Question 1

A karyotype is a representation of:

Accepted Answer

A) The molecular structure of DNA. 
B) The double-helix structure of DNA. 
C) The cell's immunophenotype 
D) Chromosome grouping. 
A) The molecular structure of DNA. 
B) The double-helix structure of DNA. 
C) The cell's immunophenotype 
D) Chromosome grouping. D

Question 2

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A) Evaluation of the cell cycle. 
B) Chromosome assessment. 
C) Mitotic rates. 
D) Quantitation of alleles. 
A) Evaluation of the cell cycle. 
B) Chromosome assessment. 
C) Mitotic rates. 
D) Quantitation of alleles. B

Question 3

How are the cells arrested in metaphase, during the harvesting phase of sample preparation?

Accepted Answer

A) Incubation with colchicine 
B) Fixing with Carnoy's fixative 
C) Incubation with KCl 
D) Addition of phytohemagglutinin 
A) Incubation with colchicine 
B) Fixing with Carnoy's fixative 
C) Incubation with KCl 
D) Addition of phytohemagglutinin A

Question 4

Which specimen would be optimal for the study of lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Peripheral blood 
B) Amniotic fluid 
C) Involved Lymph node 
D) Solid tumor biopsy 
A) Peripheral blood 
B) Amniotic fluid 
C) Involved Lymph node 
D) Solid tumor biopsy

Question 5

Which of the following represents the location of the chromosomes during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

A) All over the cell 
B) Center of the cell 
C) On opposite poles of the cell 
D) In the nucleolus 
A) All over the cell 
B) Center of the cell 
C) On opposite poles of the cell 
D) In the nucleolus

Question 6

The harvest procedure for chromosomal banding is accomplished by first activating the cells into mitosis.The active cells are stopped in metaphase by the addition and incubation of agents capable of disrupting the spindle apparatus.The swelling of the nucleated cells and fixation results in a preparation of final cell suspension on a slide, which is evaluated for quality.If the cells' quality is not optimum, what must be done?

Accepted Answer

A) Start over with inactivation of the cells. 
B) Concentrate or dilute the preparation. 
C) Age the preparation by heating overnight. 
D) Stain the preparation. 
A) Start over with inactivation of the cells. 
B) Concentrate or dilute the preparation. 
C) Age the preparation by heating overnight. 
D) Stain the preparation.

Question 7

A 42-year-old female patient has a solid tumor in her left lung.The physician has ordered cytogenetic analysis.What type of specimen is needed?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone marrow aspirate 
B) Pleural effusion 
C) Peripheral blood 
D) Lymph node biopsy 
A) Bone marrow aspirate 
B) Pleural effusion 
C) Peripheral blood 
D) Lymph node biopsy

Question 8

List at least five indications for performing FISH analysis in patients suspected of having a hematolymphoid disorder.

Accepted Answer

-Confirm or establish a diagnosis of leu

Question 9

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Accepted Answer

A) Anaphase lag 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Chromosome banding 
D) Endomitosis 
A) Anaphase lag 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Chromosome banding 
D) Endomitosis

Question 10

Discuss the impact of FISH technology in hematolymphoid disorders and bone marrow transplant recipients.

Accepted Answer

FISH technology could be used to identif

Question 11

How should a technician process a bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Tissue culture 
B) Direct harvest 
C) Suspension tissue culture 
D) Mitogen stimulation with PHA 
A) Tissue culture 
B) Direct harvest 
C) Suspension tissue culture 
D) Mitogen stimulation with PHA

Question 12

The patient who has the most favorable prognosis with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might have hyperdiploid karyotypes with a chromosome count ranging from 54 to 65 with what concurrence?

Accepted Answer

A) Concurrent deletions on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
B) Concurrent translocation on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
C) Concurrent trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
D) Concurrent gene translocation at 17q12 
A) Concurrent deletions on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
B) Concurrent translocation on chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
C) Concurrent trisomies of chromosomes 4, 10, and 17 
D) Concurrent gene translocation at 17q12

Question 13

Which of the following chromosomal aberrations is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) 
B) 5q- deletion 
C) t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2) 
D) 14q11.2 aberration 
A) t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) 
B) 5q- deletion 
C) t(8;22)(q24.1;q11.2) 
D) 14q11.2 aberration

Question 14

The presence of a chimerism after a bone marrow transplant indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) A rejected transplant. 
B) A partial engraftment. 
C) A complete engraftment. 
D) A successful transplant. 
A) A rejected transplant. 
B) A partial engraftment. 
C) A complete engraftment. 
D) A successful transplant.

Question 15

A patient is receiving treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.Six weeks after the cessation of his treatment, a cytogenetic analysis is performed.A structural aberration is found.Name the most probable aberration(s), and explain why they performed it.

Accepted Answer

The most probable chromosomal aberration

Question 16

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding, and explain the purpose of each step.

Accepted Answer

-Step 1: Arrest mitotically active cells

Question 17

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A) Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C) To monitor possible metastasis of the lymphoma to other hematopoietic organs 
D) Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease. 
A) Bone marrow aspirate is an optimal source of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) Bone marrow cells have good reactivity to colchicine. 
C) To monitor possible metastasis of the lymphoma to other hematopoietic organs 
D) Lymphoma cells are always present in the bone marrow if the patient has minimal residual disease.

Question 18

FISH is a molecular technique that can provide important clinical information that conventional cytogenetic analysis might not be able to provide.In CML, what can be identified by FISH and not conventional cytogenetics?

Accepted Answer

A) Cryptic translocations 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Constitutional aberration 
D) Acquired aberration 
A) Cryptic translocations 
B) Nondisjunction 
C) Constitutional aberration 
D) Acquired aberration

Question 19

Following a successful bone marrow transplant as treatment for a hematopoietic disorder, what is the term used if the recipient's cells are present with a normal karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A) Partial engraftment 
B) Chimerism 
C) Mosaic 
D) Aneuploid 
A) Partial engraftment 
B) Chimerism 
C) Mosaic 
D) Aneuploid

Question 20

Which of the following structural aberrations results in loss of an entire chromosomal arm?

Accepted Answer

A) Inversion 
B) Deletion 
C) Isochromosome 
D) Translocation 
A) Inversion 
B) Deletion 
C) Isochromosome 
D) Translocation

Exam 37: Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

A karyotype is a representation of:

Cytogenetic analysis focuses on:

How are the cells arrested in metaphase, during the harvesting phase of sample preparation?

Which specimen would be optimal for the study of lymphoma?

Which of the following represents the location of the chromosomes during metaphase?

A 42-year-old female patient has a solid tumor in her left lung.The physician has ordered cytogenetic analysis.What type of specimen is needed?

List at least five indications for performing FISH analysis in patients suspected of having a hematolymphoid disorder.

Which of the following can result in trisomy?

Discuss the impact of FISH technology in hematolymphoid disorders and bone marrow transplant recipients.

How should a technician process a bone marrow aspirate for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

The patient who has the most favorable prognosis with acute lymphoblastic leukemia might have hyperdiploid karyotypes with a chromosome count ranging from 54 to 65 with what concurrence?

Which of the following chromosomal aberrations is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma?

The presence of a chimerism after a bone marrow transplant indicates:

A patient is receiving treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.Six weeks after the cessation of his treatment, a cytogenetic analysis is performed.A structural aberration is found.Name the most probable aberration(s), and explain why they performed it.

Describe the steps involved in cytogenetic harvesting and banding, and explain the purpose of each step.

Why would a bone marrow aspirate be needed as a specimen for cytogenetic analysis in a patient with a lymphoma?

FISH is a molecular technique that can provide important clinical information that conventional cytogenetic analysis might not be able to provide.In CML, what can be identified by FISH and not conventional cytogenetics?

Following a successful bone marrow transplant as treatment for a hematopoietic disorder, what is the term used if the recipient's cells are present with a normal karyotype?

Which of the following structural aberrations results in loss of an entire chromosomal arm?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Hematopoiesis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

The Leukocyte

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopaties: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

Lymphoid Malignancies: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hematology Procedures and Hemostasis

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Laboratory Testing in Coagulation

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters