Question 1

Which statement about RNA splicing is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It removes introns. 
B)  It is performed by small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). 
C)  It removes the introns at the ribosome. 
D)  It is usually directed by consensus sequences. 
E)  It shortens the RNA molecule. 
A)  It removes introns. 
B)  It is performed by small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). 
C)  It removes the introns at the ribosome. 
D)  It is usually directed by consensus sequences. 
E)  It shortens the RNA molecule.

Question 2

Fewer different tRNA molecules exist than might have been expected for the complexity of its function. This is possible because

Accepted Answer

A)  the third position of the codon does not have to pair conventionally. 
B)  the second position of the codon does not have to pair conventionally. 
C)  the anticodon does not have the conventional bases. 
D)  there are fewer amino acids than there are possible codons. 
E)  the code is degenerating. 
A)  the third position of the codon does not have to pair conventionally. 
B)  the second position of the codon does not have to pair conventionally. 
C)  the anticodon does not have the conventional bases. 
D)  there are fewer amino acids than there are possible codons. 
E)  the code is degenerating.

Question 3

Which statement about RNA is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transfer RNA functions in translation. 
B)  Ribosomal RNA functions in translation. 
C)  RNAs are produced by transcription. 
D)  Messenger RNAs are produced on ribosomes. 
E)  DNA codes for mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. 
A)  Transfer RNA functions in translation. 
B)  Ribosomal RNA functions in translation. 
C)  RNAs are produced by transcription. 
D)  Messenger RNAs are produced on ribosomes. 
E)  DNA codes for mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Question 4

There are _______ different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  six 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  six

Question 5

Suppose that two different mutant strains of a bac­terium are unable to grow on a minimal medium without the addition of the amino acid lysine. Explain how this phenotype might be caused by different mutations in each strain, perhaps on the same gene and perhaps in two different genes.

Accepted Answer

The mutations in these two strains of ba

Question 6

RNA differs from DNA in base composition in that it contains _______ instead of thymine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA differs from DNA in base composition...

Question 7

Genetic material is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  lipids. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  ribose. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  lipids.

Question 8

Termination of translation requires

Accepted Answer

A)  a termination signal, RNA polymerase, and a release factor. 
B)  a release factor, initiator tRNA, and ribosomes. 
C)  initiation factors, the small subunit of the ribosome, and mRNA. 
D)  elongation factors and charged tRNAs. 
E)  a stop codon positioned at the A site of the ribosome, peptidyl transferase, and a release factor. 
A)  a termination signal, RNA polymerase, and a release factor. 
B)  a release factor, initiator tRNA, and ribosomes. 
C)  initiation factors, the small subunit of the ribosome, and mRNA. 
D)  elongation factors and charged tRNAs. 
E)  a stop codon positioned at the A site of the ribosome, peptidyl transferase, and a release factor.

Question 9

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidyl transferase. 
B)  DNA polymerase. 
C)  tRNA synthase. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
E)  RNA polymerase. 
A)  peptidyl transferase. 
B)  DNA polymerase. 
C)  tRNA synthase. 
D)  ribosomal RNA. 
E)  RNA polymerase.

Question 10

The difference between mRNA and tRNA is that

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA has a more elaborate three-dimensional structure. 
B)  tRNAs are usually much smaller than mRNAs. 
C)  mRNA carries amino acids. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above 
A)  tRNA has a more elaborate three-dimensional structure. 
B)  tRNAs are usually much smaller than mRNAs. 
C)  mRNA carries amino acids. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  None of the above

Question 11

Poly A tails

Accepted Answer

A)  are added after transcription. 
B)  are encoded by a sequence of thymines in the DNA. 
C)  are found in all mRNAs. 
D)  have no function. 
E)  are removed during RNA processing. 
A)  are added after transcription. 
B)  are encoded by a sequence of thymines in the DNA. 
C)  are found in all mRNAs. 
D)  have no function. 
E)  are removed during RNA processing.

Question 12

Tuberculosis is a world health issue, killing over a million people annually. Several antibiotics have been developed to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes the disease. Essentially the antibiotics

Accepted Answer

A)  kill the bacteria directly. 
B)  inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. 
C)  alleviate the bloody cough, fever, and chills so the patient can recover comfortably. 
D)  produce a lethal toxin that destroys the bacteria. 
E)  breaks peptide bonds preventing gene expression. 
A)  kill the bacteria directly. 
B)  inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. 
C)  alleviate the bloody cough, fever, and chills so the patient can recover comfortably. 
D)  produce a lethal toxin that destroys the bacteria. 
E)  breaks peptide bonds preventing gene expression.

Question 13

mRNA is synthesized in the _______ direction, which corresponds to the _______ of the protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  5´ to 3´; N terminus to C terminus 
B)  3´ to 5´; C terminus to N terminus 
C)  5´ to 3´; C terminus to N terminus 
D)  3´ to 5´; N terminus to C terminus 
E)  Examples of all of the above have been found. 
A)  5´ to 3´; N terminus to C terminus 
B)  3´ to 5´; C terminus to N terminus 
C)  5´ to 3´; C terminus to N terminus 
D)  3´ to 5´; N terminus to C terminus 
E)  Examples of all of the above have been found.

Question 14

The enzyme that charges the tRNA molecules with appropriate amino acids is

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA chargeatase. 
B)  amino tRNA chargeatase. 
C)  transcriptase. 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  tRNA chargeatase. 
B)  amino tRNA chargeatase. 
C)  transcriptase. 
D)  aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Which statement about translation is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Translation is RNA-directed polypeptide synthesis. 
B)  An mRNA molecule can be translated by only one ribosome at a time. 
C)  The same genetic code operates in almost all organisms and organelles. 
D)  Any ribosome can be used in the translation of any mRNA. 
E)  There are both start and stop codons. 
A)  Translation is RNA-directed polypeptide synthesis. 
B)  An mRNA molecule can be translated by only one ribosome at a time. 
C)  The same genetic code operates in almost all organisms and organelles. 
D)  Any ribosome can be used in the translation of any mRNA. 
E)  There are both start and stop codons.

Question 16

Based on your knowledge of metabolism in eukaryotes and what you have learned from this chapter, predict the intracellular location of the following enzymes: DNA polymerase I; pyruvate kinase; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; citrate synthase.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus; mitochondrion; chloroplast; cytoplasm 
B)  nucleus; cytoplasm; chloroplast; mitochondrion 
C)  cytoplasm; chloroplast; mitochondrion; nucleus 
D)  cytoplasm; chloroplast; nucleus; mitochondrion 
E)  mitochondrion; chloroplast; nucleus, cytoplasm 
A)  nucleus; mitochondrion; chloroplast; cytoplasm 
B)  nucleus; cytoplasm; chloroplast; mitochondrion 
C)  cytoplasm; chloroplast; mitochondrion; nucleus 
D)  cytoplasm; chloroplast; nucleus; mitochondrion 
E)  mitochondrion; chloroplast; nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 17

During translation elongation, the existing polypeptide chain is transferred to

Accepted Answer

A)  the tRNA occupying the A site. 
B)  the tRNA occupying the P site. 
C)  the ribosomal rRNA. 
D)  a signal recognition particle. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  the tRNA occupying the A site. 
B)  the tRNA occupying the P site. 
C)  the ribosomal rRNA. 
D)  a signal recognition particle. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

The genetic code

Accepted Answer

A)  is considered ambiguous. 
B)  is considered redundant. 
C)  differs among various organisms. 
D)  excludes start and stop codons. 
E)  has only one codon that represents glycine. 
A)  is considered ambiguous. 
B)  is considered redundant. 
C)  differs among various organisms. 
D)  excludes start and stop codons. 
E)  has only one codon that represents glycine.

Question 19

Cells that are making proteins at high rates

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulate free ribosomes. 
B)  accumulate ribosomal subunits. 
C)  are likely to have a single ribosome associated with mRNA. 
D)  are likely to have polysomes. 
E)  make just one copy of a protein from a single mRNA. 
A)  accumulate free ribosomes. 
B)  accumulate ribosomal subunits. 
C)  are likely to have a single ribosome associated with mRNA. 
D)  are likely to have polysomes. 
E)  make just one copy of a protein from a single mRNA.

Question 20

The adapters that allow translation of the four-letter nucleic acid language into the 20-letter protein language are called

Accepted Answer

A)  aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. 
B)  transfer RNAs. 
C)  ribosomal RNAs. 
D)  messenger RNAs. 
E)  ribosomes. 
A)  aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. 
B)  transfer RNAs. 
C)  ribosomal RNAs. 
D)  messenger RNAs. 
E)  ribosomes.

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Which statement about RNA splicing is not true?

Fewer different tRNA molecules exist than might have been expected for the complexity of its function. This is possible because

Which statement about RNA is not true?

There are _______ different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes.

Suppose that two different mutant strains of a bac­terium are unable to grow on a minimal medium without the addition of the amino acid lysine. Explain how this phenotype might be caused by different mutations in each strain, perhaps on the same gene and perhaps in two different genes.

RNA differs from DNA in base composition in that it contains _______ instead of thymine.

Genetic material is composed of

Termination of translation requires

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA is

The difference between mRNA and tRNA is that

Poly A tails

Tuberculosis is a world health issue, killing over a million people annually. Several antibiotics have been developed to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes the disease. Essentially the antibiotics

mRNA is synthesized in the _______ direction, which corresponds to the _______ of the protein.

The enzyme that charges the tRNA molecules with appropriate amino acids is

Which statement about translation is not true?

Based on your knowledge of metabolism in eukaryotes and what you have learned from this chapter, predict the intracellular location of the following enzymes: DNA polymerase I; pyruvate kinase; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; citrate synthase.

During translation elongation, the existing polypeptide chain is transferred to

The genetic code

Cells that are making proteins at high rates

The adapters that allow translation of the four-letter nucleic acid language into the 20-letter protein language are called

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

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The Plant Body

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The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

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Suppose that two different mutant strains of a bacterium are unable to grow on a minimal medium without the addition of the amino acid lysine. Explain how this phenotype might be caused by different mutations in each strain, perhaps on the same gene and perhaps in two different genes.

mRNA is synthesized in the _ direction, which corresponds to the _ of the protein.