Digestive action of pancreatic amylase 
C)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the stomach 
D)  Digestion of proteins into amino acids 
E)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the large intestine 
A)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the small intestine 
B)  Digestive action of pancreatic amylase 
C)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the stomach 
D)  Digestion of proteins into amino acids 
E)  Emulsification of fats into tiny globules in the large intestine

Question 17

Which of the following statements about digestion is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins produce absorbable tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids. 
C)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides are produced by the intestinal epithelial cells. 
D)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides produce absorbable monosaccharides. 
E)  Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the colon. 
A)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas. 
B)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins produce absorbable tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids. 
C)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides are produced by the intestinal epithelial cells. 
D)  The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides produce absorbable monosaccharides. 
E)  Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the colon.

Question 18

A mammal with a diet of grain and leaves would be expected to have which kind of teeth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prominent canine teeth and small molars 
B)  Prominent molars and small canines 
C)  Prominent molars and small premolars 
D)  A balanced set of incisors, molars, and canines 
E)  Prominent canine teeth and small incisors 
A)  Prominent canine teeth and small molars 
B)  Prominent molars and small canines 
C)  Prominent molars and small premolars 
D)  A balanced set of incisors, molars, and canines 
E)  Prominent canine teeth and small incisors

Question 19

Suppose you have just eaten a small pizza with a lot of cheese. Because this food is high in lipids, your digestive system will have to perform specific tasks to digest and absorb the fats. What are the steps that your digestive system will take to digest and absorb the fats in this meal?

Accepted Answer

The digestion of fats begins in the smal

Question 20

The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the fat-soluble vitamin

Accepted Answer

A)  A (retinol). 
B)  D (calciferol). 
C)  E (tocopherol). 
D)  K (menadione). 
E)  biotin. 
A)  A (retinol). 
B)  D (calciferol). 
C)  E (tocopherol). 
D)  K (menadione). 
E)  biotin.

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Most absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract takes place in the

The crowns of the teeth of mammals are covered with a hard material called _______.

Colonies of _______ bacteria live within the hindguts of many species.

The effects of glucagon include

During the absorptive period, the body digests and absorbs nutrients, whereas during the postabsorptive period, the body uses up stored fuel. What are the main differences in fuel use and control mechanisms during these two periods?

Use the following to answer questions: Refer to the diagram below, showing a flow chart of digestion. -Which arrows represent an example of negative feedback control?

The nutritional deficiency disease beriberi is caused by an inadequate supply of the water-soluble vitamin

Which of the following structures does not serve to increase surface area for nutrient absorption?

Within the liver, glucose may be converted into _______.

Vitamins are essential nutrients for cells because they _______ and cannot be synthesized by the animal itself.

Which of the following statements about lipoproteins is false?

During the postabsorptive state,

Which layer of the vertebrate gut shows adaptations for increasing absorptive surface area?

Some mammals have very high-crowned cheek teeth (premolars and molars). Would you expect these animals to be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?

Which of the following structures is not used to grind food into fragments?

Bile produced in the liver is associated with which of the following?

Which of the following statements about digestion is false?

A mammal with a diet of grain and leaves would be expected to have which kind of teeth?

Suppose you have just eaten a small pizza with a lot of cheese. Because this food is high in lipids, your digestive system will have to perform specific tasks to digest and absorb the fats. What are the steps that your digestive system will take to digest and absorb the fats in this meal?

The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the fat-soluble vitamin

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters