Question 1

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next reaction. 
B)  They are a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. 
C)  Almost all are anabolic. 
D)  They are similar in all organisms. 
E)  Many are compartmentalized in eukaryotes. 
A)  The product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next reaction. 
B)  They are a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. 
C)  Almost all are anabolic. 
D)  They are similar in all organisms. 
E)  Many are compartmentalized in eukaryotes. C

Question 2

One of the by-products of aerobic cellular respiration is carbon dioxide. Assuming you begin with labeled glucose, trace the fate of that molecule until carbon dioxide is released.

Accepted Answer

Fermentation yields only two ATP. Cellular respiration yields 32 ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following is recycled and reused in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  Pi 
E)  All of the above 
A)  ADP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  FAD 
D)  Pi 
E)  All of the above E

Question 4

Metabolic syndrome is a disorder with several symptoms including obesity. An experimental drug, Aicar, may aid in treating this disorder. It works by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. 
B)  decreasing oxidative phosphorylation from ATP. 
C)  increasing the breakdown of fat to yield ATP. 
D)  stimulating production of fast-twitch muscle fibers. 
E)  converting slow-twitch muscle fibers into fast-twitch muscle fibers. 
A)  increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. 
B)  decreasing oxidative phosphorylation from ATP. 
C)  increasing the breakdown of fat to yield ATP. 
D)  stimulating production of fast-twitch muscle fibers. 
E)  converting slow-twitch muscle fibers into fast-twitch muscle fibers.

Question 5

Before starch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolyzed to

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate. 
B)  fatty acids. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  oxaloacetate. 
A)  pyruvate. 
B)  fatty acids. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  oxaloacetate.

Question 6

In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus. 
B)  chloroplast. 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  mitochondrion. 
E)  cytosol. 
A)  nucleus. 
B)  chloroplast. 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  mitochondrion. 
E)  cytosol.

Question 7

During the citric acid cycle, energy stored in acetyl CoA is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a proton gradient. 
B)  drive the reaction ADP + Pi $\to$ ATP. 
C)  reduce NAD+ to NADH. 
D)  drive the reaction oxaloacetate $\to$ citric acid. 
E)  reduce FAD to FADH2. 
A)  create a proton gradient. 
B)  drive the reaction ADP + Pi $\to$ ATP. 
C)  reduce NAD+ to NADH. 
D)  drive the reaction oxaloacetate $\to$ citric acid. 
E)  reduce FAD to FADH2.

Question 8

A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. What do you think would happen to the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose usage would decrease; ethanol production would increase. 
B)  Glucose usage would increase; ethanol production would decrease. 
C)  Both glucose usage and ethanol production would increase. 
D)  Both glucose usage and ethanol production would be unchanged. 
E)  Glucose usage would not change; ethanol production would increase. 
A)  Glucose usage would decrease; ethanol production would increase. 
B)  Glucose usage would increase; ethanol production would decrease. 
C)  Both glucose usage and ethanol production would increase. 
D)  Both glucose usage and ethanol production would be unchanged. 
E)  Glucose usage would not change; ethanol production would increase.

Question 9

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+. NAD+ is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent. 
A)  reducing agent. 
B)  oxidizing agent. 
C)  vitamin. 
D)  phosphate ester. 
E)  phosphorylating agent.

Question 10

In the absence of oxygen, cells capable of fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulate glucose. 
B)  no longer produce ATP. 
C)  accumulate pyruvate. 
D)  oxidize FAD. 
E)  oxidize NADH to produce NAD+. 
A)  accumulate glucose. 
B)  no longer produce ATP. 
C)  accumulate pyruvate. 
D)  oxidize FAD. 
E)  oxidize NADH to produce NAD+.

Question 11

Fats are the preferred energy source in many organisms because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are less dense than polysaccharides. 
B)  they have more C-H bonds and less C-OH bonds. 
C)  they are nonpolar. 
D)  fats do not bind to water. 
E)  they have essential roles as enzymes and structural elements. 
A)  they are less dense than polysaccharides. 
B)  they have more C-H bonds and less C-OH bonds. 
C)  they are nonpolar. 
D)  fats do not bind to water. 
E)  they have essential roles as enzymes and structural elements.

Question 12

The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is

Accepted Answer

A)  the electron transport chain. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  lactic acid fermentation. 
E)  alcoholic fermentation. 
A)  the electron transport chain. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  glycolysis. 
D)  lactic acid fermentation. 
E)  alcoholic fermentation.

Question 13

The drug 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) destroys the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. What would be the effect of incubating isolated mitochondria in a solution of DNP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen would no longer be reduced to water. 
B)  No ATP would be made during transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. 
C)  Mitochondria would show a burst of increased ATP synthesis. 
D)  Glycolysis would stop. 
E)  Mitochondria would switch from glycolysis to fermentation. 
A)  Oxygen would no longer be reduced to water. 
B)  No ATP would be made during transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. 
C)  Mitochondria would show a burst of increased ATP synthesis. 
D)  Glycolysis would stop. 
E)  Mitochondria would switch from glycolysis to fermentation.

Question 14

Which of the following cellular metabolic processes is active in all cells, regardless of the presence or the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The citric acid cycle 
B)  Electron transport 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Pyruvate oxidation 
A)  The citric acid cycle 
B)  Electron transport 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Pyruvate oxidation

Question 15

A person on a severe diet will lose weight but is also likely to suffer from undernutrition and eventually starvation. If a person does not eat enough to produce sufficient ATP and NADH for biological activities, energy sources will be depleted in what order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycogen; fats; proteins 
B)  Fats; glycogen; proteins 
C)  Glycogen; proteins; fats 
D)  Fats; proteins; glycogen 
E)  Proteins; glycogen; fats 
A)  Glycogen; fats; proteins 
B)  Fats; glycogen; proteins 
C)  Glycogen; proteins; fats 
D)  Fats; proteins; glycogen 
E)  Proteins; glycogen; fats

Question 16

Where do the bubbles in beer come from?

Accepted Answer

The bubbles in beer are bubble

Question 17

The main function of cellular respiration is the

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that the cell can use. 
B)  recovery of NAD+ from NADPH. 
C)  conversion of kinetic to potential energy. 
D)  creation of energy in the cell. 
E)  elimination of excess glucose from the cell. 
A)  conversion of energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose to an energy form that the cell can use. 
B)  recovery of NAD+ from NADPH. 
C)  conversion of kinetic to potential energy. 
D)  creation of energy in the cell. 
E)  elimination of excess glucose from the cell.

Question 18

Pyruvate is _______ to form acetate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pyruvate is _______ to form acetate....

Question 19

The citric acid cycle

Accepted Answer

A)  has no connection with the respiratory chain. 
B)  is the same thing as fermentation. 
C)  reduces two NAD+ for every glucose processed. 
D)  produces no ATP. 
E)  takes place in the mitochondrion. 
A)  has no connection with the respiratory chain. 
B)  is the same thing as fermentation. 
C)  reduces two NAD+ for every glucose processed. 
D)  produces no ATP. 
E)  takes place in the mitochondrion.

Question 20

In nonphotosynthetic organisms, the most common chemical fuel is _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In nonphotosynthetic organisms, the most common chemical...

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Which of the following statements about metabolic pathways is false?

One of the by-products of aerobic cellular respiration is carbon dioxide. Assuming you begin with labeled glucose, trace the fate of that molecule until carbon dioxide is released.

Which of the following is recycled and reused in cellular metabolism?

Metabolic syndrome is a disorder with several symptoms including obesity. An experimental drug, Aicar, may aid in treating this disorder. It works by

Before starch can be used for respiratory ATP production, it must be hydrolyzed to

In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the

During the citric acid cycle, energy stored in acetyl CoA is used to

A suspension of yeast supplied with glucose as its source of energy was transferred from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. What do you think would happen to the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of ethanol production after the transfer?

The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD+ to NADH + H+. NAD+ is a(n)

In the absence of oxygen, cells capable of fermentation

Fats are the preferred energy source in many organisms because

The component of aerobic respiration that produces the most ATP per mole of glucose is

The drug 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) destroys the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. What would be the effect of incubating isolated mitochondria in a solution of DNP?

Which of the following cellular metabolic processes is active in all cells, regardless of the presence or the absence of oxygen?

A person on a severe diet will lose weight but is also likely to suffer from undernutrition and eventually starvation. If a person does not eat enough to produce sufficient ATP and NADH for biological activities, energy sources will be depleted in what order?

Where do the bubbles in beer come from?

The main function of cellular respiration is the

Pyruvate is _______ to form acetate.

The citric acid cycle

In nonphotosynthetic organisms, the most common chemical fuel is _______.

Studying Life

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The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is coupled to the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH + H⁺. NAD⁺ is a(n)