Question 1

Which non-alpha globin chain comprises the predominating normal hemoglobin in adults?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma 
B) Delta 
C) Beta 
D) Zeta 
A) Gamma 
B) Delta 
C) Beta 
D) Zeta C

Question 2

What are the chain designations for hemoglobin F?

Accepted Answer

A) α₂β₂ 
B) α₂δ₂ 
C) α₂γ₂ 
D) α₂ε₂ 
A) α₂β₂ 
B) α₂δ₂ 
C) α₂γ₂ 
D) α₂ε₂ C

Question 3

Which of the following is a control for hemoglobin synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Bohr effect 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Oxygen affinity 
D) Activity of the heme enzyme (ALAS) 
A) Bohr effect 
B) Cyanosis 
C) Oxygen affinity 
D) Activity of the heme enzyme (ALAS) D

Question 4

How would a tense configuration of hemoglobin impact transport of oxygen? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Tense configuration is produce

Question 5

When mutations occur in the globin chains of hemoglobin, what two interactions can be impaired?

Accepted Answer

A) Stability and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity 
B) Iron binding and stability 
C) Heme synthesis and affinity 
D) Iron regulation and affinity 
A) Stability and hemoglobin-oxygen affinity 
B) Iron binding and stability 
C) Heme synthesis and affinity 
D) Iron regulation and affinity

Question 6

Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains?

Accepted Answer

A) Two alpha, two beta 
B) Two alpha, two gamma 
C) Two alpha, two delta 
D) Four gamma 
A) Two alpha, two beta 
B) Two alpha, two gamma 
C) Two alpha, two delta 
D) Four gamma

Question 7

How will oxygen transport be affected in a patient with a defect in beta globin chain production? A patient with a defect in alpha chain production?

Accepted Answer

Defects in globin chain production will

Question 8

Which abnormal hemoglobin has 200x more affinity for oxygen than does normal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) Carboxyhemoglobin 
B) Methemoglobin 
C) Sulfhemoglobin 
D) Deoxyhemoglobin 
A) Carboxyhemoglobin 
B) Methemoglobin 
C) Sulfhemoglobin 
D) Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 9

When blood leaves the lungs and reaches the tissues, the PO₂ decreases and the P50 level of O₂ will:

Accepted Answer

A) Decrease. 
B) Increase. 
C) Equilibrate to the PCO₂ level. 
D) Not change. 
A) Decrease. 
B) Increase. 
C) Equilibrate to the PCO₂ level. 
D) Not change.

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for incorporating iron into the heme molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) ALA dehydrase 
B) PBG deaminase 
C) Uroporphyrinogen III 
D) Ferrochelatase 
A) ALA dehydrase 
B) PBG deaminase 
C) Uroporphyrinogen III 
D) Ferrochelatase

Question 11

In a hemoglobin molecule, what element is central to all the structures?

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrogen 
B) Iron 
C) Water 
D) Oxygen 
A) Nitrogen 
B) Iron 
C) Water 
D) Oxygen

Question 12

Which of the following blood vessels has the highest concentration of pO₂?

Accepted Answer

A) Pulmonary arteries 
B) Pulmonary veins 
C) Capillary beds 
D) Veins 
A) Pulmonary arteries 
B) Pulmonary veins 
C) Capillary beds 
D) Veins

Question 13

What two molecules condense to begin heme synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron and protoporphyrin IX 
B) Ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrase 
C) Succinyl CoA and glycine 
D) PBG deaminase and ALA dehydrase 
A) Iron and protoporphyrin IX 
B) Ferrochelatase and ALA dehydrase 
C) Succinyl CoA and glycine 
D) PBG deaminase and ALA dehydrase

Question 14

High concentrations of heme would cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in the synthesis of ALA 
B) An increase in globin chain production 
C) A decrease in globin chain production 
D) An increase in ferrochelatase 
A) A decrease in the synthesis of ALA 
B) An increase in globin chain production 
C) A decrease in globin chain production 
D) An increase in ferrochelatase

Question 15

Which of the following sets of values represents a normal hemoglobin distribution?

Accepted Answer

A) 90% A, 5% A2, 5% F 
B) 90% A, 8% A2, 2% F 
C) 97% A, 1% F, 2% A2 
D) 96% A, 2% A2, 4% F 
A) 90% A, 5% A2, 5% F 
B) 90% A, 8% A2, 2% F 
C) 97% A, 1% F, 2% A2 
D) 96% A, 2% A2, 4% F

Question 16

Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process?

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia 
B) Oxygen affinity 
C) Cyanosis 
D) Diabetes 
A) Anemia 
B) Oxygen affinity 
C) Cyanosis 
D) Diabetes

Question 17

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has the ability to relax smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels and:

Accepted Answer

A) Increase oxygen affinity. 
B) Decrease oxygenation of tissues. 
C) Inhibit of platelet aggregation. 
D) Decrease formation of methemoglobin. 
A) Increase oxygen affinity. 
B) Decrease oxygenation of tissues. 
C) Inhibit of platelet aggregation. 
D) Decrease formation of methemoglobin.

Question 18

Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is expressed by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxyhemoglobin 
B) Deoxyhemoglobin 
C) PCO₂ 
D) P50 
A) Oxyhemoglobin 
B) Deoxyhemoglobin 
C) PCO₂ 
D) P50

Question 19

What does an elevated hemoglobin A1C indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has an elevated hemoglobin 
B) The patient is anemic 
C) The patient's RBCs have been exposed to an elevated blood glucose for a prolonged period of time 
D) The patient's RBCs need glucose 
A) The patient has an elevated hemoglobin 
B) The patient is anemic 
C) The patient's RBCs have been exposed to an elevated blood glucose for a prolonged period of time 
D) The patient's RBCs need glucose

Question 20

What are normal values for forms of hemoglobin found in an infant under the age of 1 year? Over the age of 1? If they are the same, why are they the same? If they are different, why are they different?

Accepted Answer

Under age 1: 90-95% Hemoglobin F; up to

Exam 6: Hemoglobin

Which non-alpha globin chain comprises the predominating normal hemoglobin in adults?

What are the chain designations for hemoglobin F?

Which of the following is a control for hemoglobin synthesis?

How would a tense configuration of hemoglobin impact transport of oxygen? Explain your answer.

When mutations occur in the globin chains of hemoglobin, what two interactions can be impaired?

Fetal hemoglobin is composed of what two globin chains?

How will oxygen transport be affected in a patient with a defect in beta globin chain production? A patient with a defect in alpha chain production?

Which abnormal hemoglobin has 200x more affinity for oxygen than does normal hemoglobin?

When blood leaves the lungs and reaches the tissues, the PO₂ decreases and the P50 level of O₂ will:

Which of the following is responsible for incorporating iron into the heme molecule?

In a hemoglobin molecule, what element is central to all the structures?

Which of the following blood vessels has the highest concentration of pO₂?

What two molecules condense to begin heme synthesis?

High concentrations of heme would cause which of the following?

Which of the following sets of values represents a normal hemoglobin distribution?

Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin is used as an indicator of what disease process?

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor has the ability to relax smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels and:

Oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is expressed by which of the following?

What does an elevated hemoglobin A1C indicate?

What are normal values for forms of hemoglobin found in an infant under the age of 1 year? Over the age of 1? If they are the same, why are they the same? If they are different, why are they different?

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Hematopoiesis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

The Erythrocyte

The Leukocyte

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopaties: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

Lymphoid Malignancies: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hematology Procedures and Hemostasis

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Laboratory Testing in Coagulation

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

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