Question 1

The first five reactions of the glycolytic pathway result in

Accepted Answer

A)  the addition of phosphates, modification of sugars, and formation of G3P. 
B)  oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reactions with oxygen. 
C)  the oxidation of pyruvate and formation of acetyl CoA. 
D)  the removal of hydrogen and protons from glucose. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  the addition of phosphates, modification of sugars, and formation of G3P. 
B)  oxidative steps, proton pumping, and reactions with oxygen. 
C)  the oxidation of pyruvate and formation of acetyl CoA. 
D)  the removal of hydrogen and protons from glucose. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following events occurs in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 is released. 
B)  CO2 is reduced. 
C)  Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. 
D)  Only NAD+ is reduced. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  CO2 is released. 
B)  CO2 is reduced. 
C)  Cytochromes, FADH, and NADH are oxidized. 
D)  Only NAD+ is reduced. 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

Within the cell, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a multienzyme complex of the citric acid cycle, is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoids. 
B)  cytoplasm. 
C)  chloroplast. 
D)  mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  plasma membrane. 
A)  thylakoids. 
B)  cytoplasm. 
C)  chloroplast. 
D)  mitochondrial matrix. 
E)  plasma membrane.

Question 4

The citric acid cycle begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  pyruvate. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  NADH + H+. 
E)  ATP synthase. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  pyruvate. 
C)  acetyl CoA. 
D)  NADH + H+. 
E)  ATP synthase.

Question 5

Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermentation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Citric acid cycle 
D)  Electron transport chain 
E)  Creation of a proton gradient 
A)  Fermentation 
B)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  Citric acid cycle 
D)  Electron transport chain 
E)  Creation of a proton gradient

Question 6

ATP is

Accepted Answer

A)  a short-term energy-storage compound. 
B)  the cell's principal compound for energy transfers. 
C)  synthesized within mitochondria. 
D)  the molecule all living cells rely on to do work. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  a short-term energy-storage compound. 
B)  the cell's principal compound for energy transfers. 
C)  synthesized within mitochondria. 
D)  the molecule all living cells rely on to do work. 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Glycolysis

Accepted Answer

A)  is the conversion of glucose to two molecules of lactate. 
B)  is an endergonic reaction. 
C)  consumes ATP. 
D)  is an oxidation-reduction process. 
E)  releases carbon dioxide. 
A)  is the conversion of glucose to two molecules of lactate. 
B)  is an endergonic reaction. 
C)  consumes ATP. 
D)  is an oxidation-reduction process. 
E)  releases carbon dioxide.

Question 8

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is _______ molecule(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  six 
E)  eight 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  six 
E)  eight

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 6-C sugar is broken down to two 3-C molecules. 
B)  Two ATP molecules are consumed. 
C)  Glycolysis requires oxygen. 
D)  A net sum of two ATP molecules is generated. 
E)  Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol. 
A)  A 6-C sugar is broken down to two 3-C molecules. 
B)  Two ATP molecules are consumed. 
C)  Glycolysis requires oxygen. 
D)  A net sum of two ATP molecules is generated. 
E)  Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthesis cannot occur without the presence of ATP synthase. 
B)  The proton-motive force is the establishment of a charge and concentration gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. 
C)  The proton-motive force drives protons back across the membrane through channels established by the ATP synthase channel protein. 
D)  The ATP synthase protein is composed of two units. 
E)  The intermembrane space is more basic than the mitochondrial matrix. 
A)  ATP synthesis cannot occur without the presence of ATP synthase. 
B)  The proton-motive force is the establishment of a charge and concentration gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. 
C)  The proton-motive force drives protons back across the membrane through channels established by the ATP synthase channel protein. 
D)  The ATP synthase protein is composed of two units. 
E)  The intermembrane space is more basic than the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 11

The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)  catalyze reactions in glycolysis. 
B)  produce CO2. 
C)  form ATP. 
D)  accept electrons from the respiratory chain. 
E)  react with glucose to split water. 
A)  catalyze reactions in glycolysis. 
B)  produce CO2. 
C)  form ATP. 
D)  accept electrons from the respiratory chain. 
E)  react with glucose to split water.

Question 12

A chemical reaction resulting in the transfer of electrons or hydrogen atoms is called a(n) _______ reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chemical reaction resulting in the transfer...

Question 13

The chemiosmotic formation of ATP during the operation of the respiratory chain is called _______.

Accepted Answer

oxidative

Question 14

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi by mitochondria

Accepted Answer

A)  is an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
B)  is linked to electron transport. 
C)  takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  does not require energy. 
E)  accounts for a minor fraction of all of the ATP made by cells. 
A)  is an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
B)  is linked to electron transport. 
C)  takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  does not require energy. 
E)  accounts for a minor fraction of all of the ATP made by cells.

Question 15

Muscle cells of marathon racers contain many mitochondria and use oxygen to break down fats and carbohydrates. Ninety percent of marathon runners' muscle is made up of _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Muscle cells of marathon racers contain many...

Question 16

The end products of glycolysis are

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate. 
B)  pyruvate, ATP, and NAD+. 
C)  acetylCoA, ATP, and NAD+. 
D)  pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. 
E)  acetylCoA, ATP, and NADH. 
A)  pyruvate. 
B)  pyruvate, ATP, and NAD+. 
C)  acetylCoA, ATP, and NAD+. 
D)  pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. 
E)  acetylCoA, ATP, and NADH.

Question 17

In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  pyruvate oxidation. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  chemosmosis. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  pyruvate oxidation. 
D)  the citric acid cycle. 
E)  chemosmosis.

Question 18

When a person consumes a packet of pure sugar and burns it for energy, where does the carbon in the sugar ultimately go? Is the same true of the carbons in fat molecules when a person loses weight?

Accepted Answer

The carbon in the sugar is exh

Question 19

The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an exergonic reaction. 
B)  an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis. 
C)  a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  an exergonic reaction. 
B)  an extra source of energy as the result of glycolysis. 
C)  a fermentation process that takes place in the absence of oxygen. 
D)  cellular respiration. 
E)  None of the above

Question 20

In yeast, if the citric acid cycle is shut down because of a lack of oxygen, glycolysis will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  shut down. 
B)  increase. 
C)  produce more ATP per mole of glucose. 
D)  produce more NADH per mole of glucose. 
E)  produce acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis. 
A)  shut down. 
B)  increase. 
C)  produce more ATP per mole of glucose. 
D)  produce more NADH per mole of glucose. 
E)  produce acetyl CoA for fatty acid synthesis.

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

The first five reactions of the glycolytic pathway result in

Which of the following events occurs in the electron transport chain?

Within the cell, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a multienzyme complex of the citric acid cycle, is located in the

The citric acid cycle begins with

Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells?

ATP is

Glycolysis

During the fermentation of one molecule of glucose, the net production of ATP is _______ molecule(s).

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

Which of the following statements concerning the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria is false?

The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to

A chemical reaction resulting in the transfer of electrons or hydrogen atoms is called a(n) _______ reaction.

The chemiosmotic formation of ATP during the operation of the respiratory chain is called _______.

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi by mitochondria

Muscle cells of marathon racers contain many mitochondria and use oxygen to break down fats and carbohydrates. Ninety percent of marathon runners' muscle is made up of _______.

The end products of glycolysis are

In all cells, glucose metabolism begins with

When a person consumes a packet of pure sugar and burns it for energy, where does the carbon in the sugar ultimately go? Is the same true of the carbons in fat molecules when a person loses weight?

The formation of ethanol from pyruvate is an example of

In yeast, if the citric acid cycle is shut down because of a lack of oxygen, glycolysis will probably

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