Question 1

Termination codons

Accepted Answer

A)  are not part of the genetic code. 
B)  bind tRNAs. 
C)  bind mRNA factor. 
D)  stop translation. 
E)  stop transcription. 
A)  are not part of the genetic code. 
B)  bind tRNAs. 
C)  bind mRNA factor. 
D)  stop translation. 
E)  stop transcription.

Question 2

The genetic code

Accepted Answer

A)  is different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B)  has changed during the course of recent evolution. 
C)  has 64 codons that code for amino acids. 
D)  has more than one codon for many amino acids 
E)  is ambiguous. 
A)  is different for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B)  has changed during the course of recent evolution. 
C)  has 64 codons that code for amino acids. 
D)  has more than one codon for many amino acids 
E)  is ambiguous.

Question 3

Proteins are synthesized from the _______, in the _______ direction along the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  N terminus to C terminus; 5´ to 3´ 
B)  C terminus to N terminus; 5´ to 3´ 
C)  C terminus to N terminus; 3´ to 5´ 
D)  N terminus to C terminus; 3´ to 5´ 
E)  N terminus to N terminus; 5´ to 5´ 
A)  N terminus to C terminus; 5´ to 3´ 
B)  C terminus to N terminus; 5´ to 3´ 
C)  C terminus to N terminus; 3´ to 5´ 
D)  N terminus to C terminus; 3´ to 5´ 
E)  N terminus to N terminus; 5´ to 5´

Question 4

Which of the following single base substitutions in the transcribed strand of DNA would result in premature termination of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  CAA to CAG 
B)  CCT to CCC 
C)  ATG to ATT 
D)  GAG to TAG 
E)  CTG to CTT 
A)  CAA to CAG 
B)  CCT to CCC 
C)  ATG to ATT 
D)  GAG to TAG 
E)  CTG to CTT

Question 5

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  small proteins; translation 
B)  proteins and small RNAs; translation 
C)  proteins and tRNAs; transcription 
D)  proteins and mRNAs; translation 
E)  mRNAs and tRNAs; translation 
A)  small proteins; translation 
B)  proteins and small RNAs; translation 
C)  proteins and tRNAs; transcription 
D)  proteins and mRNAs; translation 
E)  mRNAs and tRNAs; translation

Question 6

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It synthesizes mRNA in a 5´-to-3´ direction, reading the DNA strand 3´ to 5´. 
B)  It synthesizes mRNA in a 3´-to-5´ direction, reading the DNA strand 5´ to 3´. 
C)  It binds at the promoter and unwinds the DNA. 
D)  It does not require a primer to initiate transcription. 
E)  It uses only one strand of DNA as a template for synthesizing RNA. 
A)  It synthesizes mRNA in a 5´-to-3´ direction, reading the DNA strand 3´ to 5´. 
B)  It synthesizes mRNA in a 3´-to-5´ direction, reading the DNA strand 5´ to 3´. 
C)  It binds at the promoter and unwinds the DNA. 
D)  It does not require a primer to initiate transcription. 
E)  It uses only one strand of DNA as a template for synthesizing RNA.

Question 7

How many codons specify amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  45 
D)  60 
E)  61 
A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  45 
D)  60 
E)  61

Question 8

The binding of snRNPs to consensus sequences is necessary for

Accepted Answer

A)  gene duplication. 
B)  the addition of a poly A tail. 
C)  capping an hnRNA. 
D)  RNA splicing. 
E)  transcription. 
A)  gene duplication. 
B)  the addition of a poly A tail. 
C)  capping an hnRNA. 
D)  RNA splicing. 
E)  transcription.

Question 9

Exons are

Accepted Answer

A)  spliced out of the original transcript. 
B)  spliced together from the original transcript. 
C)  spliced to introns to form the final transcript. 
D)  much larger than introns. 
E)  larger than the original coding region. 
A)  spliced out of the original transcript. 
B)  spliced together from the original transcript. 
C)  spliced to introns to form the final transcript. 
D)  much larger than introns. 
E)  larger than the original coding region.

Question 10

Which of the following is not a difference between gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are several different RNA polymerases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B)  In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires transcription factors or initiation. 
C)  Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together. 
D)  In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes. 
E)  There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters. 
A)  There are several different RNA polymerases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 
B)  In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires transcription factors or initiation. 
C)  Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together. 
D)  In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes. 
E)  There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

Question 11

Prototrophs ("original eaters") grow on minimal media, whereas _______ ("increased eaters") require specific additional nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prototrophs ("original eaters") grow on minimal media,...

Question 12

RNA polymerase is

Accepted Answer

A)  an RNA-directed DNA polymerase. 
B)  an RNA-directed RNA polymerase. 
C)  a DNA-directed RNA polymerase. 
D)  a typical enzyme. 
E)  a form of RNA. 
A)  an RNA-directed DNA polymerase. 
B)  an RNA-directed RNA polymerase. 
C)  a DNA-directed RNA polymerase. 
D)  a typical enzyme. 
E)  a form of RNA.

Question 13

Beadle and Tatum proposed the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. Why did this hypothesis have to be modified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some RNAs have catalytic activity. 
B)  Not all proteins are enzymes. 
C)  Some enzymes are made up of more than one polypeptide. 
D)  Not all genes code for enzymes. 
E)  Not all enzymes are coded for by genes. 
A)  Some RNAs have catalytic activity. 
B)  Not all proteins are enzymes. 
C)  Some enzymes are made up of more than one polypeptide. 
D)  Not all genes code for enzymes. 
E)  Not all enzymes are coded for by genes.

Question 14

An mRNA has the sequence 5´-AUGAAAUCCUAG-3´. What is the template DNA strand for this sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  5´-TACTTTAGGATC-3´ 
B)  5´-ATGAAATCCTAG-3´ 
C)  5´-GATCCTAAAGTA-3´ 
D)  5´-TACAAATCCTAG-3´ 
E)  5´-CTAGGATTTCAT-3´ 
A)  5´-TACTTTAGGATC-3´ 
B)  5´-ATGAAATCCTAG-3´ 
C)  5´-GATCCTAAAGTA-3´ 
D)  5´-TACAAATCCTAG-3´ 
E)  5´-CTAGGATTTCAT-3´

Question 15

Peptidyl transferase is an

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme found in the nucleus of the cell that assists in the transfer of mRNA to the cytoplasm. 
B)  enzyme that adds the amino acid to the 3´ end of the tRNA. 
C)  enzyme found in the large subunit of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond in the growing polypeptide. 
D)  RNA molecule that is catalytic. 
E)  Both c and d 
A)  enzyme found in the nucleus of the cell that assists in the transfer of mRNA to the cytoplasm. 
B)  enzyme that adds the amino acid to the 3´ end of the tRNA. 
C)  enzyme found in the large subunit of the ribosome that catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond in the growing polypeptide. 
D)  RNA molecule that is catalytic. 
E)  Both c and d

Question 16

Order the four steps in eukaryotic gene expression given below from beginning to end. 
(1) Pre-mRNA is processed to make mRNA.
(2) Ribosomes translate the mRNA message to make proteins.
(3) mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm.
(4) DNA is used as a template make pre-mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  1; 4; 3; 2 
B)  4; 3; 1; 2 
C)  4; 1; 3; 2 
D)  4; 1; 2; 3 
E)  1; 2; 4; 3 
A)  1; 4; 3; 2 
B)  4; 3; 1; 2 
C)  4; 1; 3; 2 
D)  4; 1; 2; 3 
E)  1; 2; 4; 3

Question 17

Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in a _______ direction, and from _______ terminus to _______ terminus.

Accepted Answer

A)  3´-to-5´; N; C 
B)  5´-to-3´; N; C 
C)  3´-to-5´; C; N 
D)  5´-to-3´; C; N 
E)  3´-to-5´; C; C 
A)  3´-to-5´; N; C 
B)  5´-to-3´; N; C 
C)  3´-to-5´; C; N 
D)  5´-to-3´; C; N 
E)  3´-to-5´; C; C

Question 18

If the following synthetic RNA were added to a test tube containing all the components necessary for protein translation to occur, what would the amino acid sequence be? 5´ - A U A U A U A U A U A U - 3´

Accepted Answer

A)  Polyphenylalanine 
B)  Isoleucine-tyrosine-isoleucine-tyrosine 
C)  Isoleucine-isoleucine-isoleucine-isoleucine 
D)  Tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine 
E)  Aspargine-aspargine-aspargine-aspargine 
A)  Polyphenylalanine 
B)  Isoleucine-tyrosine-isoleucine-tyrosine 
C)  Isoleucine-isoleucine-isoleucine-isoleucine 
D)  Tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine-tyrosine 
E)  Aspargine-aspargine-aspargine-aspargine

Question 19

Which of the following is not part of RNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Splicing of exons 
B)  Reverse transcription 
C)  Addition of a 5´ cap 
D)  Addition of a poly A tail 
E)  Intron removal 
A)  Splicing of exons 
B)  Reverse transcription 
C)  Addition of a 5´ cap 
D)  Addition of a poly A tail 
E)  Intron removal

Question 20

The fact that some tRNA molecules do not have to pair exactly is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fact that some tRNA molecules do...

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Termination codons

The genetic code

Proteins are synthesized from the _______, in the _______ direction along the mRNA.

Which of the following single base substitutions in the transcribed strand of DNA would result in premature termination of translation?

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is false?

How many codons specify amino acids?

The binding of snRNPs to consensus sequences is necessary for

Exons are

Which of the following is not a difference between gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prototrophs ("original eaters") grow on minimal media, whereas _______ ("increased eaters") require specific additional nutrients.

RNA polymerase is

Beadle and Tatum proposed the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. Why did this hypothesis have to be modified?

An mRNA has the sequence 5´-AUGAAAUCCUAG-3´. What is the template DNA strand for this sequence?

Peptidyl transferase is an

Order the four steps in eukaryotic gene expression given below from beginning to end. (1) Pre-mRNA is processed to make mRNA. (2) Ribosomes translate the mRNA message to make proteins. (3) mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm. (4) DNA is used as a template make pre-mRNA.

Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in a _______ direction, and from _______ terminus to _______ terminus.

If the following synthetic RNA were added to a test tube containing all the components necessary for protein translation to occur, what would the amino acid sequence be? 5´ - A U A U A U A U A U A U - 3´

Which of the following is not part of RNA processing in eukaryotes?

The fact that some tRNA molecules do not have to pair exactly is called _______.

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

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Regulation of Gene Expression

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Differential Gene Expression in Development

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Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

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Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

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Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

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Filters

Proteins are synthesized from the _, in the _ direction along the mRNA.

Ribosomes are a collection of _ that are needed for _.

Translation of messenger RNA into protein occurs in a ___ direction, and from _ terminus to _____ terminus.