Question 1

Which statement about pyruvate is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the end product of glycolysis. 
B)  It becomes reduced during fermentation. 
C)  It is a precursor of acetyl CoA. 
D)  It is a protein. 
E)  It contains three carbon atoms. 
A)  It is the end product of glycolysis. 
B)  It becomes reduced during fermentation. 
C)  It is a precursor of acetyl CoA. 
D)  It is a protein. 
E)  It contains three carbon atoms.

Question 2

Which statement about oxidative phosphorylation is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms ATP by the respiratory chain/ATP synthesis. 
B)  It is brought about by chemiosmosis. 
C)  It requires aerobic conditions. 
D)  It takes place in mitochondria. 
E)  Its functions can be served equally well by fermentation. 
A)  It forms ATP by the respiratory chain/ATP synthesis. 
B)  It is brought about by chemiosmosis. 
C)  It requires aerobic conditions. 
D)  It takes place in mitochondria. 
E)  Its functions can be served equally well by fermentation.

Question 3

Water is a by-product of cellular respiration. The water is produced as a result of the

Accepted Answer

A)  combining of carbon dioxide with protons. 
B)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
C)  degradation of glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  combining of carbon dioxide with protons. 
B)  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. 
C)  degradation of glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reduction of oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain. 
E)  None of the above

Question 4

The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle takes place with the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. In this reaction, NAD+ is

Accepted Answer

A)  the reducing agent. 
B)  the oxidizing agent. 
C)  reduced. 
D)  oxidized. 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  the reducing agent. 
B)  the oxidizing agent. 
C)  reduced. 
D)  oxidized. 
E)  Both b and c

Question 5

Glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. The process requires

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen, ATP, and a series of reactions. 
B)  carbon dioxide, 5 enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and glucose to begin the series of reactions. 
C)  pyruvic acid, oxygen, and enzymes to oxidize glucose inside the mitochondria 
D)  the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to catalyze the reactions. 
E)  10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions, each reaction dependent on the products of the previous reaction to proceed. 
A)  oxygen, ATP, and a series of reactions. 
B)  carbon dioxide, 5 enzyme-catalyzed reactions, and glucose to begin the series of reactions. 
C)  pyruvic acid, oxygen, and enzymes to oxidize glucose inside the mitochondria 
D)  the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to catalyze the reactions. 
E)  10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions, each reaction dependent on the products of the previous reaction to proceed.

Question 6

One purpose of the electron transport chain is to

Accepted Answer

A)  cycle NADH + H+ back to NAD+. 
B)  use the intermediates from the citric acid cycle. 
C)  break down pyruvate. 
D)  increase the number of protons in the mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  consume excess ATP. 
A)  cycle NADH + H+ back to NAD+. 
B)  use the intermediates from the citric acid cycle. 
C)  break down pyruvate. 
D)  increase the number of protons in the mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  consume excess ATP.

Question 7

NAD+ is

Accepted Answer

A)  a type of organelle. 
B)  a protein. 
C)  present only in mitochondria. 
D)  a part of ATP. 
E)  formed in the reaction that produces ethanol. 
A)  a type of organelle. 
B)  a protein. 
C)  present only in mitochondria. 
D)  a part of ATP. 
E)  formed in the reaction that produces ethanol.

Question 8

The respiratory chain

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  includes only peripheral membrane proteins. 
C)  always produces ATP. 
D)  reoxidizes reduced coenzymes. 
E)  operates simultaneously with fermentation. 
A)  is located in the mitochondrial matrix. 
B)  includes only peripheral membrane proteins. 
C)  always produces ATP. 
D)  reoxidizes reduced coenzymes. 
E)  operates simultaneously with fermentation.

Question 9

In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  respiration. 
B)  a redox reaction. 
C)  exergonic. 
D)  endergonic. 
E)  fermentation. 
A)  respiration. 
B)  a redox reaction. 
C)  exergonic. 
D)  endergonic. 
E)  fermentation.

Question 10

Fatty acids must be converted to _______ before they can be used for respiratory ATP production.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fatty acids must be converted to _______...

Question 11

Which of the following statements about redox reactions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidizing agents accept electrons. 
B)  Oxidizing agents donate electrons. 
C)  A molecule that accepts electrons is said to be oxidized. 
D)  A molecule that donates electrons is said to be reduced. 
E)  Oxidizing agents accept electrons and are reduced in the process. 
A)  Oxidizing agents accept electrons. 
B)  Oxidizing agents donate electrons. 
C)  A molecule that accepts electrons is said to be oxidized. 
D)  A molecule that donates electrons is said to be reduced. 
E)  Oxidizing agents accept electrons and are reduced in the process.

Question 12

Pyruvate oxidation generates

Accepted Answer

A)  acetate. 
B)  NADH + H+ from NAD+. 
C)  a change in free energy. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  acetate. 
B)  NADH + H+ from NAD+. 
C)  a change in free energy. 
D)  CO2. 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

For each molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are synthesized in fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  3 
E)  4

Question 14

In the complete oxidation of glucose, 6 CO2 molecules are formed per glucose oxidized. Choose from the list below the correct numbers of CO2 molecules released by glycolysis (gly), the citric acid cycle (CAC), and pyruvate oxidation (pyr).

Accepted Answer

A)  gly 1; CAC 3; pyr 2 
B)  gly 2; CAC 2; pyr 2 
C)  gly 1; CAC 4; pyr 1 
D)  gly 0; CAC 4; pyr 2 
E)  gly 0; CAC 6; pyr 0 
A)  gly 1; CAC 3; pyr 2 
B)  gly 2; CAC 2; pyr 2 
C)  gly 1; CAC 4; pyr 1 
D)  gly 0; CAC 4; pyr 2 
E)  gly 0; CAC 6; pyr 0

Question 15

_______ is a protein receptor that regulates the transcription of genes involved in the breakdown of fat into ATP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is a protein receptor that regulates...

Question 16

Explain how the proton-motive force drives chemiosmosis.

Accepted Answer

The proton-motive force results in a con

Question 17

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, and IV), cytochrome c, and ubiquinone. The function of these molecules is to

Accepted Answer

A)  transport electrons. 
B)  ensure the production of water and oxygen. 
C)  regulate the passage of water through the chain. 
D)  oxidize NADH. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  transport electrons. 
B)  ensure the production of water and oxygen. 
C)  regulate the passage of water through the chain. 
D)  oxidize NADH. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

NAD

Accepted Answer

A)  is a key electron carrier in redox reactions. 
B)  requires oxygen to function. 
C)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
D)  binds with an acetyl group to form acetyl CoA. 
E)  detoxifies hydrogen peroxide. 
A)  is a key electron carrier in redox reactions. 
B)  requires oxygen to function. 
C)  is found only in prokaryotes. 
D)  binds with an acetyl group to form acetyl CoA. 
E)  detoxifies hydrogen peroxide.

Question 19

Oxidation and reduction

Accepted Answer

A)  entail the gain or loss of proteins. 
B)  are defined as the loss of electrons. 
C)  are both endergonic reactions. 
D)  always occur together. 
E)  proceed only under aerobic conditions. 
A)  entail the gain or loss of proteins. 
B)  are defined as the loss of electrons. 
C)  are both endergonic reactions. 
D)  always occur together. 
E)  proceed only under aerobic conditions.

Question 20

Glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A)  takes place in the mitochondrion. 
B)  produces no ATP. 
C)  has no connection with the respiratory chain. 
D)  is the same thing as fermentation. 
E)  reduces two molecules of NAD+ for every glucose molecule processed. 
A)  takes place in the mitochondrion. 
B)  produces no ATP. 
C)  has no connection with the respiratory chain. 
D)  is the same thing as fermentation. 
E)  reduces two molecules of NAD+ for every glucose molecule processed.

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Which statement about pyruvate is not true?

Which statement about oxidative phosphorylation is not true?

Water is a by-product of cellular respiration. The water is produced as a result of the

The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle takes place with the conversion of NAD+ to NADH. In this reaction, NAD+ is

Glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. The process requires

One purpose of the electron transport chain is to

NAD+ is

The respiratory chain

In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

Fatty acids must be converted to _______ before they can be used for respiratory ATP production.

Which of the following statements about redox reactions is true?

Pyruvate oxidation generates

For each molecule of glucose, how many ATPs are synthesized in fermentation?

In the complete oxidation of glucose, 6 CO2 molecules are formed per glucose oxidized. Choose from the list below the correct numbers of CO2 molecules released by glycolysis (gly), the citric acid cycle (CAC), and pyruvate oxidation (pyr).

_______ is a protein receptor that regulates the transcription of genes involved in the breakdown of fat into ATP.

Explain how the proton-motive force drives chemiosmosis.

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes (I, II, III, and IV), cytochrome c, and ubiquinone. The function of these molecules is to

NAD

Oxidation and reduction

Glycolysis

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The conversion of malate to oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle takes place with the conversion of NAD⁺ to NADH. In this reaction, NAD⁺ is

NAD⁺ is

In the complete oxidation of glucose, 6 CO₂ molecules are formed per glucose oxidized. Choose from the list below the correct numbers of CO₂molecules released by glycolysis (gly), the citric acid cycle (CAC), and pyruvate oxidation (pyr).