Question 1

All of the following are promoters of apoptosis except:

Accepted Answer

A) BCL-2. 
B) Caspases. 
C) TNF-alpha. 
D) Fas Ligand. 
A) BCL-2. 
B) Caspases. 
C) TNF-alpha. 
D) Fas Ligand. A

Question 2

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Exons 
B) Introns 
C) 3' and 5' ends 
D) Heteronuclear RNA 
A) Exons 
B) Introns 
C) 3' and 5' ends 
D) Heteronuclear RNA C

Question 3

What protein is responsible for activating phosphorylation of all kinases involved in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) Cdk 
B) CAK 
C) Cyclin 
D) Cdk inhibitor 
A) Cdk 
B) CAK 
C) Cyclin 
D) Cdk inhibitor B

Question 4

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

Accepted Answer

Rb is the protein product of the retinob

Question 5

Which phospholipids are predominantly found in the inner layer of the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) PE and PC 
B) PE and PS 
C) PS and SM 
D) PC and SM 
A) PE and PC 
B) PE and PS 
C) PS and SM 
D) PC and SM

Question 6

Predict the effect of p16 on the cell cycle of dividing cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Increased cell cycle progression 
B) Decreased cell cycle progression 
C) No change in the cell cycle progression 
D) Initiate apoptosis 
A) Increased cell cycle progression 
B) Decreased cell cycle progression 
C) No change in the cell cycle progression 
D) Initiate apoptosis

Question 7

Initiation of apoptosis occurs primarily with:

Accepted Answer

A) Activation of p53. 
B) Cleavage of appropriate caspases at timely intervals. 
C) Stimulus from an inflammatory response. 
D) Activation of BCL-2. 
A) Activation of p53. 
B) Cleavage of appropriate caspases at timely intervals. 
C) Stimulus from an inflammatory response. 
D) Activation of BCL-2.

Question 8

Which of the following influences the stability of the mRNA and the efficiency of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) Introns 
B) Untranslated regions 
C) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms 
D) Exons 
A) Introns 
B) Untranslated regions 
C) Single-nucleotide polymorphisms 
D) Exons

Question 9

To be considered a true polymorphism, a SNP must occur with a frequency of:

Accepted Answer

A) >1% 
B) >5% 
C) >10% 
D) >25% 
A) >1% 
B) >5% 
C) >10% 
D) >25%

Question 10

Disposal of damaged or misfolded proteins is carried out by which cell component?

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosome 
B) Ubiquitin/proteosome system 
C) Caspase/apoptosis system 
D) Molecular chaperones 
A) Lysosome 
B) Ubiquitin/proteosome system 
C) Caspase/apoptosis system 
D) Molecular chaperones

Question 11

Predict the effect of the Bax:Bcl-2 complex on the apoptotic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) The pathway is activated by Bax: Bcl-2. 
B) The pathway is inhibited by Bax: Bcl-2. 
C) The pathway is not affected by Bax: Bcl-2. 
D) The pathway will be activated and then inhibited by Bax:Bcl-2. 
A) The pathway is activated by Bax: Bcl-2. 
B) The pathway is inhibited by Bax: Bcl-2. 
C) The pathway is not affected by Bax: Bcl-2. 
D) The pathway will be activated and then inhibited by Bax:Bcl-2.

Question 12

Which of the following are apoptosis activators?

Accepted Answer

A) BCL-2 
B) Mcl-1 
C) Bcl-XL 
D) Bak 
A) BCL-2 
B) Mcl-1 
C) Bcl-XL 
D) Bak

Question 13

List the four major phospholipids found in the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells, and explain their unique distribution.

Accepted Answer

The four major phospholipids that are fo

Question 14

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Ribosomes 
A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B) Golgi apparatus 
C) Mitochondria 
D) Ribosomes

Question 15

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C) Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D) Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin 
A) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine 
B) Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine 
C) Phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin 
D) Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin

Question 16

In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align on opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Prophase 
B) Metaphase 
C) Anaphase and telophase 
D) Interphase 
A) Prophase 
B) Metaphase 
C) Anaphase and telophase 
D) Interphase

Question 17

Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer development.

Accepted Answer

The most common epigenetic change in the

Question 18

In which phase of the cell cycle is a cell quiescent?

Accepted Answer

A) The G1 phase 
B) The G0 phase 
C) The R phase 
D) The S phase 
A) The G1 phase 
B) The G0 phase 
C) The R phase 
D) The S phase

Question 19

Describe the apoptotic pathway.

Accepted Answer

Death receptor binding of death receptor

Question 20

Malignancies can result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Accelerated apoptosis 
B) Inhibited apoptosis 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D) None of the above 
A) Accelerated apoptosis 
B) Inhibited apoptosis 
C) Normal occurrence of apoptosis 
D) None of the above

Exam 2: Cellular Homeostasis

All of the following are promoters of apoptosis except:

UTRs constitute which segments of mRNA?

What protein is responsible for activating phosphorylation of all kinases involved in the cell cycle?

Explain in detail how p53 and Rb can contribute to the onset of malignancy.

Which phospholipids are predominantly found in the inner layer of the lipid bilayer?

Predict the effect of p16 on the cell cycle of dividing cells.

Initiation of apoptosis occurs primarily with:

Which of the following influences the stability of the mRNA and the efficiency of translation?

To be considered a true polymorphism, a SNP must occur with a frequency of:

Disposal of damaged or misfolded proteins is carried out by which cell component?

Predict the effect of the Bax:Bcl-2 complex on the apoptotic pathway.

Which of the following are apoptosis activators?

List the four major phospholipids found in the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells, and explain their unique distribution.

Which cytoplasmic organelle's function is lipid synthesis?

Which phospholipids are found predominantly in the outer layer of the lipid bilayer?

In which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align on opposite poles of the cell?

Explain the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer development.

In which phase of the cell cycle is a cell quiescent?

Describe the apoptotic pathway.

Malignancies can result from which of the following?

Introduction

Hematopoiesis

Structure and Function of Hematopoietic Organs

The Erythrocyte

Hemoglobin

The Leukocyte

Introduction to Anemia

Anemias of Disordered Iron Metabolism and Heme Synthesis

Hemoglobinopaties: Qualitative Defects

Thalassemia

Megaloblastic and Nonmegaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias

Introduction to Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic Anemia: Membrane Defects

Hemolytic Anemia: Enzyme Deficiencies

Hemolytic Anemia: Immune Anemias

Hemolytic Anemia: Nonimmune Defects

Nonmalignant Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders

Nonmalignant Lymphocyte Disorders

Introduction to Hematopoietic Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias

Lymphoid Malignancies: Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias, Lymphomas, and Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Morphologic Analysis of Body Fluids in the Hematology Laboratory

Primary Hemostasis

Secondary Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis

Disorders of Primary Hemostasis

Disorders of Secondary Hemostasis

Thrombophilia

Hematology Procedures and Hemostasis

Bone Marrow Examination

Automation in Hematology and Hemostasis

Flow Cytometry

Chromosome Analysis of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Disorders

Molecular Analysis of Hematologic Diseases

Laboratory Testing in Coagulation

Quality Assessment in the Hematology Laboratory

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