Question 1

The biological species concept does not apply to which of the following groups of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Birds 
B)  Mammals that form monogamous pair bonds 
C)  Asexual fungi. 
D)  Fungi that engage in sexual reproduction 
E)  Cryptic species 
A)  Birds 
B)  Mammals that form monogamous pair bonds 
C)  Asexual fungi. 
D)  Fungi that engage in sexual reproduction 
E)  Cryptic species

Question 2

When hybrid offspring are at a fitness disadvantage and reinforcement does not occur, which of the following is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The spreading of hybrids through both populations, resulting in the combining of both gene pools and no new species 
B)  An adaptive radiation 
C)  The formation of a new species via polyploidy 
D)  The formation of a hybrid zone 
E)  None of the above 
A)  The spreading of hybrids through both populations, resulting in the combining of both gene pools and no new species 
B)  An adaptive radiation 
C)  The formation of a new species via polyploidy 
D)  The formation of a hybrid zone 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

In allopatric speciation, which process is likely to be least important?

Accepted Answer

A)  A founder event 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Genetic drift 
E)  Both b and d 
A)  A founder event 
B)  Allopolyploidy 
C)  Behavioral isolation 
D)  Genetic drift 
E)  Both b and d

Question 4

Which of the following was required for sympatric speciation in species like the apple maggot fly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Stabilizing selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Allopatry 
E)  Polyploidy 
A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Stabilizing selection 
C)  Disruptive selection 
D)  Allopatry 
E)  Polyploidy

Question 5

Which of the following statements about polyploidy is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autopolyploids may be produced when individuals of two different but closely related species hybridize. 
B)  Botanists estimate that 95 percent of fern species are polyploids. 
C)  Autopolyploids are often fertile because each of the chromosomes has a nearly identical partner with which to pair during meiosis. 
D)  Polyploidy is more common in animals than in plants. 
E)  A tetrapoloid individual usually can produce viable offspring by mating with a diploid. 
A)  Autopolyploids may be produced when individuals of two different but closely related species hybridize. 
B)  Botanists estimate that 95 percent of fern species are polyploids. 
C)  Autopolyploids are often fertile because each of the chromosomes has a nearly identical partner with which to pair during meiosis. 
D)  Polyploidy is more common in animals than in plants. 
E)  A tetrapoloid individual usually can produce viable offspring by mating with a diploid.

Question 6

The proliferation of a large number of daughter species from a single ancestor is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  an evolutionary radiation. 
B)  an evolutionary explosion. 
C)  an adaptive explosion. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  Darwin's process. 
A)  an evolutionary radiation. 
B)  an evolutionary explosion. 
C)  an adaptive explosion. 
D)  reinforcement. 
E)  Darwin's process.

Question 7

Ernst Mayr's definition of biological species

Accepted Answer

A)  applies to all organisms. 
B)  does not take into account geographically isolated members of a species. 
C)  does not apply to organisms that reproduce asexually. 
D)  only applies to animals. 
E)  only applies to groups of organisms living in the same areas. 
A)  applies to all organisms. 
B)  does not take into account geographically isolated members of a species. 
C)  does not apply to organisms that reproduce asexually. 
D)  only applies to animals. 
E)  only applies to groups of organisms living in the same areas.

Question 8

Evolutionary radiations

Accepted Answer

A)  happen often on continents but rarely on island archipelagoes. 
B)  characterize birds and plants but not other groups of organisms. 
C)  have happened on continents as well as on islands. 
D)  require major reorganizations of the genome. 
E)  never happen in species-poor environments. 
A)  happen often on continents but rarely on island archipelagoes. 
B)  characterize birds and plants but not other groups of organisms. 
C)  have happened on continents as well as on islands. 
D)  require major reorganizations of the genome. 
E)  never happen in species-poor environments.

Question 9

Two species of narrowmouth frogs in the United States have mating calls that differ more in their region of sympatry than in those parts of their ranges that do not overlap. If this difference in their vocalizations has the function of preventing hybridization between the two species, it is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a hybrid zone. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  a postzygotic reproductive barrier. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  a hybrid zone. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  sympatric speciation. 
D)  a postzygotic reproductive barrier. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 10

Before transferring sperm to the female during mating, the males of some species of beetles use their copulatory organs to remove the sperm of other males. In cases in which a female mated first with a male of a different species, the male of her own species is particularly adept at removing the other male's sperm. This is an example of _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  geographical 
B)  behavioral 
C)  mechanical 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  precoital 
A)  geographical 
B)  behavioral 
C)  mechanical 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  precoital

Question 11

Despite inhabiting overlapping ranges, the western spotted skunk and the eastern spotted skunk do not interbreed. One reason for this lack of interbreeding is that the western species breeds in early fall and the eastern species breeds in late winter to early spring. This is an example of _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical 
B)  gametic 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  temporal 
E)  mechanical 
A)  chemical 
B)  gametic 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  temporal 
E)  mechanical

Question 12

One major category of reproductive isolating barriers, known as _______ reproductive isolating barriers, operate before fertilization.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One major category of reproductive isolating barriers,...

Question 13

Which of the following factors led to the diversification of Darwin's finches?

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental conditions vary among the different islands. 
B)  Most of the islands are sufficiently distant from one another such that dispersal among populations on different islands is limited. 
C)  Because the Galápagos Islands are only 100 km from Ecuador, they receive a continual input of new genes from the mainland. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  Environmental conditions vary among the different islands. 
B)  Most of the islands are sufficiently distant from one another such that dispersal among populations on different islands is limited. 
C)  Because the Galápagos Islands are only 100 km from Ecuador, they receive a continual input of new genes from the mainland. 
D)  Both a and b 
E)  Both a and c

Question 14

Suppose a hybrid zone exists between two species of salamanders that do not disperse much. If conditions change such that the salamanders disperse more, the hybrid zone will likely _______ in width.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose a hybrid zone exists between two...

Question 15

Suppose two species of morning glories are reproductively isolated because their flowers bloom at different times. This would be an example of _______ isolation, a form of _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

temporal;

Question 16

Animals with complex sexually selected behaviors

Accepted Answer

A)  are very rare. 
B)  are slow to show evolutionary changes. 
C)  are likely to form new species at a high rate. 
D)  do not make sophisticated discriminations among potential mating partners. 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  are very rare. 
B)  are slow to show evolutionary changes. 
C)  are likely to form new species at a high rate. 
D)  do not make sophisticated discriminations among potential mating partners. 
E)  Both a and c

Question 17

Females of the species Drosophila pseudoobscura respond less well to courtship signals from males of their close relative D. persimilis than they do to those of males of their own species. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  hybrid infertility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  sympatric speciation. 
A)  gametic isolation. 
B)  hybrid infertility. 
C)  behavioral isolation. 
D)  adaptive radiation. 
E)  sympatric speciation.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about a hybrid zone is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs where two different populations come into contact. 
B)  It may shift in location due to environmental changes. 
C)  Its habitat may differ from that favored by the parent populations. 
D)  It may narrow, or even disappear, if strong isolating mechanisms develop. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false. 
A)  It occurs where two different populations come into contact. 
B)  It may shift in location due to environmental changes. 
C)  Its habitat may differ from that favored by the parent populations. 
D)  It may narrow, or even disappear, if strong isolating mechanisms develop. 
E)  All of the above are true; none is false.

Question 19

The classification of organisms based on their appearance is known as _______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  the biological 
B)  Mayr's 
C)  the phylogenetic 
D)  the allopatric 
E)  the morphological 
A)  the biological 
B)  Mayr's 
C)  the phylogenetic 
D)  the allopatric 
E)  the morphological

Question 20

What was the main reason that flies became reproductively isolated from one another in Rice and Salt's experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chromosomal changes 
B)  Gene flow 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Evolved preferences for different habitats 
E)  Reinforcement 
A)  Chromosomal changes 
B)  Gene flow 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Evolved preferences for different habitats 
E)  Reinforcement

Exam 23: Species and Their Formation

The biological species concept does not apply to which of the following groups of organisms?

When hybrid offspring are at a fitness disadvantage and reinforcement does not occur, which of the following is likely to occur?

In allopatric speciation, which process is likely to be least important?

Which of the following was required for sympatric speciation in species like the apple maggot fly?

Which of the following statements about polyploidy is true?

The proliferation of a large number of daughter species from a single ancestor is known as

Ernst Mayr's definition of biological species

Evolutionary radiations

One major category of reproductive isolating barriers, known as _______ reproductive isolating barriers, operate before fertilization.

Which of the following factors led to the diversification of Darwin's finches?

Suppose a hybrid zone exists between two species of salamanders that do not disperse much. If conditions change such that the salamanders disperse more, the hybrid zone will likely _______ in width.

Suppose two species of morning glories are reproductively isolated because their flowers bloom at different times. This would be an example of _______ isolation, a form of _______ isolation.

Animals with complex sexually selected behaviors

Females of the species Drosophila pseudoobscura respond less well to courtship signals from males of their close relative D. persimilis than they do to those of males of their own species. This is an example of

Which of the following statements about a hybrid zone is false?

The classification of organisms based on their appearance is known as _______ species concept.

What was the main reason that flies became reproductively isolated from one another in Rice and Salt's experiments?

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Suppose two species of morning glories are reproductively isolated because their flowers bloom at different times. This would be an example of _ isolation, a form of _ isolation.