Question 1

In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack discrete _______ compartments.

Accepted Answer

intracellular

Question 2

A phylogenetic tree

Accepted Answer

A)  shows evolutionary relationships. 
B)  relies on evidence from fossils, metabolic processes, and molecular analyses of genomes. 
C)  helps us understand the history and relationships of living organisms. 
D)  shows the order in which populations split and evolved into new species. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  shows evolutionary relationships. 
B)  relies on evidence from fossils, metabolic processes, and molecular analyses of genomes. 
C)  helps us understand the history and relationships of living organisms. 
D)  shows the order in which populations split and evolved into new species. 
E)  All of the above E

Question 3

A key point in Darwin's explanation of evolution is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological structures most likely to be inherited are those that have become best suited to the environment through constant use. 
B)  all mutations that occur are those that will help future generations better fit into their environments. 
C)  any trait that confers even a small increase in the probability that its possessor will survive and reproduce will be strongly favored and will spread through the population. 
D)  genes change in order to help organisms cope with problems encountered within their environments. 
E)  extinction is nature's way of weeding out undeserving organisms. 
A)  the biological structures most likely to be inherited are those that have become best suited to the environment through constant use. 
B)  all mutations that occur are those that will help future generations better fit into their environments. 
C)  any trait that confers even a small increase in the probability that its possessor will survive and reproduce will be strongly favored and will spread through the population. 
D)  genes change in order to help organisms cope with problems encountered within their environments. 
E)  extinction is nature's way of weeding out undeserving organisms. C

Question 4

Scientists interested in human biology typically perform experiments with other model systems. Why do scientists use model systems in this way?

Accepted Answer

Model systems are useful in the study of

Question 5

From the diagram below it can be determined that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are three groups of Eukarya. 
B)  protists and bacteria have no common ancestor. 
C)  plants and fungi have a more recent common ancestor than plants and animals do. 
D)  plants, fungi, and animals are descendants of different microbial eukaryotic ancestors. 
E)  Archaea is the evolutionarily ancient group. 
A)  there are three groups of Eukarya. 
B)  protists and bacteria have no common ancestor. 
C)  plants and fungi have a more recent common ancestor than plants and animals do. 
D)  plants, fungi, and animals are descendants of different microbial eukaryotic ancestors. 
E)  Archaea is the evolutionarily ancient group.

Question 6

When applying biology to public policy,

Accepted Answer

A)  the recommendations of scientists are always followed. 
B)  the economic issues of a policy are not considered. 
C)  several countries may be involved. 
D)  there are no ethical issues involved. 
E)  the correct course of action is always evident. 
A)  the recommendations of scientists are always followed. 
B)  the economic issues of a policy are not considered. 
C)  several countries may be involved. 
D)  there are no ethical issues involved. 
E)  the correct course of action is always evident.

Question 7

A cell

Accepted Answer

A)  can be composed of many types of tissues. 
B)  is found only in plants and animals. 
C)  is the smallest entity studied by biologists. 
D)  may be a distinct entity or a building block of a more complex organism. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  can be composed of many types of tissues. 
B)  is found only in plants and animals. 
C)  is the smallest entity studied by biologists. 
D)  may be a distinct entity or a building block of a more complex organism. 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

A seed of a plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  alive. 
B)  unicellular. 
C)  sensitive to dryness. 
D)  devoid of nucleic acids. 
E)  always extracting energy from its environment. 
A)  alive. 
B)  unicellular. 
C)  sensitive to dryness. 
D)  devoid of nucleic acids. 
E)  always extracting energy from its environment.

Question 9

Oceans were a good environment for early organisms because they

Accepted Answer

A)  contained ozone. 
B)  shielded organisms from visible light. 
C)  obviated the need for a cell membrane. 
D)  shielded organisms from ultraviolet light. 
E)  were rich in oxygen. 
A)  contained ozone. 
B)  shielded organisms from visible light. 
C)  obviated the need for a cell membrane. 
D)  shielded organisms from ultraviolet light. 
E)  were rich in oxygen.

Question 10

Scientific investigations are based above all on the processes of _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

observatio

Question 11

Plants, fungi, and animals have evolved from

Accepted Answer

A)  protists. 
B)  endosymbiotic bacteria. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  inorganic molecules. 
A)  protists. 
B)  endosymbiotic bacteria. 
C)  Archaea. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  inorganic molecules.

Question 12

All living organisms acquire _______ from their environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  nutrients 
C)  sunlight 
D)  heterotrophic nutrition 
E)  autotrophic nutrition 
A)  food 
B)  nutrients 
C)  sunlight 
D)  heterotrophic nutrition 
E)  autotrophic nutrition

Question 13

Darwin noted that all populations have _______ potential to grow, but that in nature most populations _______ over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  limited; are stable 
B)  unlimited; grow slowly 
C)  limited; fluctuate unpredictably 
D)  unlimited; are stable 
E)  limited; decrease slowly 
A)  limited; are stable 
B)  unlimited; grow slowly 
C)  limited; fluctuate unpredictably 
D)  unlimited; are stable 
E)  limited; decrease slowly

Question 14

The study of biology is

Accepted Answer

A)  remotely related to medicine. 
B)  important to the understanding of the effects of human activity on the environment. 
C)  of very little interest to the public. 
D)  of little relevance to agriculture.. 
E)  not important to policy makers. 
A)  remotely related to medicine. 
B)  important to the understanding of the effects of human activity on the environment. 
C)  of very little interest to the public. 
D)  of little relevance to agriculture.. 
E)  not important to policy makers.

Question 15

Life arose on Earth approximately _______ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  4 billion 
B)  4 million 
C)  4,000 
D)  1.5 billion 
E)  400,000 
A)  4 billion 
B)  4 million 
C)  4,000 
D)  1.5 billion 
E)  400,000

Question 16

The basic structural and physiological unit of all living organisms is the

Accepted Answer

A)  aggregate. 
B)  organelle. 
C)  organism. 
D)  membrane. 
E)  cell. 
A)  aggregate. 
B)  organelle. 
C)  organism. 
D)  membrane. 
E)  cell.

Question 17

Most living organisms consist of one or more _______, have changed or _______ over time, and can regulate their _______ environment.

Accepted Answer

cells; evo

Question 18

In terms of increasing complexity, the order of parts of a multicellular animal is

Accepted Answer

A)  cell, macromolecule, tissue, organ, organ system. 
B)  molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system. 
C)  tissue, cell, molecule, organ system, organ. 
D)  molecule, tissue, cell, organ, organ system. 
E)  tissue, molecule, cell, organ, organ system. 
A)  cell, macromolecule, tissue, organ, organ system. 
B)  molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system. 
C)  tissue, cell, molecule, organ system, organ. 
D)  molecule, tissue, cell, organ, organ system. 
E)  tissue, molecule, cell, organ, organ system.

Question 19

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that they have

Accepted Answer

A)  genes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  organelles. 
D)  membranes. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  genes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  organelles. 
D)  membranes. 
E)  All of the above

Question 20

Photosynthesis was a major evolutionary milestone because

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthetic organisms contributed oxygen to the environment, which led to the evolution of aerobic organisms. 
B)  photosynthesis led to conditions that allowed life to arise on land. 
C)  photosynthesis is the only metabolic process that can convert light energy to chemical energy. 
D)  photosynthesis provides food for other organisms. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  photosynthetic organisms contributed oxygen to the environment, which led to the evolution of aerobic organisms. 
B)  photosynthesis led to conditions that allowed life to arise on land. 
C)  photosynthesis is the only metabolic process that can convert light energy to chemical energy. 
D)  photosynthesis provides food for other organisms. 
E)  All of the above

Exam 1: Studying Life

In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack discrete _______ compartments.

A phylogenetic tree

A key point in Darwin's explanation of evolution is that

Scientists interested in human biology typically perform experiments with other model systems. Why do scientists use model systems in this way?

From the diagram below it can be determined that

When applying biology to public policy,

A cell

A seed of a plant is

Oceans were a good environment for early organisms because they

Scientific investigations are based above all on the processes of _______ and _______.

Plants, fungi, and animals have evolved from

All living organisms acquire _______ from their environment.

Darwin noted that all populations have _______ potential to grow, but that in nature most populations _______ over time.

The study of biology is

Life arose on Earth approximately _______ years ago.

The basic structural and physiological unit of all living organisms is the

Most living organisms consist of one or more _______, have changed or _______ over time, and can regulate their _______ environment.

In terms of increasing complexity, the order of parts of a multicellular animal is

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that they have

Photosynthesis was a major evolutionary milestone because

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

Animal Behavior

Ecology and the Distribution of Life

Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Conservation Biology

Filters

Scientific investigations are based above all on the processes of _ and _.

Darwin noted that all populations have _ potential to grow, but that in nature most populations _ over time.

Most living organisms consist of one or more ___, have changed or _ over time, and can regulate their _____ environment.