Question 1

The innermost layer of the digestive tract is the

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneum. 
B)  mucosa membrane. 
C)  submucosa membrane. 
D)  lumen. 
E)  circular muscle. 
A)  peritoneum. 
B)  mucosa membrane. 
C)  submucosa membrane. 
D)  lumen. 
E)  circular muscle.

Question 2

Which of the following is stimulated by cholecystokinin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach motility 
B)  Release of bile 
C)  Secretion of hydrochloric acid 
D)  Secretion of bicarbonate ions 
E)  Secretion of mucus 
A)  Stomach motility 
B)  Release of bile 
C)  Secretion of hydrochloric acid 
D)  Secretion of bicarbonate ions 
E)  Secretion of mucus

Question 3

Which of the following teeth are less prominent in animals with a diet consisting mainly of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incisors 
B)  Canines 
C)  Premolars 
D)  Molars 
E)  Cheek teeth 
A)  Incisors 
B)  Canines 
C)  Premolars 
D)  Molars 
E)  Cheek teeth

Question 4

Primates should eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy, which is due to a deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  ascorbic acid. 
E)  biotin. 
A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  calciferol. 
D)  ascorbic acid. 
E)  biotin.

Question 5

Which of the following proteases is produced by the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dipeptidase 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Carboxypeptidase 
E)  Pepsin 
A)  Dipeptidase 
B)  Chymotrypsin 
C)  Trypsin 
D)  Carboxypeptidase 
E)  Pepsin

Question 6

Which of the following is not caused by the HCl secreted in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the principal zymogen of the stomach 
B)  Proper pH for the digestive enzyme of the stomach 
C)  Breakdown of ingested tissues 
D)  Formation of chylomicrons 
E)  Death of ingested bacteria 
A)  Activation of the principal zymogen of the stomach 
B)  Proper pH for the digestive enzyme of the stomach 
C)  Breakdown of ingested tissues 
D)  Formation of chylomicrons 
E)  Death of ingested bacteria

Question 7

Which of the following structures is not encountered by a food bolus as it is swallowed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiglottis 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Soft palate 
D)  Pharynx 
E)  Esophagus 
A)  Epiglottis 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Soft palate 
D)  Pharynx 
E)  Esophagus

Question 8

Polysaccharides are digested into _______ (such as glucose), which are absorbed by the _______ and released into the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides; large intestine; lymph 
B)  monosaccharides; large intestine; blood 
C)  disaccharides; large intestine; blood 
D)  monosaccharides; small intestine; blood 
E)  disaccharides; small intestine; lymph 
A)  monosaccharides; large intestine; lymph 
B)  monosaccharides; large intestine; blood 
C)  disaccharides; large intestine; blood 
D)  monosaccharides; small intestine; blood 
E)  disaccharides; small intestine; lymph

Question 9

An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive tract is that it has its own intrinsic _______ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive...

Question 10

Because fat is lower in density than protein, _______ have more protein in them than fats.

Accepted Answer

A)  very low-density lipoproteins 
B)  high-density lipoproteins. 
C)  low-density lipoproteins. 
D)  glycogens. 
E)  blood plasma zymogens. 
A)  very low-density lipoproteins 
B)  high-density lipoproteins. 
C)  low-density lipoproteins. 
D)  glycogens. 
E)  blood plasma zymogens.

Question 11

High glucose in the blood stream would trigger _______ to be produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon 
B)  fructose 
C)  VLDLs 
D)  HDLs 
E)  insulin 
A)  glucagon 
B)  fructose 
C)  VLDLs 
D)  HDLs 
E)  insulin

Question 12

Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose fall. 
B)  glucagon fall. 
C)  glucose rise. 
D)  glucagon rise. 
E)  secretin fall. 
A)  glucose fall. 
B)  glucagon fall. 
C)  glucose rise. 
D)  glucagon rise. 
E)  secretin fall.

Question 13

The nutritional disease kwashiorkor results from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  vitamin deficiency. 
C)  calorie deficiency. 
D)  overdose of fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  overdose of thyroxine. 
A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  vitamin deficiency. 
C)  calorie deficiency. 
D)  overdose of fat-soluble vitamins. 
E)  overdose of thyroxine.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about movement of food in the gut is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Three sphincters are found in the vertebrate gut. 
B)  Peristalsis can move food in both directions. 
C)  Stretched smooth muscle contracts. 
D)  Peristalsis begins when food enters the glottis. 
E)  The muscle in a sphincter is normally contracted. 
A)  Three sphincters are found in the vertebrate gut. 
B)  Peristalsis can move food in both directions. 
C)  Stretched smooth muscle contracts. 
D)  Peristalsis begins when food enters the glottis. 
E)  The muscle in a sphincter is normally contracted.

Question 15

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are essential inorganic nutrients. 
B)  They are required in larger amounts than are essential amino acids. 
C)  Many serve as coenzymes. 
D)  Vitamin D can be acquired only by eating meat or dairy foods. 
E)  When vitamin C is eaten in large quantities, the excess is stored in fat for later use. 
A)  They are essential inorganic nutrients. 
B)  They are required in larger amounts than are essential amino acids. 
C)  Many serve as coenzymes. 
D)  Vitamin D can be acquired only by eating meat or dairy foods. 
E)  When vitamin C is eaten in large quantities, the excess is stored in fat for later use.

Question 16

The nutritional deficiency disease simple goiter is caused by inadequate supply of the micronutrient

Accepted Answer

A)  fluoride. 
B)  iodine. 
C)  chromium. 
D)  zinc. 
E)  copper. 
A)  fluoride. 
B)  iodine. 
C)  chromium. 
D)  zinc. 
E)  copper.

Question 17

Animals may be any of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  saprotrophs. 
B)  autotrophs. 
C)  filter feeders. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  carnivores. 
A)  saprotrophs. 
B)  autotrophs. 
C)  filter feeders. 
D)  herbivores. 
E)  carnivores.

Question 18

Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzing lipids. 
B)  activating hydrolytic enzymes. 
C)  aggregating droplets of lipids. 
D)  emulsifying lipids. 
E)  making lipids water soluble. 
A)  hydrolyzing lipids. 
B)  activating hydrolytic enzymes. 
C)  aggregating droplets of lipids. 
D)  emulsifying lipids. 
E)  making lipids water soluble.

Question 19

What is the function of enterokinase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It converts pepsinogen to pepsin. 
B)  It converts trypsinogen to trypsin. 
C)  It digests proteins. 
D)  It activates HCl. 
E)  It prompts opening of the lower esophageal sphincter. 
A)  It converts pepsinogen to pepsin. 
B)  It converts trypsinogen to trypsin. 
C)  It digests proteins. 
D)  It activates HCl. 
E)  It prompts opening of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about digestion in the small intestine is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most digestion occurs in the duodenum of the small intestine. 
B)  Fat in the small intestine is emulsified by bile that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. 
C)  Bile molecules in the small intestine have one end that is lipophobic and one end that is hydrophilic. 
D)  The pancreas secretes zymogens and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum of the small intestine. 
E)  Enterokinase is secreted by intestinal mucosal cells. 
A)  Most digestion occurs in the duodenum of the small intestine. 
B)  Fat in the small intestine is emulsified by bile that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. 
C)  Bile molecules in the small intestine have one end that is lipophobic and one end that is hydrophilic. 
D)  The pancreas secretes zymogens and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum of the small intestine. 
E)  Enterokinase is secreted by intestinal mucosal cells.

Exam 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

The innermost layer of the digestive tract is the

Which of the following is stimulated by cholecystokinin?

Which of the following teeth are less prominent in animals with a diet consisting mainly of plants?

Primates should eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy, which is due to a deficiency of

Which of the following proteases is produced by the small intestine?

Which of the following is not caused by the HCl secreted in the stomach?

Which of the following structures is not encountered by a food bolus as it is swallowed?

Polysaccharides are digested into _______ (such as glucose), which are absorbed by the _______ and released into the _______.

An unusual feature of the vertebrate digestive tract is that it has its own intrinsic _______ system.

Because fat is lower in density than protein, _______ have more protein in them than fats.

High glucose in the blood stream would trigger _______ to be produced.

Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood levels of

The nutritional disease kwashiorkor results from a(n)

Which of the following statements about movement of food in the gut is false?

Which statement about vitamins is true?

The nutritional deficiency disease simple goiter is caused by inadequate supply of the micronutrient

Animals may be any of the following except

Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by

What is the function of enterokinase?

Which of the following statements about digestion in the small intestine is false?

Studying Life

Small Molecules and the Chemistry of Life

Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes

Cell Signaling and Communication

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism

Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Energy From Sunlight

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

Dna and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Gene Mutation and Molecular Medicine

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Recombinent Dna and Biotechnology

Differential Gene Expression in Development

Development and Evolutionary Change

Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Species and Their Formation

Evolution of Genes and Genomes

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria and Archaea: the Prokaryotic Domains

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

Plants Without Seeds: From Water to Land

The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi: Recyclers, Pathogens, Parasites, and Plant Partners

Animal Origins and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Regulation of Plant Growth

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Environmental Challenges

Physiology, Homeostasis, and Temperature Regulation

Animal Hormones

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons and Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and Higher Function

Musculoskeletal Systems

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulatory Systems

Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

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Population Ecology

Species Interaction and Coevolution

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Filters

Polysaccharides are digested into ___ (such as glucose), which are absorbed by the _ and released into the _____.