Question 1

A transcription start signal is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation codon. 
B)  promoter. 
C)  origin. 
D)  operator. 
E)  nonsense codon. 
A)  initiation codon. 
B)  promoter. 
C)  origin. 
D)  operator. 
E)  nonsense codon. B

Question 2

Promoters are made of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  amino acids. D

Question 3

The one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis resulted from the work of _______.

Accepted Answer

Beadle and Tatum

Question 4

Which of the following does not occur after eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
B)  Capping of the 5´ end 
C)  Addition of a poly A tail to the 3´ end 
D)  Splicing out of the introns 
E)  Transport to the cytosol 
A)  Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter 
B)  Capping of the 5´ end 
C)  Addition of a poly A tail to the 3´ end 
D)  Splicing out of the introns 
E)  Transport to the cytosol

Question 5

A gene product can be

Accepted Answer

A)  an enzyme. 
B)  a polypeptide. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  microRNA. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  an enzyme. 
B)  a polypeptide. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  microRNA. 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

A protein that is destined to be excreted from the cell that is making it

Accepted Answer

A)  has a signal sequence that targets it to the plasma membrane. 
B)  is made solely by ribosomes free in the cytosol. 
C)  has a signal sequence that stops translation and directs the protein and the ribosome to which it is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum as a soluble protein. 
E)  is targeted directly to lysosomes. 
A)  has a signal sequence that targets it to the plasma membrane. 
B)  is made solely by ribosomes free in the cytosol. 
C)  has a signal sequence that stops translation and directs the protein and the ribosome to which it is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum as a soluble protein. 
E)  is targeted directly to lysosomes.

Question 7

If codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  64 
C)  8 
D)  32 
E)  128 
A)  16 
B)  64 
C)  8 
D)  32 
E)  128

Question 8

Biologists often look for organisms that are easy to grow in the laboratory and that demonstrate the phenomenon they wish to study. These organisms are called _______ organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Biologists often look for organisms that are...

Question 9

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  5´ to 3´; 5´ to 3´ 
B)  5´ to 3´; 3´ to 5´ 
C)  3´ to 5´; 5´ to 3´ 
D)  3´ to 5´; 3´ to 5´ 
E)  5´ to 5´; 3´ to 3´ 
A)  5´ to 3´; 5´ to 3´ 
B)  5´ to 3´; 3´ to 5´ 
C)  3´ to 5´; 5´ to 3´ 
D)  3´ to 5´; 3´ to 5´ 
E)  5´ to 5´; 3´ to 3´

Question 10

Activating enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  are sometimes referred to as the second genetic code. 
B)  link the right tRNAs and amino acids. 
C)  are also known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
D)  are specific for one amino acid. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  are sometimes referred to as the second genetic code. 
B)  link the right tRNAs and amino acids. 
C)  are also known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
D)  are specific for one amino acid. 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

A mutation occurs such that a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene. What effect will this have on that gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will have no effect; the gene will be transcribed and translated into protein. 
B)  Transcription will terminate early and the protein will not be made. 
C)  Transcription will proceed, but translation will stop at the site where the intron remains. 
D)  Translation will continue, but a nonfunctional protein will be made. 
E)  Translation will continue and will skip the intron sequence. 
A)  It will have no effect; the gene will be transcribed and translated into protein. 
B)  Transcription will terminate early and the protein will not be made. 
C)  Transcription will proceed, but translation will stop at the site where the intron remains. 
D)  Translation will continue, but a nonfunctional protein will be made. 
E)  Translation will continue and will skip the intron sequence.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about codons and anticodons is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The codon bonds covalently with the anticodon. 
B)  The base sequences are the same. 
C)  There are 64 codons and 61 anticodons. 
D)  Activating enzymes link codons and anticodons. 
E)  At contact, the codon and the anticodon are antiparallel to each other. 
A)  The codon bonds covalently with the anticodon. 
B)  The base sequences are the same. 
C)  There are 64 codons and 61 anticodons. 
D)  Activating enzymes link codons and anticodons. 
E)  At contact, the codon and the anticodon are antiparallel to each other.

Question 13

Poly uracil codes for

Accepted Answer

A)  three different amino acids. 
B)  poly tryptophan. 
C)  mRNA. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  phenylalanine. 
A)  three different amino acids. 
B)  poly tryptophan. 
C)  mRNA. 
D)  a fatty acid. 
E)  phenylalanine.

Question 14

Processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves

Accepted Answer

A)  splicing out exons from the primary transcript. 
B)  adding a poly-A tail to the 5' end. 
C)  adding a G-cap to the 5' end. 
D)  scrambling gene sequences. 
E)  transport of the primary transcript to the cytoplasm. 
A)  splicing out exons from the primary transcript. 
B)  adding a poly-A tail to the 5' end. 
C)  adding a G-cap to the 5' end. 
D)  scrambling gene sequences. 
E)  transport of the primary transcript to the cytoplasm.

Question 15

During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the

Accepted Answer

A)  A site. 
B)  B site. 
C)  large subunit. 
D)  T site. 
E)  P site. 
A)  A site. 
B)  B site. 
C)  large subunit. 
D)  T site. 
E)  P site.

Question 16

The tail added to pre-mRNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  coded for by DNA. 
B)  composed of poly T. 
C)  important for mRNA stability. 
D)  attached to its 5´ end. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  coded for by DNA. 
B)  composed of poly T. 
C)  important for mRNA stability. 
D)  attached to its 5´ end. 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide...

Question 18

In eukaryotic cells, proteins that contain covalently attached sugar residues are translated

Accepted Answer

A)  in the nucleus. 
B)  in the cytoplasm. 
C)  in mitochondria. 
D)  on the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  on the Golgi apparatus. 
A)  in the nucleus. 
B)  in the cytoplasm. 
C)  in mitochondria. 
D)  on the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  on the Golgi apparatus.

Question 19

Posttranslational alterations of proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  can affect the activity of an enzyme. 
B)  may operate in signal transduction. 
C)  include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. 
D)  include the cleavage of signal sequences. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  can affect the activity of an enzyme. 
B)  may operate in signal transduction. 
C)  include the addition of polysaccharides to proteins. 
D)  include the cleavage of signal sequences. 
E)  All of the above

Question 20

Single-stranded RNA replicates by

Accepted Answer

A)  making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand. 
B)  using an adapter molecule. 
C)  the process of transcription. 
D)  the process of translation. 
E)  the process of reverse transcription. 
A)  making an RNA strand that is complementary to the original RNA strand. 
B)  using an adapter molecule. 
C)  the process of transcription. 
D)  the process of translation. 
E)  the process of reverse transcription.

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

A transcription start signal is called a(n)

Promoters are made of

The one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis resulted from the work of _______.

Which of the following does not occur after eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed?

A gene product can be

A protein that is destined to be excreted from the cell that is making it

If codons were read two bases at a time instead of three bases at a time, how many different possible amino acids could be specified?

Biologists often look for organisms that are easy to grow in the laboratory and that demonstrate the phenomenon they wish to study. These organisms are called _______ organisms.

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

Activating enzymes

A mutation occurs such that a spliceosome cannot remove one of the introns in a gene. What effect will this have on that gene?

Which of the following statements about codons and anticodons is true?

Poly uracil codes for

Processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotes involves

During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the

The tail added to pre-mRNA is

The addition of phosphate groups to polypeptide chains following translation is called _______.

In eukaryotic cells, proteins that contain covalently attached sugar residues are translated

Posttranslational alterations of proteins

Single-stranded RNA replicates by

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

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The Plant Body

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

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The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _ from a _ template strand.