Question 1

Natural selection

Accepted Answer

A)  directly favors the development of prezygotic barriers. 
B)  favors postzygotic barrier development. 
C)  can indirectly favor postzygotic barrier development. 
D)  can indirectly favor prezygotic barrier development through reinforcement. 
E)  has no effect on barriers to reproduction. 
A)  directly favors the development of prezygotic barriers. 
B)  favors postzygotic barrier development. 
C)  can indirectly favor postzygotic barrier development. 
D)  can indirectly favor prezygotic barrier development through reinforcement. 
E)  has no effect on barriers to reproduction.

Question 2

A biologist classifies two beetles as belonging to the same species because they look more similar to each other than they do to other beetles. This biologist is employing the _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A biologist classifies two beetles as belonging...

Question 3

The fire-bellied toad and the closely related yellow-bellied toad meet in a long, narrow _______ zone that extends for almost 5,000 kilometers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fire-bellied toad and the closely related...

Question 4

Which of the following is not a condition expected to favor allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continents drift apart and separate previously connected lineages. 
B)  A mountain range separates formerly connected populations. 
C)  Different environments on two sides of a barrier cause populations to diverge. 
D)  The range of a species is separated by loss of intermediate habitat. 
E)  Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species. 
A)  Continents drift apart and separate previously connected lineages. 
B)  A mountain range separates formerly connected populations. 
C)  Different environments on two sides of a barrier cause populations to diverge. 
D)  The range of a species is separated by loss of intermediate habitat. 
E)  Tetraploid individuals arise in one part of the range of a species.

Question 5

Geographical speciation is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  Darwinian speciation. 
D)  the biological species concept. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  Darwinian speciation. 
D)  the biological species concept. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 6

Animals with complex mate selection behaviors

Accepted Answer

A)  form new species more slowly than animals that do not display such behaviors. 
B)  form new species more quickly than animals that do not display such behaviors. 
C)  are usually sexually dimorphic. 
D)  discriminate poorly among members of their own species during mating. 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  form new species more slowly than animals that do not display such behaviors. 
B)  form new species more quickly than animals that do not display such behaviors. 
C)  are usually sexually dimorphic. 
D)  discriminate poorly among members of their own species during mating. 
E)  Both b and c

Question 7

The diagram below shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation. The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness. Which of the following genotypes have reduced fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  aabb 
B)  AAbb 
C)  AaBb 
D)  aaBB 
E)  None of the above 
A)  aabb 
B)  AAbb 
C)  AaBb 
D)  aaBB 
E)  None of the above

Question 8

Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis are two species of flies that live in the western United States. The geographic range of D. persimilis, which is much smaller than that of D. pseudoobscura, is enclosed within the range of D. pseudoobscura. Findings by Mohamed Noor and others show that D. pseudoobscura taken from areas that overlap with D. persimilis are less likely to mate with D. persimilis than are the D. pseudoobscura flies from populations that do not experience D. persimilis. What is the most likely explanation for these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  The Dobzhansky-Muller model 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  The Darwin effect 
E)  Adaptive radiation 
A)  Temporal isolation 
B)  The Dobzhansky-Muller model 
C)  Reinforcement 
D)  The Darwin effect 
E)  Adaptive radiation

Question 9

Which of the following statements about Rhagoletis pomonella is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larvae learn the odor of the fruit in which they grew up, and they locate such plants for mating and laying their eggs. 
B)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding types of Rhagoletis can be considered incipient species because they show partial polyploidy. 
C)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding types of Rhagoletis emerge at approximately the same time. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Larvae learn the odor of the fruit in which they grew up, and they locate such plants for mating and laying their eggs. 
B)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding types of Rhagoletis can be considered incipient species because they show partial polyploidy. 
C)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding types of Rhagoletis emerge at approximately the same time. 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

Speciation by polyploidy occurs far more often in plants than in animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  plants are more likely to be capable of self-fertilization than animals. 
B)  plant cells can tolerate extra sets of chromosomes, whereas animal cells cannot. 
C)  plants as a rule have higher reproductive rates than animals. 
D)  many plants are specialized with respect to their pollinating agent. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  plants are more likely to be capable of self-fertilization than animals. 
B)  plant cells can tolerate extra sets of chromosomes, whereas animal cells cannot. 
C)  plants as a rule have higher reproductive rates than animals. 
D)  many plants are specialized with respect to their pollinating agent. 
E)  All of the above

Question 11

Speciation rates in flowering plants are

Accepted Answer

A)  faster in wind-pollinated plants than in those fertilized by insects. 
B)  independent of flower structure. 
C)  faster when the number of different pollinating insects is low. 
D)  always slow. 
E)  unaffected by reproductive isolation. 
A)  faster in wind-pollinated plants than in those fertilized by insects. 
B)  independent of flower structure. 
C)  faster when the number of different pollinating insects is low. 
D)  always slow. 
E)  unaffected by reproductive isolation.

Question 12

Discuss what is known about the evolutionary radiations on islands, based on studies of Hawaiian silverswords and tarweeds.

Accepted Answer

Studies of the silverswords of the Hawai

Question 13

Except in cases of polyploidy, sympatric speciation usually requires the action of _______ selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Except in cases of polyploidy, sympatric speciation...

Question 14

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive but are sterile. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  low hybrid adult viability. 
D)  postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  low hybrid adult viability. 
D)  postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following would not be considered an example of a prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  One bird species forages in the tops of trees for flying insects, whereas another forages on the ground for worms and grubs. 
B)  The males of one species of moth cannot detect and respond to the sex attractant chemicals produced by the females of another species. 
C)  Sperm of one species of sea urchin are unable to penetrate the egg plasma membrane of another species. 
D)  Mosquitoes of one species are active in foraging and searching for mates at dusk, whereas those of another species are active at dawn. 
E)  Flowers of one orchid species mimic female bees of species A, whereas flowers of another orchid species mimic female bees of species B. 
A)  One bird species forages in the tops of trees for flying insects, whereas another forages on the ground for worms and grubs. 
B)  The males of one species of moth cannot detect and respond to the sex attractant chemicals produced by the females of another species. 
C)  Sperm of one species of sea urchin are unable to penetrate the egg plasma membrane of another species. 
D)  Mosquitoes of one species are active in foraging and searching for mates at dusk, whereas those of another species are active at dawn. 
E)  Flowers of one orchid species mimic female bees of species A, whereas flowers of another orchid species mimic female bees of species B.

Question 16

The strengthening of prezygotic barriers between two incipient species by natural selection is known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The strengthening of prezygotic barriers between two...

Question 17

Natural selection would never directly favor the evolution of which of the following types of reproductive isolating barriers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mechanical isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Hybrid infertility 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Mechanical isolation 
B)  Gametic isolation 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Hybrid infertility 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

The content of most standard field guides reflects _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological 
B)  the lineage 
C)  Templeton's 
D)  the ecological 
E)  the morphological 
A)  the biological 
B)  the lineage 
C)  Templeton's 
D)  the ecological 
E)  the morphological

Question 19

Which of the following statements about speciation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A small founding population can be involved in speciation. 
B)  Speciation always involves interruption of gene flow between different groups of organisms. 
C)  The rate of speciation can vary for different groups of organisms. 
D)  Speciation always requires many generations. 
E)  Speciation may occur because certain genotypes within a population prefer distinct microhabitats where mating takes place. 
A)  A small founding population can be involved in speciation. 
B)  Speciation always involves interruption of gene flow between different groups of organisms. 
C)  The rate of speciation can vary for different groups of organisms. 
D)  Speciation always requires many generations. 
E)  Speciation may occur because certain genotypes within a population prefer distinct microhabitats where mating takes place.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about Cuatro Ciénegas is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Despite being a desert, it has many aquatic species. 
B)  It is home to species found nowhere else in the world. 
C)  It has always remained connected to the rest of northern Mexico. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c 
A)  Despite being a desert, it has many aquatic species. 
B)  It is home to species found nowhere else in the world. 
C)  It has always remained connected to the rest of northern Mexico. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both b and c

Exam 23: Species and Their Formation

Natural selection

A biologist classifies two beetles as belonging to the same species because they look more similar to each other than they do to other beetles. This biologist is employing the _______ species concept.

The fire-bellied toad and the closely related yellow-bellied toad meet in a long, narrow _______ zone that extends for almost 5,000 kilometers.

Which of the following is not a condition expected to favor allopatric speciation?

Geographical speciation is also known as

Animals with complex mate selection behaviors

The diagram below shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation. The F1 hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness. Which of the following genotypes have reduced fitness?

Which of the following statements about Rhagoletis pomonella is true?

Speciation by polyploidy occurs far more often in plants than in animals because

Speciation rates in flowering plants are

Discuss what is known about the evolutionary radiations on islands, based on studies of Hawaiian silverswords and tarweeds.

Except in cases of polyploidy, sympatric speciation usually requires the action of _______ selection.

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T. freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive but are sterile. This is an example of

Which of the following would not be considered an example of a prezygotic reproductive isolating mechanism?

The strengthening of prezygotic barriers between two incipient species by natural selection is known as _______.

Natural selection would never directly favor the evolution of which of the following types of reproductive isolating barriers?

The content of most standard field guides reflects _______ species concept.

Which of the following statements about speciation is false?

Which of the following statements about Cuatro Ciénegas is true?

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The diagram below shows the Dobzhansky-Muller model of the evolution of reproductive isolation. The F₁ hybrids between the species at the end of this process have reduced fitness. Which of the following genotypes have reduced fitness?