Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Cyanide kills by inhibiting cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondria so that oxygen can no longer be utilized and the electron transport chain halts. However, many cells in the human body are capable of lactic acid fermentation. Since cyanide does not inhibit glycolysis and fermentation, what could explain cyanide's lethal affect on humans?

What is the metabolic fate of pyruvate in anaerobic muscle?

Which of the compounds listed below link(s) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain contains four large protein complexes: NADH-Q reductase complex, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c reductase complex, and cytochrome c oxidase complex. These proteins

The enzyme-catalyzed transfer of phosphate groups to ADP molecules to form ATP is called _______.

In some mammals, such as newborn humans and hibernating animals, body temperature is raised by means of

More free energy is released during the citric acid cycle than during glycolysis, but only 1 mole of ATP is produced for each mole of acetyl CoA that enters the cycle. Most of the remaining free energy produced during the citric acid cycle is

Which of the following describes the role of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

For bacteria to continue growing rapidly when they are shifted from an environment containing oxygen to an anaerobic environment, they must

According to the chemiosmotic theory, the energy for the synthesis of ATP during the flow of electrons down the respiratory chain is provided directly by the

Which of the following oxidizes other compounds by gaining free energy and hydrogen atoms and reduces other compounds by giving up free energy and hydrogen atoms?

The end result of glycolysis is the

When the supply of acetyl CoA being produced exceeds the demands of the citric acid cycle, some of the acetyl CoA is diverted to the synthesis of

Yeast cells tend to create anaerobic conditions because they use oxygen more quickly than it can be replaced by diffusion through the cell membrane. For this reason, yeast cells

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?

During glycolysis, for each mole of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,

Electron transport within NADH-Q reductase, cytochrome reductase, and cytochrome oxidase can be coupled to proton transport from the mitochondrial matrix to the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, because those protein complexes are

The function of NAD⁺ is to

Cellular respiration is allosterically controlled. Which of the following act(s) as inhibitors at the various control points?

For glycolysis to continue, all cells require