Question 1

Which two stains are used to differentiate between the myeloid and lymphoid blasts?

Accepted Answer

A) MPO and SBB 
B) PAS and LAP 
C) Acid phosphatase and LAP 
D) Toluidine blue and reticulin stain 
A) MPO and SBB 
B) PAS and LAP 
C) Acid phosphatase and LAP 
D) Toluidine blue and reticulin stain A

Question 2

Which of the following cytochemical stains can help differentiate AML from ALL?

Accepted Answer

A) PAS stain 
B) LAP stain 
C) MPO stain 
D) NSE stain 
A) PAS stain 
B) LAP stain 
C) MPO stain 
D) NSE stain C

Question 3

Explain how proto-oncogenes contribute to tumor formation.

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes can become activated to become oncogenes as a result of gene mutation, gene rearrangement, and/or gene amplification.

Question 4

Which patient population is most affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Children 
B) Adults 
C) Geriatrics 
D) Females 
A) Children 
B) Adults 
C) Geriatrics 
D) Females

Question 5

For the following cytochemical stains, indicate: 1.what they stain and 2.disease correlation to a positive result.
A)MPO
B)SBB
C)NSE
D)PAS

Accepted Answer

MPO: 1.primary granules; 2.AML
SBB: 1.Ne

Question 6

How are oncogenes and proto-oncogenes different?

Accepted Answer

A) Protooncogenes are activated tumor genes while oncogenes are inactivated tumor suppressor genes. 
B) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, while proto-oncogenes prevent tumor formation. 
C) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, while proto-oncogenes are inactivated forms of oncogenes. 
D) Oncogenes are tumor suppressors, whereas proto-oncogenes cause tumor formation. 
A) Protooncogenes are activated tumor genes while oncogenes are inactivated tumor suppressor genes. 
B) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, while proto-oncogenes prevent tumor formation. 
C) Oncogenes can lead to tumor formation, while proto-oncogenes are inactivated forms of oncogenes. 
D) Oncogenes are tumor suppressors, whereas proto-oncogenes cause tumor formation.

Question 7

How are the HSC and the cancer stem cell similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphology 
B) CD markers 
C) Cytochemical staining 
D) Replicating potential 
A) Morphology 
B) CD markers 
C) Cytochemical staining 
D) Replicating potential

Question 8

Which of the following has the best prognosis?

Accepted Answer

A) ALL in children 
B) ALL in adults 
C) AML in adults 
D) AML in children 
A) ALL in children 
B) ALL in adults 
C) AML in adults 
D) AML in children

Question 9

A routine CBC from a 5-year-old boy shows 90% blasts in peripheral circulation.Cytochemical staining with MPO and SBB was negative.Based on these findings, from what is the patient most likely suffering?

Accepted Answer

A) AML 
B) ALL 
C) CML 
D) CLL 
A) AML 
B) ALL 
C) CML 
D) CLL

Question 10

A gene involved in regulating the growth of myeloid cells is hypermethylated resulting in a block in transcription.This is an example of malignancy as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) Post-translational modification. 
B) DNA mutation. 
C) Epigenetic change. 
D) Genomic instability. 
A) Post-translational modification. 
B) DNA mutation. 
C) Epigenetic change. 
D) Genomic instability.

Question 11

A malignant neoplasm is best described as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Clone of normal, proliferating cells 
B) Clone of abnormal, anaplastic, proliferating cells that have the potential to metastasize 
C) A clone of highly organized, differentiated cells that have the potential to metastasize 
D) A clone of highly organized, differentiated cells that do not spread 
A) Clone of normal, proliferating cells 
B) Clone of abnormal, anaplastic, proliferating cells that have the potential to metastasize 
C) A clone of highly organized, differentiated cells that have the potential to metastasize 
D) A clone of highly organized, differentiated cells that do not spread

Question 12

A patient has a WBC count of 250 x 109/L and the peripheral blood smear contains many granulocytes and granulocytic precursors including 2% blasts.Pending further tests, from what is the patient most likely suffering?

Accepted Answer

A) A chronic granulocytic leukemia 
B) An acute lymphocytic leukemia 
C) A chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
D) An acute granulocytic leukemia 
A) A chronic granulocytic leukemia 
B) An acute lymphocytic leukemia 
C) A chronic lymphocytic leukemia 
D) An acute granulocytic leukemia

Question 13

Leukemias can be classified by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Morphology 
B) Lineage 
C) Cytogenetic abnormality 
D) All of the above 
A) Morphology 
B) Lineage 
C) Cytogenetic abnormality 
D) All of the above

Question 14

What is/are the common complication(s) of chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Bleeding, infection, and anemia 
B) Bone marrow rejection 
C) Thrombocytosis 
D) Refractory anemia 
A) Bleeding, infection, and anemia 
B) Bone marrow rejection 
C) Thrombocytosis 
D) Refractory anemia

Question 15

All of the following have an increased risk of progressing into acute leukemia except:

Accepted Answer

A) Myeloproliferative disorders. 
B) Myelodysplastic syndromes. 
C) Refractory anemias. 
D) Reactive leukocytosis. 
A) Myeloproliferative disorders. 
B) Myelodysplastic syndromes. 
C) Refractory anemias. 
D) Reactive leukocytosis.

Question 16

Bleeding, infections and anemia are common complications of chemotherapy due to:

Accepted Answer

A) Drugs used kill normal cells as well as leukemic cells. 
B) Normal cells are more susceptible to drug-induced apoptosis than leukemic cells. 
C) Drugs bind preferentially to normal cells. 
D) Drugs induce the formation of autoantibodies to normal cells. 
A) Drugs used kill normal cells as well as leukemic cells. 
B) Normal cells are more susceptible to drug-induced apoptosis than leukemic cells. 
C) Drugs bind preferentially to normal cells. 
D) Drugs induce the formation of autoantibodies to normal cells.

Question 17

Cell lineage of leukemic blasts can be determined by:

Accepted Answer

A) Morphology, cytochemical stains, cell concentration. 
B) Cytochemical stains, immunophenotyping. 
C) Presence of Auer rods and Pappenheimer bodies. 
D) Immaturity of cytoplasm and presence of nuclear phi bodies. 
A) Morphology, cytochemical stains, cell concentration. 
B) Cytochemical stains, immunophenotyping. 
C) Presence of Auer rods and Pappenheimer bodies. 
D) Immaturity of cytoplasm and presence of nuclear phi bodies.

Question 18

Which laboratory test confirms the lineage of hematologic neoplasms?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytogenetic analysis 
B) Immunophenotyping 
C) Nuclear staining 
D) Bone marrow differential 
A) Cytogenetic analysis 
B) Immunophenotyping 
C) Nuclear staining 
D) Bone marrow differential

Question 19

A bone marrow differential is performed on a patient suspected of having leukemia.Cytochemical stains are performed.MPO and SBB are negative.Blasts appear homogeneous and small in size.What would you expect to find when performing immunophenotyping?

Accepted Answer

A) Positive reactivity with immature B cell or T cell markers 
B) Positive reactivity with immature myeloid markers 
C) Positive reactivity with mature myeloid markers 
D) Positive reactivity with plasma cell markers 
A) Positive reactivity with immature B cell or T cell markers 
B) Positive reactivity with immature myeloid markers 
C) Positive reactivity with mature myeloid markers 
D) Positive reactivity with plasma cell markers

Question 20

All of the following have been proposed as being leukemogenic except:

Accepted Answer

A) Therapeutic radiation. 
B) Living in high altitudes. 
C) Chromosome translocations. 
D) Benzene. 
A) Therapeutic radiation. 
B) Living in high altitudes. 
C) Chromosome translocations. 
D) Benzene.

Exam 20: Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Which two stains are used to differentiate between the myeloid and lymphoid blasts?

Which of the following cytochemical stains can help differentiate AML from ALL?

Explain how proto-oncogenes contribute to tumor formation.

Which patient population is most affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

For the following cytochemical stains, indicate: 1.what they stain and 2.disease correlation to a positive result. A)MPO B)SBB C)NSE D)PAS

How are oncogenes and proto-oncogenes different?

How are the HSC and the cancer stem cell similar?

Which of the following has the best prognosis?

A routine CBC from a 5-year-old boy shows 90% blasts in peripheral circulation.Cytochemical staining with MPO and SBB was negative.Based on these findings, from what is the patient most likely suffering?

A gene involved in regulating the growth of myeloid cells is hypermethylated resulting in a block in transcription.This is an example of malignancy as a result of:

A malignant neoplasm is best described as which of the following?

A patient has a WBC count of 250 x 109/L and the peripheral blood smear contains many granulocytes and granulocytic precursors including 2% blasts.Pending further tests, from what is the patient most likely suffering?

Leukemias can be classified by which of the following?

What is/are the common complication(s) of chemotherapy?

All of the following have an increased risk of progressing into acute leukemia except:

Bleeding, infections and anemia are common complications of chemotherapy due to:

Cell lineage of leukemic blasts can be determined by:

Which laboratory test confirms the lineage of hematologic neoplasms?

A bone marrow differential is performed on a patient suspected of having leukemia.Cytochemical stains are performed.MPO and SBB are negative.Blasts appear homogeneous and small in size.What would you expect to find when performing immunophenotyping?

All of the following have been proposed as being leukemogenic except:

Introduction

Cellular Homeostasis

Hematopoiesis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

The Leukocyte

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopaties: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

Lymphoid Malignancies: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hematology Procedures and Hemostasis

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Laboratory Testing in Coagulation

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

Filters

A patient has a WBC count of 250 x 10⁹/L and the peripheral blood smear contains many granulocytes and granulocytic precursors including 2% blasts.Pending further tests, from what is the patient most likely suffering?