Question 1

Which of the following is characteristic of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has almost no bacterial populations. 
B)  It contains chyme. 
C)  It absorbs much of the water remaining in waste materials. 
D)  It is the site of most of digestion. 
E)  It receives blood from the digestive tract via the hepatic portal vein. 
A)  It has almost no bacterial populations. 
B)  It contains chyme. 
C)  It absorbs much of the water remaining in waste materials. 
D)  It is the site of most of digestion. 
E)  It receives blood from the digestive tract via the hepatic portal vein.

Question 2

Nematocysts are an adaptation used by _______ to inject toxin into a victim.

Accepted Answer

A)  jellyfish 
B)  spiders 
C)  snakes 
D)  short-tailed shrews 
E)  pufferfish 
A)  jellyfish 
B)  spiders 
C)  snakes 
D)  short-tailed shrews 
E)  pufferfish

Question 3

Ingested food typically contains many useful proteins. However, these proteins are not used in the form in which they are ingested, but are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids. Why does the digestive system break down these ingested proteins?

Accepted Answer

Proteins in digested food are not absorb

Question 4

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by the body from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We can synthesize almost all the lipids...

Question 5

Which of the following hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Estrogen 
D)  Secretin 
E)  Gastrin 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  Insulin 
C)  Estrogen 
D)  Secretin 
E)  Gastrin

Question 6

Digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down disaccharides include

Accepted Answer

A)  pepsin, trypsin, and trypsinogen. 
B)  amylase, pepsin, and lipase. 
C)  sucrase, lactase, and maltase. 
D)  pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. 
E)  nuclease and aminopeptidase. 
A)  pepsin, trypsin, and trypsinogen. 
B)  amylase, pepsin, and lipase. 
C)  sucrase, lactase, and maltase. 
D)  pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. 
E)  nuclease and aminopeptidase.

Question 7

If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then the number of kcal in a diet consisting of 13,398 joules is _______ kcal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then...

Question 8

Most gastric (stomach) ulcers are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  stress. 
B)  an infectious bacterium. 
C)  the oversecretion of digestive juices. 
D)  old age. 
E)  an acidic diet. 
A)  stress. 
B)  an infectious bacterium. 
C)  the oversecretion of digestive juices. 
D)  old age. 
E)  an acidic diet.

Question 9

Which of the following structures of a tubular digestive tract is involved mainly with water and ion recovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gizzard 
B)  Buccal cavity 
C)  Stomach 
D)  Hindgut 
E)  Midgut 
A)  Gizzard 
B)  Buccal cavity 
C)  Stomach 
D)  Hindgut 
E)  Midgut

Question 10

_______ enzymes break down macromolecules into smaller molecules by adding water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ enzymes break down macromolecules into smaller...

Question 11

The energy content of food is described in terms of calories because

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of energy in food depends on the temperature. 
B)  food heats up as it is being digested. 
C)  the energy in food ultimately becomes heat. 
D)  heat is the main product of digestion. 
E)  heat is the main product of respiration. 
A)  the amount of energy in food depends on the temperature. 
B)  food heats up as it is being digested. 
C)  the energy in food ultimately becomes heat. 
D)  heat is the main product of digestion. 
E)  heat is the main product of respiration.

Question 12

People living in impoverished regions, as well as people with alcohol addiction, frequently have a niacin deficiency called

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi. 
B)  kwashiorkor. 
C)  pellagra. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  rickets. 
A)  beriberi. 
B)  kwashiorkor. 
C)  pellagra. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  rickets.

Question 13

Imagine you are working as a consultant for a pharmaceutical company with the goal of developing a new weight loss drug. Your goal is to trigger a sense of fullness or satiety. To do this you could mimic the activity of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gastrin 
B)  ghrelin 
C)  secretin 
D)  cholecystokinin 
E)  leptin 
A)  gastrin 
B)  ghrelin 
C)  secretin 
D)  cholecystokinin 
E)  leptin

Question 14

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness. 
A)  beriberi. 
B)  pellagra. 
C)  pernicious anemia. 
D)  scurvy. 
E)  night blindness.

Question 15

Most of the metabolic energy needed by a bird for a long-distance migratory flight is stored as

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen. 
B)  fat. 
C)  protein. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  ATP. 
A)  glycogen. 
B)  fat. 
C)  protein. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  ATP.

Question 16

_______ prevent(s) fat droplets from aggregating, or clumping together, so that the maximum surface area is exposed to lipase action.

Accepted Answer

Bile (or E

Question 17

If the acidity of the stomach is neutralized by antacids and acid-blockers, _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  pepsin will not be converted to pepsinogen 
B)  a person will be more prone to ulcers 
C)  micelles would not contain enterokinase 
D)  pepsinogen will not be converted to pepsin 
E)  None of the above 
A)  pepsin will not be converted to pepsinogen 
B)  a person will be more prone to ulcers 
C)  micelles would not contain enterokinase 
D)  pepsinogen will not be converted to pepsin 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

Most plants, some bacteria, and some protists are autotrophs. Animals, however, are _______ because they derive both their energy and their structural molecules from food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most plants, some bacteria, and some protists...

Question 19

The inactive form of stomach enzymes is activated by

Accepted Answer

A)  enterokinase. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  low pH. 
D)  the appropriate substrate molecule. 
E)  the presence of water. 
A)  enterokinase. 
B)  ATP. 
C)  low pH. 
D)  the appropriate substrate molecule. 
E)  the presence of water.

Question 20

Which of the following molecules contain mostly triglycerides and transport them to fat cells in tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chylomicrons 
B)  Very low-density lipoproteins 
C)  Low-density lipoproteins 
D)  High-density lipoproteins 
E)  Cholecystokinin 
A)  Chylomicrons 
B)  Very low-density lipoproteins 
C)  Low-density lipoproteins 
D)  High-density lipoproteins 
E)  Cholecystokinin

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Which of the following is characteristic of the large intestine?

Nematocysts are an adaptation used by _______ to inject toxin into a victim.

Ingested food typically contains many useful proteins. However, these proteins are not used in the form in which they are ingested, but are broken down into smaller peptides and amino acids. Why does the digestive system break down these ingested proteins?

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by the body from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Which of the following hormones stimulates gluconeogenesis?

Digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down disaccharides include

If 1 kcal = 4.184 joules, then the number of kcal in a diet consisting of 13,398 joules is _______ kcal.

Most gastric (stomach) ulcers are caused by

Which of the following structures of a tubular digestive tract is involved mainly with water and ion recovery?

_______ enzymes break down macromolecules into smaller molecules by adding water.

The energy content of food is described in terms of calories because

People living in impoverished regions, as well as people with alcohol addiction, frequently have a niacin deficiency called

Imagine you are working as a consultant for a pharmaceutical company with the goal of developing a new weight loss drug. Your goal is to trigger a sense of fullness or satiety. To do this you could mimic the activity of _______.

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to

Most of the metabolic energy needed by a bird for a long-distance migratory flight is stored as

_______ prevent(s) fat droplets from aggregating, or clumping together, so that the maximum surface area is exposed to lipase action.

If the acidity of the stomach is neutralized by antacids and acid-blockers, _______.

Most plants, some bacteria, and some protists are autotrophs. Animals, however, are _______ because they derive both their energy and their structural molecules from food.

The inactive form of stomach enzymes is activated by

Which of the following molecules contain mostly triglycerides and transport them to fat cells in tissues?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B₁₂ supplements can lead to