Question 1

Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor employed, fermentation always produces

Accepted Answer

A)  AMP. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  Pi. 
D)  NAD+. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  AMP. 
B)  DNA. 
C)  Pi. 
D)  NAD+. 
E)  None of the above

Question 2

The passing of electrons through a series of protein molecules is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

electron t

Question 3

Glycolysis yields two molecules of pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH + H+, regardless of whether oxygen is present or not. What are the fates of these molecules in the absence of oxygen? What would happen if NADH + H+ was not recycled?

Accepted Answer

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is ei

Question 4

Which process converts glucose to pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP but no carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvate oxidation 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  The citric acid cycle 
D)  Respiratory chain 
E)  Gluconeogenesis 
A)  Pyruvate oxidation 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  The citric acid cycle 
D)  Respiratory chain 
E)  Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

The formation of glucose from glycolytic and citric acid intermediates is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formation of glucose from glycolytic and...

Question 6

Which of the following processes occurs when oxygen is unavailable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyruvate oxidation 
B)  The citric acid cycle 
C)  Fermentation 
D)  An electron transport chain 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Pyruvate oxidation 
B)  The citric acid cycle 
C)  Fermentation 
D)  An electron transport chain 
E)  All of the above

Question 7

Why is oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the terminal electron acc

Question 8

Cyanide inhibits the enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain that reduces O2 to water. Suppose that you add cyanide to a suspension of muscle cells from a rat. Which statement given below is the most accurate with respect to the effects of cyanide on glucose catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be inhibited. 
B)  The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Ethanol accumulates. 
C)  The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be stimulated. 
D)  The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Lactic acid accumulates. 
E)  The citric acid cycle would not be inhibited, but glycolysis would. 
A)  The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be inhibited. 
B)  The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Ethanol accumulates. 
C)  The citric acid cycle and glycolysis would be stimulated. 
D)  The citric acid cycle would be inhibited, but glycolysis would not. Lactic acid accumulates. 
E)  The citric acid cycle would not be inhibited, but glycolysis would.

Question 9

During which process is most ATP generated in the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The citric acid cycle 
C)  Electron transport coupled with chemiosmosis 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Pyruvate oxidation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The citric acid cycle 
C)  Electron transport coupled with chemiosmosis 
D)  Fermentation 
E)  Pyruvate oxidation

Question 10

Identify the controlling steps of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. Which regulators affect each of these steps?

Accepted Answer

This control point for glycolysis is pho

Question 11

In steps 6 through 10 of glycolysis, the conversion of 1 mole of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to pyruvate yields 2 moles of ATP. But the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate produces a total of 4 moles of ATP. Where do the remaining 2 moles of ATP come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  One mole of glucose yields 2 moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
B)  Two moles of ATP are used during the conversion of glucose to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
C)  Glycolysis produces 2 moles of NADH. 
D)  Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of ATP. 
E)  Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of NAD+. 
A)  One mole of glucose yields 2 moles of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
B)  Two moles of ATP are used during the conversion of glucose to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
C)  Glycolysis produces 2 moles of NADH. 
D)  Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of ATP. 
E)  Fermentation of pyruvate to lactic acid yields 2 moles of NAD+.

Question 12

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and is therefore termed _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen...

Question 13

In a redox reaction, the reactant that becomes oxidized is called a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a redox reaction, the reactant that...

Question 14

Fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  results in the formation of lactic acid or ethanol. 
B)  completely oxidizes glucose to CO2 and H2O. 
C)  is not coupled to ATP synthesis. 
D)  occurs under aerobic conditions in yeasts. 
E)  is endergonic. 
A)  results in the formation of lactic acid or ethanol. 
B)  completely oxidizes glucose to CO2 and H2O. 
C)  is not coupled to ATP synthesis. 
D)  occurs under aerobic conditions in yeasts. 
E)  is endergonic.

Question 15

Fermentation

Accepted Answer

A)  takes place in the mitochondrion. 
B)  takes place in all animal cells. 
C)  does not require O2. 
D)  requires lactic acid. 
E)  prevents glycolysis. 
A)  takes place in the mitochondrion. 
B)  takes place in all animal cells. 
C)  does not require O2. 
D)  requires lactic acid. 
E)  prevents glycolysis.

Question 16

When yeast cells are switched from aerobic to anaerobic growth conditions, the rate of glycolysis increases. The rate of glycolysis is regulated by the concentration of _______ in the cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  FAD 
E)  protein 
A)  ATP 
B)  acetyl CoA 
C)  oxaloacetate 
D)  FAD 
E)  protein

Question 17

For the citric acid cycle to proceed, it is necessary for

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate to bind to oxaloacetate. 
B)  carbon dioxide to bind to oxaloacetate. 
C)  an acetyl group to bind to oxaloacetate. 
D)  water to be oxidized. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  pyruvate to bind to oxaloacetate. 
B)  carbon dioxide to bind to oxaloacetate. 
C)  an acetyl group to bind to oxaloacetate. 
D)  water to be oxidized. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate to a protein. 
B)  phosphate to a substrate. 
C)  phosphate to an ADP. 
D)  ATP to a protein. 
E)  phosphate from ATP to a substrate. 
A)  phosphate to a protein. 
B)  phosphate to a substrate. 
C)  phosphate to an ADP. 
D)  ATP to a protein. 
E)  phosphate from ATP to a substrate.

Question 19

Due to its ability to carry electrons and free energy, _______ is the most common electron carrier in cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Due to its ability to carry electrons...

Question 20

The largest change in free energy during glycolysis occurs at which reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction 2: G6P $\to$  F6P 
B)  Reaction 5: DAP $\to$  G3P 
C)  Reaction 6: G3P $\to$  BPG + NADH 
D)  Reaction 7: BPG $\to$  3PG + ATP 
E)  Reaction 8: 3PG $\to$  2PG 
A)  Reaction 2: G6P $\to$  F6P 
B)  Reaction 5: DAP $\to$  G3P 
C)  Reaction 6: G3P $\to$  BPG + NADH 
D)  Reaction 7: BPG $\to$  3PG + ATP 
E)  Reaction 8: 3PG $\to$  2PG

Exam 9: Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor employed, fermentation always produces

The passing of electrons through a series of protein molecules is called the _______.

Glycolysis yields two molecules of pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH + H+, regardless of whether oxygen is present or not. What are the fates of these molecules in the absence of oxygen? What would happen if NADH + H+ was not recycled?

Which process converts glucose to pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP but no carbon dioxide?

The formation of glucose from glycolytic and citric acid intermediates is called _______.

Which of the following processes occurs when oxygen is unavailable?

Why is oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration?

Cyanide inhibits the enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain that reduces O2 to water. Suppose that you add cyanide to a suspension of muscle cells from a rat. Which statement given below is the most accurate with respect to the effects of cyanide on glucose catabolism?

During which process is most ATP generated in the cell?

Identify the controlling steps of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. Which regulators affect each of these steps?

In steps 6 through 10 of glycolysis, the conversion of 1 mole of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to pyruvate yields 2 moles of ATP. But the oxidation of glucose to pyruvate produces a total of 4 moles of ATP. Where do the remaining 2 moles of ATP come from?

Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and is therefore termed _______.

In a redox reaction, the reactant that becomes oxidized is called a(n) _______.

Fermentation

Fermentation

When yeast cells are switched from aerobic to anaerobic growth conditions, the rate of glycolysis increases. The rate of glycolysis is regulated by the concentration of _______ in the cells.

For the citric acid cycle to proceed, it is necessary for

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a(n)

Due to its ability to carry electrons and free energy, _______ is the most common electron carrier in cells.

The largest change in free energy during glycolysis occurs at which reaction?

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Glycolysis yields two molecules of pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH + H⁺, regardless of whether oxygen is present or not. What are the fates of these molecules in the absence of oxygen? What would happen if NADH + H⁺ was not recycled?

Cyanide inhibits the enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain that reduces O₂ to water. Suppose that you add cyanide to a suspension of muscle cells from a rat. Which statement given below is the most accurate with respect to the effects of cyanide on glucose catabolism?