Question 1

What events must take place to ensure that the protein made is the one specified by mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA must read mRNA correctly. 
B)  tRNA must carry the amino acid that is correct for its reading of the mRNA. 
C)  Covalent bonding between the base pairs must occur. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above 
A)  tRNA must read mRNA correctly. 
B)  tRNA must carry the amino acid that is correct for its reading of the mRNA. 
C)  Covalent bonding between the base pairs must occur. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

Refer to the diagram below showing the process of gene expression in prokaryotes. The molecule responsible for carrying and delivering amino acids in the proper sequence is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  tRNA. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  DNA and mRNA. 
A)  rRNA. 
B)  mRNA. 
C)  tRNA. 
D)  DNA. 
E)  DNA and mRNA.

Question 3

The regions of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that contain noncoding base sequences are called

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancers. 
B)  mRNAs. 
C)  hnRNAs. 
D)  introns. 
E)  leader sequences. 
A)  enhancers. 
B)  mRNAs. 
C)  hnRNAs. 
D)  introns. 
E)  leader sequences.

Question 4

Consensus sequences (short segments of DNA) appear in the boundaries between introns and exons of various genes. These sequences appear to be involved in

Accepted Answer

A)  directing the polymerases to the appropriate place on the DNA for transcription to begin. 
B)  the splicing of introns out of the DNA. 
C)  allowing the transcription to stop at the appropriate spot. 
D)  catalyzing the synthesis of a protein. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  directing the polymerases to the appropriate place on the DNA for transcription to begin. 
B)  the splicing of introns out of the DNA. 
C)  allowing the transcription to stop at the appropriate spot. 
D)  catalyzing the synthesis of a protein. 
E)  None of the above

Question 5

If the DNA encoding a nuclear signal sequence were placed in the gene for a cytoplasmic protein, the protein would

Accepted Answer

A)  be modified in the Golgi. 
B)  be directed to the lysosomes. 
C)  be directed to the nucleus. 
D)  be directed to the cytoplasm. 
E)  stay in the endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  be modified in the Golgi. 
B)  be directed to the lysosomes. 
C)  be directed to the nucleus. 
D)  be directed to the cytoplasm. 
E)  stay in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 6

Transcription is the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. 
B)  assembling ribonucleoside triphosphates into an RNA molecule without a template. 
C)  synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. 
D)  synthesizing a protein using information from a messenger RNA. 
E)  replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule. 
A)  synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template. 
B)  assembling ribonucleoside triphosphates into an RNA molecule without a template. 
C)  synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template. 
D)  synthesizing a protein using information from a messenger RNA. 
E)  replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.

Question 7

DNA is composed of two strands, only one of which typically is used as a template for RNA synthesis. By what mechanism is the correct strand chosen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both strands are tried, and the one that works is remembered. 
B)  Only one strand has the start codon. 
C)  The promoter acts to aim the RNA polymerase. 
D)  A start factor informs the system. 
E)  It is chosen randomly. 
A)  Both strands are tried, and the one that works is remembered. 
B)  Only one strand has the start codon. 
C)  The promoter acts to aim the RNA polymerase. 
D)  A start factor informs the system. 
E)  It is chosen randomly.

Question 8

The classic work of Beadle and Tatum, later refined by others, provided evidence for the

Accepted Answer

A)  one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. 
B)  one-gene, one-polypeptide hypothesis. 
C)  mechanism by which information in genes is translated into traits. 
D)  effects of some mutations on organisms. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis. 
B)  one-gene, one-polypeptide hypothesis. 
C)  mechanism by which information in genes is translated into traits. 
D)  effects of some mutations on organisms. 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

There are differences in the amount of transcription that takes place for different genes. One reason for these differences is that

Accepted Answer

A)  some promoters are more effective at transcription initiation. 
B)  longer genes take longer to transcribe. 
C)  the outcome is influenced by random chance. 
D)  ribosomes tend to attach to transcripts even before transcription is completed. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  some promoters are more effective at transcription initiation. 
B)  longer genes take longer to transcribe. 
C)  the outcome is influenced by random chance. 
D)  ribosomes tend to attach to transcripts even before transcription is completed. 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

The conformation of tRNA is maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds. 
B)  hydrogen bonds. 
C)  disulfide bridges. 
D)  phosphodiester bonds. 
E)  glycosidic linkages. 
A)  peptide bonds. 
B)  hydrogen bonds. 
C)  disulfide bridges. 
D)  phosphodiester bonds. 
E)  glycosidic linkages.

Question 11

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

Accepted Answer

A)  a signal sequence on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  a signal sequence on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  a signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome. 
D)  a signal sequence on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the messenger RNA passes through a pore in the membrane. 
A)  a signal sequence on the mRNA interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
B)  a signal sequence on the ribosome interacts with a receptor protein on the membrane. 
C)  a signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein being synthesized interacts with a receptor protein on the ribosome. 
D)  a signal sequence on the protein being synthesized interacts with a signal recognition particle and both bind to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  the messenger RNA passes through a pore in the membrane.

Question 12

A noncoding base sequence found in eukaryotic cells is called a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A noncoding base sequence found in eukaryotic...

Question 13

The link between mRNA and a protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  tRNA. 
B)  a promoter. 
C)  RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA polymerase. 
E)  a start codon. 
A)  tRNA. 
B)  a promoter. 
C)  RNA polymerase. 
D)  DNA polymerase. 
E)  a start codon.

Question 14

The major phenotypic expression of genotype is in

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  mRNA. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  rRNA. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  tRNA. 
C)  mRNA. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
E)  rRNA.

Question 15

The part of a protein that determines whether translation will continue in the cytosol or at the endoplasmic reticulum is the _______ sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of a protein that determines...

Question 16

The three codons in the genetic code that do not specify amino acids are called

Accepted Answer

A)  missense codons. 
B)  start codons. 
C)  stop codons. 
D)  promoters. 
E)  initiator codons. 
A)  missense codons. 
B)  start codons. 
C)  stop codons. 
D)  promoters. 
E)  initiator codons.

Question 17

After irradiating Neurospora, Beadle and Tatum collected mutants that would

Accepted Answer

A)  not grow on a minimal medium but would grow on a minimal medium with arginine. 
B)  grow on any minimal medium. 
C)  not grow on any minimal medium. 
D)  grow on a minimal medium but would not grow on a minimal medium with arginine. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  not grow on a minimal medium but would grow on a minimal medium with arginine. 
B)  grow on any minimal medium. 
C)  not grow on any minimal medium. 
D)  grow on a minimal medium but would not grow on a minimal medium with arginine. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

The process of transcription requires

Accepted Answer

A)  a temporary stopping of DNA replication. 
B)  a temporary separation of the strands in the DNA template. 
C)  destruction of one of the strands of the DNA template. 
D)  relaxation of positive supercoils in the DNA template. 
E)  induction of positive supercoils in the DNA template. 
A)  a temporary stopping of DNA replication. 
B)  a temporary separation of the strands in the DNA template. 
C)  destruction of one of the strands of the DNA template. 
D)  relaxation of positive supercoils in the DNA template. 
E)  induction of positive supercoils in the DNA template.

Question 19

The region of DNA in prokaryotes to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  poly C center. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  operator site. 
E)  minor groove. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  poly C center. 
C)  enhancer. 
D)  operator site. 
E)  minor groove.

Question 20

Suppose that two auxotrophic mutants that had been isolated are able to grow when fed the same biochemical intermediate. According to the experiments of Beadle and Tatum, the mutations in each of these auxotrophs should be in the same gene, because they were blocked at the same step in a biochemical pathway. Yet, these two auxotrophs had mutations that mapped in different genes. How do you explain this?

Accepted Answer

These two genes must encode di

Exam 14: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

What events must take place to ensure that the protein made is the one specified by mRNA?

Refer to the diagram below showing the process of gene expression in prokaryotes. The molecule responsible for carrying and delivering amino acids in the proper sequence is/are

The regions of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that contain noncoding base sequences are called

Consensus sequences (short segments of DNA) appear in the boundaries between introns and exons of various genes. These sequences appear to be involved in

If the DNA encoding a nuclear signal sequence were placed in the gene for a cytoplasmic protein, the protein would

Transcription is the process of

DNA is composed of two strands, only one of which typically is used as a template for RNA synthesis. By what mechanism is the correct strand chosen?

The classic work of Beadle and Tatum, later refined by others, provided evidence for the

There are differences in the amount of transcription that takes place for different genes. One reason for these differences is that

The conformation of tRNA is maintained by

In eukaryotes, ribosomes become associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes when

A noncoding base sequence found in eukaryotic cells is called a(n) _______.

The link between mRNA and a protein is

The major phenotypic expression of genotype is in

The part of a protein that determines whether translation will continue in the cytosol or at the endoplasmic reticulum is the _______ sequence.

The three codons in the genetic code that do not specify amino acids are called

After irradiating Neurospora, Beadle and Tatum collected mutants that would

The process of transcription requires

The region of DNA in prokaryotes to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

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